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MRP: The Poultry counter

2018-02-13T19:39:24Z

PeterTaylor: /* Notes */

'''The Poultry counter'''

'''Editorial history'''

14/12/11, CSG: Created page
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__TOC__
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==Suggested links==

See [[MRP: Places|Places]]

See [[MRP: 19th March 1662/63, Letter from Humphrey Gyffard, Poultry Counter|19th March 1662/63, Letter from Humphrey Gyffard, Poultry Counter]]
See [[MRP: 25th March 1663, Letter from Humfry Gyffard to Sir GO, London|25th March 1663, Letter from Humfry Gyffard to Sir GO, London]]
See [[MRP: April 1667, Letter from Humphry Gyffard to Sir GO|April 1667, Letter from Humphry Gyffard to Sir GO]]
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==To do==

(1) Look into the family background of Humphrey Gyffard

- See a footnote to ''The complete poems and translations in prose of Humfrey Gifford'' (London, 1875), which describes Humphrey Gyffard, descendant of the
poet addressed in the book, as "Humfrey Gifford of the Poultry, London, an industrious gentleman and of judgement as a collector or rarities and antiquities"<ref>Alexander Balloch Grosart, ''The complete poems and translations in prose of Humfrey Gifford: gentleman (1580) ed., with memorial-introduction and notes'' (Manchester, 1875), p. x</ref>
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==Images==

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==Humphrey Giffard, keeper of the Poultry Counter==

Humphrey Giffard was a former merchant, who had been in the East Indies. By March 1662/63 he was the keeper of the [[MRP: The Poultry counter| Poultry Counter]]. This was one of two debtors prisons in the City of London, and was situated in Poultry. It was destroyed in the fire, as were Giffard’s home and possessions.

In 1670 Giffard published a pamplet ''A Second Accompt of what Progress Hath Been Hitherto Made with Such Other Particulars as are Conceived Necessary for the Advancement and Prefecting of a Publick Design for the Accommodation, Relief, and Benefit of the Prisoners of the Compter in the Poultry, Upon the Intending Re-building Thereof''.<ref>Republished by John Thomas Smith, ''Ancient topography of London: containing not only views of buildings ... but some account of places and customs either unknown, or overlooked by the London historians'' (London, 1815, repr. 1892), p. 39. Described by Smith as a "rare tract" by Humphrey Gifford, "who lived for many years at the Compter door as Master Keeper thereof"</ref>
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===Humphrey Giffard's description of the pre-1666 fire Poultry Compter===

''The prison of the Compter in the Poultry (as it was before the late dreadful fire) contained in breadth but two and twenty foot ground, by reason whereof the said compter was so minute, inconvenient, and insufficient, that there was not, nor could not be, a Chappel, or room, for the minister and prisoners to assemble, pray, preach, and hear in, the pulpit standing in the open yard; which in summer suns and heats, and winter rains and colds, was most inconvenient, and exceedingly prejudicial to the health and well-being both of minister and prisoners. The Hole-ward also of the said compter was not, nor could not be, twenty foot square, for sometimes forty, or, othertimes fifty prisoners, to be and lie constantly in, dress and eat their meat in, and for all other necessary occasions and office; which caused the great annoyances, contagions, and yearly mortality among them. Neither was, nor could there be, a particular separate apartment or ward for women to be, and lodge in, but was necessitated to be and lie in the men's ward, promiscouously together; and so temptations and debaucheries were impossible to be avoided and prevented. And there was not, nor could be, a room, free of rent, for the most ancient, decrepit, and sick prisoners to lodge in; who though gentlemen and citizens born, bred, and had lived well and in good fashion, yet by misfortunes, casualties, and losses, grown poor and not able to pay rent, were thereby necessitated to lie in the said Holewards on the boards, and there languish, dye, and perish.''<ref>Excerpt from "rare tract" by Humphrey Gifford, "who lived for many years at the Compter door as Master Keeper thereof," John Thomas Smith, ''Ancient topography of London: containing not only views of buildings ... but some account of places and customs either unknown, or overlooked by the London historians'' (London, 1815, repr. 1892), p. 39 </ref>

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==Notes==

===John Smith - Farmer of the Excise on Tobacco Pipes===

"He was almost certainly the gentleman commemorated in a monument on the north side of the chancel of the parish church of St. Giles who died of consumption on 6th May 1655 in Mitcham, Surrey, aged only 32, 'beloved of all men for his affable Deportment, admired for his more than ordinary guifts of Nature'. He was about to take over his father’s position of 'Secondary to the Poultry Compter' when he died, this being a legal position of some standing within the sheriff’s prison in Cheapside and worth £700 per year."<ref> 'Taylor, P.J. ''Excise Taxation and the Early English Tobacco Pipe Industry'', pub. pending, Society for Clay Pipe Research Monograph no.4'</ref>

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===The Poultry in John Strype's London===

"The Poultry, a good large and broad Street, and a very great Thoroughfare for Coaches, Carts, and Foot Passengers, being seated in the Heart of the City, and leading to and from the Royal Exchange; and from thence to Fleet street, the Strand, Westminster, and the Western Parts: And therefore so well inhabited by great Tradesmen. It begins on the West, by the Old Jury, where Cheapside ends, and reaches to the Stocks Market, by Cornhill. On the North side is Scalding Alley; a large Place, containing two or three Alleys, and a square Court with good Buildings, and well inhabited; but the greatest part is in Breadstreet Ward, where it is mentioned.

St. Mildreds Poultry; this Church is neatly built of Free stone, with a graceful Dial hanging over into the Street. The Church was destroyed in the great Fire of London, and rebuilt as now it is, and to this is united the Parish of St. Mary Colechurch.

Somewhat West to this Church is the Poultry Counter, being the Prison belonging to one of the Sheriffs of London, for all such as are Arrested within the City and Liberties thereof. And besides this Prison, there is another of the same nature in Woodstreet, for the other Sheriff; both being of the same nature, and have the like Officers for the execution of the Concerns belonging thereunto, as shall be here taken Notice of. So that what is said here for the Poultry Counter, belongs also to Woodstreet Counter.

The Charge of those Prisons is committed to the Sheriffs, who always enter into their Office, on the 28th of September, which is the Eve of St. Michael the Archangel; and are accordingly sworn to the Charge of the said Office.

Under the Sheriffs there are divers other Officers belonging alike to both Counters; who give Security to the Sheriffs, for their true and faithful execution of their several Offices.

1. The first and principal Officer, next to the Sheriff, is the Secondary. Whose Office is to return Writs, mark Warrants, impanel Juries for the Courts both above and below, and also for the Sessions.

2. The Clerk of the Papers. Whose Office is to impannel Juries for the Sheriff's Court; he enters up Judgment, and makes out all Processes for the Sheriff's Courts.

3. Four Clerk Sitters. Who enter Actions, take Bails, receive Verdicts after Trials, &c.

4. Eighteen Serjeants at Mace; and every Serjeant hath his Yeoman. Their Office is to Arrest, execute all Processes, serve Writs and Executions upon Actions; and summons from above, as well as from the Courts below. And each of these Serjeants gives 400l. Security to the Sheriff, for the due Execution of their Office. They wear blue coloured Cloth Gowns, which are allowed them by the Sheriffs yearly, which they always wear upon their waiting Days. Four of these Serjeants, and as many Yeomen out of each Counter, wait upon their respective Sheriff daily; and during the time of Sessions, double the number. At which time, in the Morings they bring the Prisoners down from Newgate to the Sessions-House, and put them in the Dock; and wait there all Day, and return the Prisoners back to the Goal at Night: And upon the Execution Days, see the condemned Prisoners Executed.

Unto each Counter also belongs a Master Keeper; and under him, two Turn-keys, and other Servitors.

The poorer sort of Prisoners, as well in this Counter, as in that at Woodstreet, receive daily Relief from the Sheriff's Table, of all the broken Meat and Bread. And there are divers Gifts given by several well disposed People, towards their Subsistance: Of which, such as I could procure, (besides those taken Notice of in several Parts of this Book) I have here inserted. And besides which, there are other Benevolences frequently sent to all the Prisons in London, by charitable Persons; many of which do coneal their Names, doing it only for charity sake. And there are other Gifts, some for the Releasement of such as lie in only for Prison Fees; and for others, for the Release of such, whose Debts amount not to above such or such a Sum."<ref>[http://www.hrionline.ac.uk/strype/TransformServlet?page=book3_050 John Strype, ''A survey of the cities of London and Westminster'' (XXXX, XXXX), Bk 3, Ch. 3, 'Cheape Ward. [Present State.]', pp. 50-51], online edn., viewed 24/12/11</ref>
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===Samuel Pepys and the Poultry Counter===

"[Tuesday 15 December 1663] At dinner comes a messenger from the Counter with an execution against me for the 30l. 10s., given the last verdict to Field. The man’s name is Thomas, of the Poultry Counter. I sent Griffin with him to the Dolphin, where Sir W. Batten was at dinner, and he being satisfied that I should pay the money, I did cause the money to be paid him, and Griffin to tell it out to him in the office. He offered to go along with me to Sir R. Ford, but I thought it not necessary, but let him go with it, he also telling me that there is never any receipt for it given, but I have good witness of the payment of it."<ref>[http://www.pepysdiary.com/archive/1663/12/15/ Pepys diary, online edn.], viewed 24/12/11</ref>
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===Area close to the Poultry counter===

"Dunton, the eccentric bookseller of William III.'s reign, resided in the Poultry in the year 1688. "The humour of rambling," he says in his autobiography, "was now pretty well off with me, and my thoughts began to fix rather upon business. The shop I took, with the sign of the Black Raven, stood opposite to the Poultry Counter, where I traded ten years, as all other men must expect, with a variety of successes and disappointments. My shop was opened just upon the Revolution, and, as I remember, the same day the Prince of Orange came to London."<ref>[http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=45054 Walter Thornbury, 'The Poultry', Old and New London: Volume 1 (1878), pp. 416-424], viewed 24/12/2011</ref>

"''The Security of English-Men's Lives, Or the Trust, Power and Duty of the Grand Jurys of England. Explained according to the Fundamentals of the English Government, and the Declarations of the same made in Parliament by many Statutes''; Somers, Lord John; London, Printed for Benj. Alsop at the Sign of the Angel and Bible over against the Poultry Counter. 1682. 16mo, 168pp, full leather. Contemporary bindings in poor condition, corners rubbed and bumped, leather rubbed at board margins and spine, chips at bottom board edges and spine ends. Inner hinges split and boards holding by cords front and rear endpapers and prelims missing (book opens onto title page). Internally, some browning to margins of front and rear pages, otherwise reasonably clean. Small worm hole through book at lower margin, well away from text area. Text block intact with no loose pages, only pulling at gutters at a few places. This influential book, first printed in 1681, defined a hearing before a grand jury of peers as a fundamental English right. An assertion of the priority of the law over the English crown, it was written to support the right of a grand jury to reject the bill of indictment against Anthony Ashley-Cooper, First Earl of Shaftesbury, issued by Charles II. Somers, a barrister of the Middle Temple and an important Whig statesman, was Lord Chancellor of England during the reigns of William and Mary and Queen Anne. He presided over the framing of the Bill of Rights (1689). This is the second of the two 17th century editions. A very important work and extremely rare in this early edition, only several copies are known still to be in circulation

Ref 100407: £500.00"<ref>http://www.collectinghouse.co.uk/legal_books.htm, viewed 24/12/11</ref>
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==Possible primary sources==

===TNA===

C 3/309/19 Short title: Gifford v Hackett. Plaintiffs: Philip Gifford and another. Defendants: Cuthbert Hackett and others. Subject: manor and hospital of St Giles in the Fields, Middlesex; and property in St Brides, St Andrew Holborn and St Mildred Poultry, London. 1620

E 215/1005 Poultry Compter Certificate by Nicholas Smyth of the rates of fees now taken by the Keeper Del. 4 Mar. 1628
E 215/1006 Poultry Compter Printed orders by the Lord Mayor and Court of Aldermen for the government and charitable usage of prisoners in either of the Compters 25 Sept. 1621

SP 46/171/14,15 Impositions on proceedings at law; tax accounts miscellaneous (ff 14 - 101): Account of John Normansill, clerk sitter of the Poultry Counter, London, for receipts of taxes received under the act for laying impositions on proceedings at law, Jan 1671 - Apr 1672 1672
- And a number of similar documents for 1671 & 1672
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===London Metropolitan Archives===

Corporation of London Records Office: Poultry Compter: Administration CLA/030/03 [n.d.]:
- Order of Count for reinstatement of William Harrison (as Minister of Poultry Compter) so long as he shall well and truely officiate and discharge the same in his own person. CLA/030/03/006 1669
- Orders for payment out of the Coal Money of bills for work and material, including laying in water, in the rebuilding of Poultry Compter CLA/030/03/008 1670-1
- Rebuilding and repair of Poultry Compter: Orders and bills for payment for work done. CLA/030/03/009 1671-2, 1677-81, 1686-8, 1722

Corporation of London Records Office: Corporation of London [COL/AC - COL/BR]: ARCHIVES COL/AC [n.d.]: NEGATIVES BF COL/AC/19 [n.d.]:
- Plans 30. A. G.: plan of Poultry Compter, 1798: photocopy of Surveyor's Justice Plan No. 1348 COL/AC/19/056 n.d.
----
==Possible secondary sources==

Dobb, Clifford, "London’s Prisons." Shakespeare Survey: Volume 17: Shakespeare in his Own Age. Ed. Allardyce Nicoll. Cambridge University Press, 1964. Cambridge Collections Online. Cambridge University Press. 24 December 2011 DOI:10.1017/CCOL0521064309.008<ref>http://cco.cambridge.org/extract?id=ccol0521064309_CCOL0521064309A008, viewed 24/12/11</ref>

Anonymous, ''The Humble petition of the poore distressed prisoners in the hole of the poultry compter being about threescore and ten persons in number : against this time of the birth of our saviour Iesus Christ'', Wing H3572, Thomason Coll. v. 1, pt. 1, p. 352, Early English books, 1641-1700 -- 232:E.21, no. 32 (London, 1644),

HCA 13/53 f.1r Annotate

2017-11-13T12:54:17Z

PeterTaylor:

{{PageMetaData
|Parent volume=HCA 13/53
|Folio=1
|Side=Recto
|Status=Uploaded image; transcribed on 18/10/2017
|First transcriber=Colin Greenstreet
|First transcribed=2017/10/18
|Note=IMAGE: 100D3300_DSC_0007.jpg
}}
{{PageHelp}}
{{PageTranscription
|Transcription image={{#transcription-image: 100D3300_DSC_0007.jpg}}
|Transcription='''A'''

24th January 1636 in [xta] [?XX]

Digby con Therrye}

'''Rp. J m/.'''

'''Praise Barbone''' parochia sancta Bridgette ffleetstreet London
Letherseller aetats 38 annorum aut circiter testis in hac parte productis
iuratus et examinatus dicit quod Johend Digbye partem producen
10 annos aetaps aut eo circiter bene novit et Johem Thierry partem
con quam producit per annum aetaps aut circiter ex visu tantum novit

Ad primum secundum et reliquos arlos allonis in hac parte dat et oblat et scheduulam in ead menconate dicit et
deponit That in or about the moneth of October Anno domini 1635 arlate the arlate
John Digbye the producent did buy of this deponent the severall goods followeinge
and really payd or is to paye him for the same the severall sommes hereafter
menconned videlicet ten Cordivant Doubletts at 19 ''s'' per peece. nyne pounds, ffive
dozen and nyne payres of button gloves at 14 ''s'' per dozen, foure pounds six pence
eighte dozen of playne gloves at 7 ''s'' 6 ''d'' per dozen, three pounds, Two dozen
of Leather draivers at 25 ''s'' per dozen fiftye shillings, fower dozen of
leather stockings at 9 ''s'' per dozen, thirtye eight shillings, And nyne dozen and
nyne Spanish leather Capps at eighte shillings per dozen, three
pounds eighteene shillings, All which severall parcells of goods aforesayd were
the tyme aforesayd worth the severall sommes aforesayd, and at those rates
this deponent sould the like goods to other men And this he affirmeth uppom
his oath to be true for that he hath at the tyme of his examination in his custodye a bill of the particulars and prices Et alr nescit deponere saving he sayeth that the sayd Digbye
when he bought the sayd goods tould this deponent that he intended to send thesayd goods for Virginia and the sayd Digbye hath since shewed him letters
declaringe that the shipp the ''Constante'' in which the sayd goods were laden
to be transported therein for Virginia proved leakye and was not able to
proceed on the sayd voyage but was putt into the west Countrye and that the
sayd goods were wett and damnifyed.

per me Praise Barbon [SIGNATURE, RH SIDE]

******************************

dro dei/.

'''2s./'''

'''Rs Jne'''

'''Stephanus Moore''' parochia Sancti Andree Hubberd London Cloth
worker, aetatis 23 annorum aut circiter testis in hac parte productus
iuratus et examinatus dicit quoad Johem Digbye partem producend
oer 7 annos aetaps aut circiter novit sed Johem Thierrye partem
con quam producit E non novit ut dicit/

Ad primum secundum et reliquos arles alluis in hac parte dat et oblat
et schedulam in eadem mentonat dicit et deponit That uppon or
about the 18th day of October Anno domini <u>1635.</u> this deponent and his
partner Bryan Boden were imployed by the arlate John Digbye to
packe up the particular goods heerafter mentioned which were all packed up in
two bales, which (as the sayd Digbye then affoirmed) he intended to
send to Virginia videlicet one broade cloath of a sinament colour contayning
thirtye yards worth in his this deponents iudgement eleaven
shillings per yard, one gray broad cloath contayninge twentye eighte
yards worth in his iudgement ten shillings per yard, ffower peeces
of coloured Cottons cotayninge one hundred thirtye thre
yards and a halfe, worth in his iudgement one shillinge foure pence
per yard, seaven yards of blacke kersey worth in his iudgement
fower shillings per yard, Ten peeces of blewe lynnen conteyninge
fourtye nyne yards and a halfe worth in his idugment fourteene pence
per yard, Twentye two yards of black bayes worth in his iudgement 2 ''s'' per yard,
Two peeces of hangings contayninge fiftye two yards , ffower peeces of
stuffe halfe silke, contaynunge nynetye one yards and a halfe And one peece
of silke saye contayninge seaventeene yards, but the vallue of the sayd hanginge [?of]
[?silke]
}}

Avoiding Transcription Errors

2017-10-26T11:41:35Z

PeterTaylor: Expansion of the meaning of arlate

'''Avoiding Transcription Errors'''
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'''Purpose'''

This Avoiding Transcription Errors page has been developed to supplement the Transcription and Editorial Policy
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__TOC__
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==Words==
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===A===

'''accompts''' or '''accounts'''
- "accompts" is the most common variant

'''Acts and proceedings of this said Court'''
- frequently mistranscribed as "Acte" not "Acts"

'''aforesaid''' or '''aforesayd'''
- probably 60% of the time "aforesayd"
- where there is the abbreviation "aforesd" on a page, look for an example of the expanded version on the same page and use that to expand the contracted "aforesd" to that version
- almost never "aforesayde"

'''allegation''' NOT '''allogation'''
- expansion of "allon"

'''alias'''
- EXAMPLE: "the ketch the ''Coronation'' alias the ''ffortune''

'''allsoe''' or '''allso''' or '''also'''
- usually written as "allsoe"

'''amendment'''
- Often wrongly transcribed as "mend"
- To amend a ship is to have a ship repaired
- EXAMPLE: "to repayre and amend her"

'''answere''' or '''answer'''
- take care as to whether there is an "e" at the end or not
- 60% of the time there is an "e" (answere)

'''apparell'''
- MEANING: ship's sails

'''appurtenances'''
- many transcribers struggle with this one

'''arlate'''
- the contracted form of articulate
- MEANING: something referred to in the articles of an allegation
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===B===

'''Barbadoes''' or '''Barbados'''
- you will see both variants

'''bayles'''

'''beare sayle'''
- MEANING: to carry sail

'''beare up'''
- USAGE: a ship was requested to beare up, that is to slow down to avoid a collison or someother event

'''beleeveth''' or '''beleiveth'''
- you will see both versions

'''boatswaine''' or '''boatswayne'''
- you will see both versions
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===C===

'''captaine'''
- almost always with an "e" (captaine)

'''caske''' or '''casks'''
- a very common mistranscription is to write "caske" rather than the plural "casks"

'''certaine''' or '''certayne''' or '''certain'''
- usually with an "e" at the end

'''charterpartie''' or '''charterparty'''
- you will see both varians, and also examples of the word being written as two parts "charter partie" and "charter party"

'''Cilley''' or '''Scilley'''
- MEANING: What we now call the Scilly islands
- Transcribe with a "C" of "S" according to what you see

'''colour'''
- EXAMPLE: to colour a bill of lading
- meaning: to pretend the bill of lading is from one country, when it is from another

'''companie''' or '''companye'''
- splits 50/50
- EXAMPLE: "one of the said shipps Companie"

'''comprise''' or '''comprize'''
- you will see both variants

'''conceyveth''' or '''conceiveth'''
- you will see both versions

'''confesse'''
- MEANING: to admit to something

'''contest'''
- MEANING: the deponent who will depose after the current deponent; as opposed to the deponent's "precontest" who deposed prior to the current deponent

'''conveigh'''

'''convert'''; '''converted'''
- MEANING: legal terminology: to seize and item and to turn it to ones own use rather than the original owner's

'''course'''
- USAGE: in the ship's course for Scarborough

'''currans''' or '''currants'''?
- usually "currans", but occasionally "currants"
- currants were imported from Zant and the Morea

'''cutcheneale'''
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===D===

'''dammage'''
- almost always with a double "mm"

'''damnified'''
- MEANING: to have loss to a given value, e,g, "to be damnified to the summe of three hundred pounds sterling"

'''deponent''' or '''deponents'''
- look at the grammatical structure and check whether it is singular or plural
- MEANING: a witness in the English Admiralty Court who is being "deposed" by a proctor, that is they are giving evidence in response to the articles of a "Libell" or an "Allegation"; a witness who is responding to questions in "Interrogatories" is called a rendent; within one witness statement the witness can go from being described as a "deponent" to being a "rendent", when the proctor moves from addressing the articles of the allegation to addressing the questions of a set of Interrogatories

'''deteyned'''

'''dischardge''' or '''discharge'''
- usually has the extra "d"
- EXAMPLE: "dischardge goods at the Port of London"

'''dispoiled''' or '''dispoyled'''
- you will see both variants
- MEANING: to cause damage to, to spoil a ship and goods during seizure

'''divers''' NOT '''diverse'''

'''dollers''' or '''dollars'''
- often with an "e" ("dollers")

'''dunkerkers''' alt. '''dunkirkers'''
- MEANING: Dunkirk men of war
- Transcribe what you see, but "e" and "i" is very easily mistaken
----
===E===

'''elephants teeth'''

'''endammaged'''
- MEANING: to receive financial damage

'''eye and ear witnesse'''
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===F===

'''ff'''
- we are NOT transcribing the double "ff" as "F"
- so "ffebruary" and NOT "February" (unless of course it is written "February"); "ffrancis" not "Francis"

'''farr'''
- always with a double "rr"

'''foregoeing'''
- usually spelled with an "e", so "goeing" not "going"

'''fowerth''' or '''fourth'''
- splits 50/50

'''ffrigat''' or '''ffrigot''' or '''frigat''' or '''frigot''' or '''ffrigatt''' or '''ffrigott''' etc
- you will see all variants

'''froe'''
- USAGE: "sailing to and froe"

'''furniture'''
- MEANING: XXX

'''further''' or '''farther'''
- it is usually "further" and often mistranscribed as "farther"
- the "u" can often be quite closed up at top, causing it to be mistaken for an "a"
----
===G===

'''goe''' NOT '''goo'''
- goo is what babies like

'''gonne''' or '''gone'''
- usually with a double "nn"

'''gott'''

'''Guinney''' or '''Guinny''' or '''Ginny'''
- you will see all three variants
----
===H===

'''hee''' or '''he'''
- 60% of the time it is "hee"

'''hereafter'''

'''his''' or '''this'''
- read the letters carefully and think about the context, e.g. "his goods", not the improbable and grammatically incorrect "this goods"
- transcribers often mix these two words up

'''hither'''
- come hither, go thither

'''howbeit'''
- no longer common usage today, but you will see it in the Admiralty Court records

'''hyred'''
----
===I===

'''imbezell'''

'''imbezealled''' or '''imbezelled'''
- two variants exist

'''importune'''
- MEANING: to urge

'''Interrogatorie''' or '''Interrogatory''', but NOT '''Interrogatorrie'''
- you will see both variants

'''iojntly'''
- MEANING: "jointly"
----
===J===

'''judgement''' or '''judgment'''
- you will see both variants
----
===K===

'''knew''' or '''know'''
- LOOK VERY CAREFULLY
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===L===

'''ladeing''' or '''lading'''
- the variants are distributed roughly 50/50, so be careful

'''lemmon''' or '''lemon'''
- usually with a double "mm"
- I have seen an awful lot of "lemmons" which are in fact "linnens": quite a difference!
- If the goods come from Genoa, Saint Remo, or Spain and the word looks like "lemmons" then you are probably right

'''lett''' or '''let'''
- MEANING: to let out a ship
- USAGE: "without any let or hindrance"

'''linnen''' or '''linen'''
- usually with a double "nn"
- THINK before you transcribe: if the phrase refers to a fraile or box of "XXX" rather than bayles of "XXXX" they are "lemmons" not "linnens". Believe I have seen this mistranscription many times!

'''lost''' or '''left'''
- it is a common mistake to mistranscribe these words, chosing the wrong option
- THINK about the meaning in context and you will chose the right option
----
===M===

'''Master''' or '''master'''
- Master is often (but not always) capitalised; if so please reproduce the capitalisation

'''May''' or '''March'''
- surprisingly transcribers sometimes confuse the two months

'''merchandise''' or '''merchandize'''
- you will see both variants, but "merchandize" is more common

'''merchants''' or '''marchants'''
- you will see both variants

'''mett''' or '''met'''
- almost always with a double "t"
- EXAMPLE: "the ship was mett with a seized by a Brest man of warr"

'''ministred''' not '''ministered'''
- MEANING: to minister an oath

'''moneths''', '''monethes''', or '''months'''
- usually the first of the three variants

'''was a twelve moneths'''
- MEANING: twelve months ago

----
===N===

'''neere''' NOT '''neare'''

'''noate'''

'''noe'''
- "no" is rarely written without an "e"

'''not withstanding'''

- usually written as two words, rather than one
----
===0===

'''oportunity''' or '''opportunity'''
- you will see both variants

'''Ostenders'''
- MEANING: Ostend men of war
----
===P===

'''particulerly'''

'''peeces'''; '''pieces'''
- most common is "peeces"

'''perceaving'''

'''performance'''
- USAGE: performance of a voyage

'''periurie''' or '''perjury'''
- you will see both variants

'''persuite'''
- an "e" is often used where we would now use a "u"
- MANING : pursuit

'''Port of London'''
- the "p" in the phrase "Port of London" is often written in the Court manuscripts as a captial "P". Please transcribe as "Port of London"

'''premisses'''
- yes, it says "premisses"!
- MEANING: the facts as stated
- as in "the premisses he knoweth because"

'''precontest'''
- MEANING: the deponent who proceeded the current deponent; in contrast to the deponent's "contest" who will depose after the current deponent

'''prejudice''' or '''preiudice'''
- you will see these 50/50
EXAMPLE: "hee cometh to bee a wittnes in this cause at the request of the producent and saith hee expecteth not nor shall receive neither benefit nor prejudice whichsoever of the parties litigant prevaile in this cause"

'''proceeds'' or ''proceed''' NOT '''proceede'''
- usually "proceeds"
- EXAMPLE: the "proceeds of certaine goods"

'''procure'''
- everyone gets this one wrong, since they are not expecting it!

'''producents'''
- the individuals who have made the allegation and who have had the witnesses "produced" in Court (as opposed to the "deponents" who are the witnesses themselves being deposed in Court)

'''prosecute'''
- EXAMPLE: to prosecute a voyage

'''prosecution'''
- EXAMPLE: prosecution of a voyage

'''putt''' not '''put'''
- usually you will see this with a double "tt"
----
===Q===

'''quiett and peaceable possession'''
- stock phrase
----
===R===

'''receaved''' or '''received'''
- you will see both versions

'''rendent'''
- used when referring to a witnesses response to interrogatories (as opposed to "deponent" when responding to athe articles of an allegation or a libell)

'''repayres'''

'''risque''' or '''riske'''
- you will see both versions

'''roape'''
- much more common than "rope"

'''Rochell''' NOT '''Royall'''
- MEANING: port in France

'''romageing'''
- EXAMPLE: "romeaging among the goods on board found then that some a sugar casks on board was halfe empty of sugar"
- I love this word every time I see it!

'''rumor'''

'''running fowle'''
----
===S===

'''said''' or '''sayd'''
- probably 60% of the time "sayd"
- almost never "sayde"
- where there is the abbreviation "sd" on a page, look for an example of the expanded version on the same page and use that to exapand the contracted "sd" to that version

'''sancke''' vs. '''suncke'''
- look very carefully at the vowel after the "s"

'''sayed'''
- I have NEVER seen this actually written by the scribe, but it is an occasional mistranscription for "sayd"

'''sawe''' or '''saw'''
- almost always with an "e"

'''schedulate'''; '''schedulat'''
- very occasionally written without the "e"
- MEANING: stated in the accompanying schedule

'''she''' or '''shee'''
- the variants are distributed roughly 50/50, so be careful
- ships are referred to as "she/shee" and "her"

'''shewed''' or '''showed'''
- you will see both variants; with an "e" is more common

'''shewne''' or '''showne'''
- usually it is "shewne"

'''shipp''' or '''shipps'''
- look carefully to see if there is an "s" after the second "p"
- does the sense of the phrase suggest this is a plural?
- EXAMPLE: "one of the shipps company"

'''smale'''; '''smaler'''; or '''smalle'''
- MEANING: "small"; "smaller"
- I have seen one instance of "smalle"

'''soe''' or '''soo''' and very occasionally '''so'''
- it is NEVER "soo"
- This is a very common trancription error

'''sopra cargo''' or '''supra cargo'''; also '''sopra-cargo''' and '''supra-cargo'''
- you will see both variants
- MEANING: a merchant travelling on a ship specifically and contractually employed to look after buying and selling goods

'''sould''' or '''sold'''
- you will see both variants

'''souldiers''' not '''soldiers'''

'''stockings''' or '''stockins'''
- the first variant is more frequent

'''stuffs'''
- MEANING: materials, textiles, as in "East India stuffs"

'''subiects''' or '''subjects'''
- you will see both variants; transcribe it as you see it

'''the Straights''' or '''the Streights'''
- you will see both versions
- MEANING: refers to the straits of Gibraltar, hence "within the Straights" and "without the Straights"

'''suddainly'''

'''suite'''; '''suit'''
- MEANING: a law suit

'''surprized'''
- EXAMPLE: The ship was met with, surprized and seized"
- Usually with a "z"
----
===T===

'''tackle'''
- MEANING: ship's equipment

'''tenor'''
-EXAMPLE: "three bills of one tenor" (i.e. bills of lading all saying the same)

'''than''' or '''then'''
- Look very carefully: it is often "then"

'''thence''' NOT '''there'''
- frequently confused by transcribers with "there"
- NOTE: thence implies movement, as does "hence"

'''this''' or '''his'''
- read the letters carefully and think about the context

'''these''' or '''those'''
- You need to read the text VERY carefully, since "e" and "o" can look extraordinarily similar

'''thither'''
- not to be confused with "hither"

'''thitherwards'''

'''thredd'''
- almost never "thread"

'''three''' NOT '''there'''
- you would be surprised how many transcribers switch off their brains and write "there" when the sense is clearly a number as in "three bayles", or "three caskes of sugar"

'''tobacco''' or '''tobaccoe'''; '''tobaccos''' or '''tobaccoes'''
- both variants seen in singular, though with "e" at end more common
- pluarl almost always has "es" at end

'''togeather''' or '''together'''
- usually it is "togeather"

'''traffique'''
- MEANING: to engage in commerce, to transact

'''trecherous'''

'''twentith''' or '''twentieth'''
- don't correct "twentith" by adding an "e" if it is written without one
- it is esy to SEE letters which are not there
----
===U===

[ADD TEXT]
----
===V===

'''valew'''
- yes, that's with a "w"
- "value" is almost never used

'''voyage''' or '''voiage'''
- you will see both variants
----
===W===

'''weight''' or '''waight'''
- don't be surprised if it is "waight", as in "one hundred waight"

'''who''', '''when''', '''where'''
- Look at the sense of the phrase
- what makes grammatical sense?

'''Wittnes''' or '''Wittnesse''' or very occasionally '''witnesse'''
- You will find the variants "wittnes" and "wittnesse"
- You will never find "wittness" with two "s" but without an "e"

'''wreckt'''
----
===X===

[ADD TEXT]
----
===Y===

'''yeilded''' or '''yeelded''' NOT '''yielded'''
----
===Z===

[ADD TEXT]

----
==Capitalisation==

'''C''' or '''G'''
- Captal "C's" and capital "G's" are easily confused

'''d''' or '''D'''
- only capitalise IF it is a clear "D", even if it is the first letter of a person's name
- EXAMPLE: "david" not "David", UNLESS a clear "D"
- EXAMPLE: "december", UNLESS a clear "D"
- EXAMPLE: "doctor of Lawes"; "doctor Godolphin"

'''h''' or '''H'''
- only capitalise IF it is a clear "H", even if it is the first letter of a person's name
- so "henry" not "Henry", UNLESS a clear "H"

'''i''' or '''I'''
- "Interrogatories" is usually written with a capial "I"

'''j''' or '''J'''
- Capital "J's" are used more often than we would use them
- EXAMPLE: "Judgment"

'''m''' or '''M'''
- pay attention to the capitalisation of "m/N", especially in "master" or "Master"
- transcribe what you see

'''V'''
- recognising a capital "V" is tricky. Good luck
----
==Grammar==

* Grammar is pretty close to modern grammar, and is rigorously adhered to (as opposed to orthography, which is very variable)

* Plurals: read your work for its meaning. Have you missed the plural? Have you incorrectly transcribed in the plural, when the sense is of the singular?

* Some oddities you may come across:

'''was''' instead of '''were'''
- EXAMPLE: "there was Currans and wine and oyle to about the quantitie of sixty tonnes put aboard"

'''and further cannot depose'''
- missing out the "hee" or "he"
----
===Punctuation===

* '''hee saith, That'''
- note the comma between "saith" and "That"

----
==Common Sense==

[ADD TEXT]

HCA 13/53 f.1r Annotate

2017-10-23T19:00:36Z

PeterTaylor: Correction of Date

{{PageMetaData
|Parent volume=HCA 13/53
|Folio=1
|Side=Recto
|Status=Uploaded image; transcribed on 18/10/2017
|First transcriber=Colin Greenstreet
|First transcribed=2017/10/18
|Note=IMAGE: 100D3300_DSC_0007.jpg
}}
{{PageHelp}}
{{PageTranscription
|Transcription image={{#transcription-image: 100D3300_DSC_0007.jpg}}
|Transcription='''A'''

24th January 1636 in [xta] [?XX]

Digby con Therrye}

'''Rp. J m/.'''

'''Praise Barbone''' parochia sancta Bridgette ffleetstreet London
Letherseller aetats 38 annorum aut circiter testis in hac parte productis
iuratus et examinatus dicit quod Johend Digbye partem producen
10 annos aetaps aut eo circiter bene novit et Johem Thierry partem
con quam producit per annum aetaps aut circiter ex visu tantum novit

Ad primum secundum et reliquos arlos allonis in hac parte dat et oblat et scheduulam in ead menconate dicit et
deponit That in or about the moneth of October Anno domini 1635 arlate the arlate
John Digbye the producent did buy of this deponent the severall goods followeinge
and really payd or is to paye him for the same the severall sommes hereafter
menconned videlicet ten Cordivant Doubletts at 19 ''s'' per peece. nyne pounds, ffive
dozen and nyne payres of button gloves at 14 ''s'' per dozen, foure pounds six pence
eighte dozen of playne gloves at 7 ''s'' 6 ''d'' per dozen, three pounds, Two dozen
of Leather draivers at 25 ''s'' per dozen fiftye shillings, fower dozen of
leather stockings at 9 ''s'' per dozen, thirtye eight shillings, And nyne dozen and
nyne Spanish leather Capps at eighte shillings per dozen, three
pounds eighteene shillings, All which severall parcells of goods aforesayd were
the tyme aforesayd worth the severall sommes aforesayd, and at those rates
this deponent sould the like goods to other men And this he affirmeth uppom
his oath to be true for that he hath at the tyme of his examination in his custodye a bill of the particulars and prices Et alr nescit deponere saving he sayeth that the sayd Digbye
when he bought the sayd goods tould this deponent that he intended to send thesayd goods for Virginia and the sayd Digbye hath since shewed him letters
declaringe that the shipp the ''Constante'' in which the sayd goods were laden
to be transported therein for Virginia proved leakye and was not able to
proceed on the sayd voyage but was putt into the west Countrye and that the
sayd goods were wett and damnifyed.

per me Praise Barbon [SIGNATURE, RH SIDE]

******************************

dro dei/.

'''2s./'''

'''Rs Jne'''

'''Stephanus Moore''' parochia Sancti Andree Hubberd London Cloth
worker, aetatis 23 annorum aut circiter testis in hac parte productus
iuratus et examinatus dicit quoad Johem Digbye partem producend
oer 7 annos aetaps aut circiter novit sed Johem Thierrye partem
con quam producit E non novit ut dicit/

Ad primum secundum et reliquos arles alluis in hac parte dat et oblat
et schedulam in eadem mentonat dicit et deponit That uppon or
about the 18th day of October Anno domini <u>1635.</u> this deponent and his
partner Bryan Boden were imployed by the arlate John Digbye to
packe up the particular goods heerafter mentioned which were all packed up in
two bales, which (as the sayd Digbye then affoirmed) he intended to
dend to Virginia videlicet one broade cloath of a sinament colour contayning
thirtye yards worth in his this deponents iudgement eleaven
shillings per yard, one gray broad cloath contayninge twentye eighte
yards worth in his iudgement ten shillings per yard, ffower peeces
of coloured Cottons cotayninge one hundred thirtye thre
yards and a halfe, worth in his iudgement one shillinge foure pence
per yard, seaven yards of blacke kersey worth in his iudgement
fower shillings per yard, Ten peeces of blewe lynnen conteyninge
fourtye nyne yards and a halfe worth in his idugment fourteene pence
per yard, Twentye two yards of black bayes worth in his iudgement 2 ''s'' per yard,
Two peeces of hangings contayninge fiftye two yards , ffower peeces of
stuffe halfe silke, contaynunge nynetye one yards and a halfe And one peece
of silke saye contayninge seaventeene yards, but the vallue of the sayd hanginge [?of]
[?silke]
}}