MRP: Zante - Revision history

ColinGreenstreet at 05:51, August 27, 2012

2012-08-27T05:51:26Z

Francescagreenstreet at 23:34, January 13, 2012

2012-01-13T23:34:01Z

Francescagreenstreet at 19:13, January 10, 2012

2012-01-10T19:13:41Z

Francescagreenstreet at 19:09, January 10, 2012

2012-01-10T19:09:48Z

Francescagreenstreet at 21:34, December 27, 2011

2011-12-27T21:34:59Z

Francescagreenstreet at 21:24, December 27, 2011

2011-12-27T21:24:00Z

Francescagreenstreet at 20:55, December 27, 2011

2011-12-27T20:55:17Z

Francescagreenstreet at 15:12, December 27, 2011

2011-12-27T15:12:47Z

Francescagreenstreet at 15:10, December 27, 2011

2011-12-27T15:10:04Z

Francescagreenstreet at 15:09, December 27, 2011

2011-12-27T15:09:05Z

@@ Line 76: / Line 76: @@
 Charles Longland, writing in 1653 from Livorno to John Thurloe, mentions Zante shipping:
-- ''Here is in this port about ten Duch men of war, who intend sudenly to go out to look for som of our ships, which they conceiv may com from Newsoundland with fish, as also a ship or two going hom from Zant.''<ref>See [[MRP: 5th September 1653, Letter from Mr. Longland to secretary Thurloe|5th September 1653, Letter from Mr. Longland to secretary Thurloe]] (Thomas Birch (ed.), 'State Papers, 1653: August (5 of 5)', ''A collection of the State Papers of John Thurloe'', vol. 1: 1638-1653 (London, 1742), pp. 435-445. URL: http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=55271 Date accessed: 20 December 2011) </ref>
+- ''Here is in this port about ten Duch men of war, who intend sudenly to go out to look for som of our ships, which they conceiv may com from Newfoundland with fish, as also a ship or two going hom from Zant.''<ref>See [[MRP: 5th September 1653, Letter from Mr. Longland to secretary Thurloe|5th September 1653, Letter from Mr. Longland to secretary Thurloe]] (Thomas Birch (ed.), 'State Papers, 1653: August (5 of 5)', ''A collection of the State Papers of John Thurloe'', vol. 1: 1638-1653 (London, 1742), pp. 435-445. URL: http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=55271 Date accessed: 20 December 2011) </ref>
 '''Phillip Williams'''

@@ Line 18: / Line 18: @@
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 ==Images==
-===Map===
+===Graecia, Atlas Minor, Mercatoris, 1634===
-Insert '''Map of situation'''
 [[File:MAP_Atlas_Minor_Gerardi_Mercatoris_Graecia_Amsterdam_1634_p555_DL_CSG_061211.PNG|Graecia, Gerardi Mercatoris, Atlas Minor (Amsterdam, 1634)]]
 ===Townplan===
 Insert '''Town plan'''
+-----
 ===Townscape===
 Insert '''Townscape'''
+-----
 ===Image credits & copyright information===
-Graecia plate in Gerardi Mercatoris, ''Atlas Minor'' (Amsterdam, 1634), p. 555
+(1) Graecia plate in Gerardi Mercatoris, ''Atlas Minor'' (Amsterdam, 1634), p. 555
 - Book and image are out of copyright
 - Sourced from a Google Free E-book copy
 ----
 ==Town profile==

@@ Line 10: / Line 10: @@
 ----
-===Suggested links===
+==Suggested links==
 See [[MRP: Livorno|Livorno]]
@@ Line 17: / Line 17: @@
 ----
-===Images===
+==Images==
-====Map====
+===Map===
 Insert '''Map of situation'''
 [[File:MAP_Atlas_Minor_Gerardi_Mercatoris_Graecia_Amsterdam_1634_p555_DL_CSG_061211.PNG|Graecia, Gerardi Mercatoris, Atlas Minor (Amsterdam, 1634)]]
-====Townplan====
+===Townplan===
 Insert '''Town plan'''
-====Townscape====
+===Townscape===
 Insert '''Townscape'''
-====Image credits & copyright information====
+===Image credits & copyright information===
-Add '''Image credits & copyright information'''
+Graecia plate in Gerardi Mercatoris, ''Atlas Minor'' (Amsterdam, 1634), p. 555
-−
 Graecia plate in Gerardi Mercatoris, Atlas Minor (Amsterdam, 1634), p. 555
 - Book and image are out of copyright
 - Sourced from a Google Free E-book copy
 ----
-===Town profile===
+==Town profile==
 ----
-===Notes===
+==Notes==
-====Early nineteenth century descriptions of Zante and its trade====
+===Early nineteenth century descriptions of Zante and its trade===
 '''''A general dictionary of commerce, trade, and manufactures'' (London, 1810): entry on 'Zante''''
@@ Line 51: / Line 49: @@
 ''Cephalonia.''--The chief production of this island, which is situated near Zante, is currants, similar to the produce of the latter.  Cephalonia is likewise fertile in olives and in vines, but especially in that species of vine called by the French ''muscat rouge'', or red muscadine.  The merchants of Zante purchase all the currants produced in Cephalonia, and hence this island has no commerce of its own, in a direct way, even with Italy.  Cephalonia or Argostoli is the principal port."<ref>Thomas Mortimer, ''A general dictionary of commerce, trade, and manufactures: exhibiting their present state in every part of the world; and carefully comp. from the latest and best authorities'' (London, 1810), unpaginated, section Europe, Google p. 178.  See http://books.google.co.uk/ebooks/reader?id=FdovAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&pg=GBS.RA7-PA10-178, viewed 27/12/11</ref>
+-----
+===Early nineteenth century description of Venice to Morea and onwards trade===
-'''Early nineteenth century description of Venice to Morea and onwards trade'''
 "MOREA
@@ Line 65: / Line 62: @@
 Currants, it has been observed, are a considerable article of export from the Morea; Petrasso is one of the best ports to ship them from; the fruit is rather larger and more free from and or gravel, than that of either Zante or Corfu.  They are shipped in various sized casks, from twenty hundred weight to fifty pounds.  The quantity shipped must weight above five hundred weight net, otherwise, they are liable to seizure.  The casks are always included in the weight of the fruit, and paid for as such; the Morea currants have the preference in most countries, except England, where the Zante currants are more merchantable."<ref>Joseph Blunt, ''The merchant's and shipmaster's assistant: containing information useful to the American merchants, owners, and masters of ships'' (New York, 1822), p. 411.  See http://books.google.co.uk/ebooks/reader?id=iytLAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&pg=GBS.PA411, viewed 27/12/11</ref>
+----
-====Merchants trading with Zante====
+===Merchants trading with Zante===
 '''Charles Longland'''
@@ Line 87: / Line 84: @@
 "To the third Interr this depon:t sayth that he hath often heard and beleiveth that Jacob Searle the Nephew in the Interr named was aboute Eight or Nyne and Twenty yeares since as this depon:t remembreth taken captive by the Turkes as he was cominge out of Zante beinge loaden as this Depon:t hath heard into ??carracs & ?carried into Trippoly"<ref>See [[MRP: C20/803/34 f. 7|C20/803/34 f. 7]]</ref>
+----
-====The Legorne Merchant voyaging to Zante, 1668-1669====
+===The Legorne Merchant voyaging to Zante, 1668-1669===
 '''The Legorne Merchant'''
@@ Line 95: / Line 92: @@
 - See [[MRP: C10/160/41 f. 1|C10/160/41 f. 1]] (Chancery suit concerning the chartering of the ''Legorne Merchant'' in December 1668 for a nine month voyage to the Mediterranean.  The ship's late departure, lead to the ship's late arrival in Zant, and allegedly led to the purchase of currants in Zant at higher than necessary prices and their subsequent sale in London at lower than expected prices
 - See [[MRP: C10/160/41 f. 3|C10/160/41 f. 3]] Voyage accounts for the ''Legorne Merchant'', December 1668-September 1669, including disbursements in Zante
+----
-====The Spanish trade links to the Zante currant trade====
+===The Spanish trade links to the Zante currant trade===
 '''The Spanish Company'''
 Pauline Croft comments in her study of the Spanish Company on the close link between Spain and the expanding (east) Mediterranean trade in the early C17th, and notes that the puchase of currants from Zante was dependent on trade with Spain, since currant purchase was "largely financed by the dollars and pieces of eight picked up en route at ports such as Lisbon, Cadiz, Malaga and Alicante".  Crofts adds "A third of the charter members of the revived Levant Company of 1605 were also members of the Spanish Company, and the proportion would probably have been higher had not the latter been abolished soon after the incorporation of the former."<ref>Pauline Croft (ed.), 'Introduction: The revival of the company, 1604-6', ''The Spanish Company'', London Record Society 9 (?London, 1973), pp. XXIX-LI. URL: http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=63965 Date accessed: 07 December 2011, citing Morton Epstein, ''Levant Company'' (London, 1908), pp. 158–60.</ref>
+----
-====Modern historiography of Zante====
+===Modern historiography of Zante===
 "The island of Zante was the centre of the [Levant] Company's trade in the dominions of Venice.  English ships had frequented it as far back as 1533, and there were factors living on the island at least as early as 1586.  In 1616 and again in 1626 a native was appointed to act as vice-consul there by the Levant Company, but the first Englishman to hold the office seems to have been John Cowley, nominated in 1628.  The climate was an unhealthy one, and the mortality among the factors was high; but the demand for currants in England, and to a lesser extent in Holland, drew the English and Dutch there, and a large traffic was done which made the island rich in itself and a little gold-mine for its Venetian rulers.  Cloth, lead, and tin were the chief articles bartered by the English merchants at Zante for the currants, honey, wax, oil, and wine which the island produced, but as we have seen the export of currants was so great that a great balance had to be paid every year in cash.  Many deplored the passion for this 'liquorish stuff' which poured such vast sums of English money into 'these holes' (as Roe stigmatized Zante and its neighbouring isles) and condemned their countreymen 'who forsooth can hardly digest bread, pastries, broth and bag-puddings without those currants'.  But currants, like tea at a later date, pleased the palates of the English public, and the laments of economists and moralists all failed to stem the traffic."<ref>Alfred C. Wood, ''A history of the Levant Company'' (London, 1964), pp. 66-67</ref>
 ----
-===Suggested image sources===
+==Suggested image sources==
 '''TNA'''
@@ Line 114: / Line 111: @@
 ----
-===Suggested primary sources===
+==Suggested primary sources==
 '''Parliamentary Archives'''
@@ Line 147: / Line 144: @@
 - John Bromhall, Henry Hyde, Grenling Tyndall and Henry Norris in Zante [Ionian Isles] to [the same] Ambassador in Venice, 13th July 1637; John Bromhall, William Burdett (? Consul), Grenling Tyndall, Martin Lobery, Henry Campion, John Kent and William Freeman in Zant to the same as before, 12th Jan. 1637/8; Henry Hyde in Zante to [the same], 5th March 1638: all concerning the unjust treatment of Henry Hyde, an English merchant, by the authorities.  CR 2017/C56/1-3  1637-1638
 ----
-===Suggested secondary sources===
+==Suggested secondary sources==
 '''Books'''

@@ Line 21: / Line 21: @@
 Insert '''Map of situation'''
-[[File:MAP_Atlas_Minor_Gerardi_Mercatoris_Graecia_Amsterdam_1634_p555_DL_CSG_061211.PNG|thumbnail|650px|none|Graecia, Gerardi Mercatoris, Atlas Minor (Amsterdam, 1634)]]
+[[File:MAP_Atlas_Minor_Gerardi_Mercatoris_Graecia_Amsterdam_1634_p555_DL_CSG_061211.PNG|Graecia, Gerardi Mercatoris, Atlas Minor (Amsterdam, 1634)]]
 ====Townplan====
@@ Line 35: / Line 35: @@
 Add '''Image credits & copyright information'''
-Graecia plate in Gerardi Mercatoris, Atlas Minor (Amsterdam, 1634), p. 555; out of copyright book and image
+Graecia plate in Gerardi Mercatoris, Atlas Minor (Amsterdam, 1634), p. 555
 ----
 ===Town profile===

@@ Line 151: / Line 151: @@
 Blunt, Joseph,  ''The merchant's and shipmaster's assistant: containing information useful to the American merchants, owners, and masters of ships'' (New York, 1822)
 Croft, Pauline  (ed.), ''The Spanish Company'', London Record Society 9 (?London, 1973)
 [http://www.archive.org/stream/raisinindustrypr00eise#page/n5/mode/2up Eisen, Gustav, ''The raisin industry: a practical treatise on the raisin grapes, their history, culture and curing'' (San Francisco, 1890)]
 - 'Corinth and currants' (pp. 22-29)

@@ Line 84: / Line 84: @@
 '''Deposition on captivity of Jacob Searle, made at Plymouth, 30 Charles II'''
-"To the third Interr this depon:t sayth that he hath often heard and beleiveth that Jacob Searle the Nephew in the Interr named was aboute Eight or Nyne and Twenty yeares since as this depon:t remembreth taken captive by the Turkes as he was cominge out of Zante beinge loaden as this Depon:t hath heard into ??carracs & ?carried into Trippoly"<ref>See[[MRP: C20/803/34 f. 7|C20/803/34 f. 7]]</ref>
+"To the third Interr this depon:t sayth that he hath often heard and beleiveth that Jacob Searle the Nephew in the Interr named was aboute Eight or Nyne and Twenty yeares since as this depon:t remembreth taken captive by the Turkes as he was cominge out of Zante beinge loaden as this Depon:t hath heard into ??carracs & ?carried into Trippoly"<ref>See [[MRP: C20/803/34 f. 7|C20/803/34 f. 7]]</ref>
 ====The Legorne Merchant voyaging to Zante, 1668-1669====

@@ Line 107: / Line 107: @@
 ===Suggested image sources===
 ----
@@ Line 131: / Line 133: @@
 PROB 11/411 fane 147-194 Will of William Curties, now belonging to the Good Ship Zante Frigate, a Merchantman 09 September 1692
 PROB 11/440 Pyne 178-218 Will of James Evans, Seaman now belonging to the good Ship called the Zant Frigate, a Merchant Man 23 October 1697
 SP 98/4 Kent to [?]: 2 letters, for consuls at Zante and Cephalonia 1663 Aug 13

@@ Line 102: / Line 102: @@
 ====Modern historiography of Zante====
-"The island of Zante was the centre of the [Levant] Company's trade in the dominions of venice.  English ships had frequented it as far back as 1533, and there were factors living on the island at least as early as 1586.  In 1616 and again in 1626 a native was appointed to act as vice-consul there by the Levant Company, but the first Englishman to hold the office seems to have been John Cowley, nominated in 1628.  The climate was an unhealthy one, and the mortality among the factors was high; but the demand for currants in England, and to a lesser extent in Holland, drew the English and Dutch there, and a large traffice was done which made the island rich in itself and a little gold-mine for its Venetian rulers.  Cloth, lead, and tin were the chief articles bartered by the English merchants at Zante for the currants, honey, wax, oil, and wine which the island produced, but as we have seen the export of currants was so great that a great balance had to be paid every year in cash.  Many deplored the passion for this 'liquorish stuff' which poured such vast sums of English money into 'these holes' 8as Roe stigmatized Zante and its neighbouring isles) and condemned their countreymen 'who forsooth can hardly digest bread, pastries, broth and bag-puddings without those currants'.  But currants, like tea at a later date, pleased the palates of the English public, and the laments of economists and moralists all failed to stem the traffic."<ref>Alfred C. Wood, ''A history of the Levant Company'' (London, 1964), pp. 66-67</ref>
+"The island of Zante was the centre of the [Levant] Company's trade in the dominions of Venice.  English ships had frequented it as far back as 1533, and there were factors living on the island at least as early as 1586.  In 1616 and again in 1626 a native was appointed to act as vice-consul there by the Levant Company, but the first Englishman to hold the office seems to have been John Cowley, nominated in 1628.  The climate was an unhealthy one, and the mortality among the factors was high; but the demand for currants in England, and to a lesser extent in Holland, drew the English and Dutch there, and a large traffice was done which made the island rich in itself and a little gold-mine for its Venetian rulers.  Cloth, lead, and tin were the chief articles bartered by the English merchants at Zante for the currants, honey, wax, oil, and wine which the island produced, but as we have seen the export of currants was so great that a great balance had to be paid every year in cash.  Many deplored the passion for this 'liquorish stuff' which poured such vast sums of English money into 'these holes' (as Roe stigmatized Zante and its neighbouring isles) and condemned their countreymen 'who forsooth can hardly digest bread, pastries, broth and bag-puddings without those currants'.  But currants, like tea at a later date, pleased the palates of the English public, and the laments of economists and moralists all failed to stem the traffic."<ref>Alfred C. Wood, ''A history of the Levant Company'' (London, 1964), pp. 66-67</ref>
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 ===Suggested primary sources===
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 ===Suggested secondary sources===