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| − | ==Our volunteers==
| + | __TOC__ |
| − | | + | |
| − | '''MarineLives is a collaborative volunteer driven project. The project started as a spinoff from a National Archives hackathon in early 2012. We are dedicated to the collaborative transcription, linkage and enrichment of primary manuscripts from the High Court of Admiralty, 1650-1669 (with some excursions into data from the 1630s and 1640s).'''
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | Currently, we have just over 10,000 images available (29 GB) and 11,400 pages of full text transcriptions on the MarineLives wiki.
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | Please [http://marinelives.org/wiki/Special:MarineLivesContact contact us] if you would like to learn more about this summer's project and how you can help, or if you would more generally like to learn about the work of MarineLives volunteers.
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | <div style="float: right; vertical-align: bottom; margin-left: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; background:#dcdcdc; border: 1px solid #b0c4de; width: 230px;">
| + | |
| − | <div style="background: #b0c4de; padding: 5px 10px 5px 10px; font-size: larger; font-weight: bold;">Our volunteers</div>
| + | |
| − | <div style="padding: 10px;">
| + | |
| − | <div style="font-size: normal;">'''Our volunteers make the MarineLives project special. Do please [http://marinelives.org/contact-us.html contact us] if you would like to discuss volunteering, or if you have ideas to improve our wiki.'''</div>
| + | |
| − | We would like to recognise and thank all those who have contributed to our project (in alphabetical order), whether as volunteer transcribers, annotators, commentators, advisors, interviewees, or PhD Forum participants.
| + | |
| | ---- | | ---- |
| − | Dr Aquiles Alencar-Brayner
| + | ==MarineLives Online Research Seminar: Thursday, April 25th 2022== |
| − | Dr Roberta Anderson
| + | |
| − | Deborah Ashby
| + | |
| − | Dr Gary Baker
| + | |
| − | Rachel Bates
| + | |
| − | Rowan Beentje
| + | |
| − | Michael Bennett
| + | |
| − | Dr Richard Blakemore
| + | |
| − | Lior Blum
| + | |
| − | Katie Broke
| + | |
| − | Dr James Brown
| + | |
| − | Dr Andy Burn
| + | |
| − | Elio Calcagno
| + | |
| − | Michelle María Early Capistrán
| + | |
| − | Rachel Carter
| + | |
| − | Giovanni Colavizza
| + | |
| − | Dr Justin Colson
| + | |
| − | Thierry Daunois
| + | |
| − | Dr John Davies
| + | |
| − | Thomas Davies
| + | |
| − | Jonathan Dent
| + | |
| − | Melvyn Dresner
| + | |
| − | Dr Stuart Dunn
| + | |
| − | Professor Kai Eckert
| + | |
| − | Bob Egan
| + | |
| − | Dr Charlene Eska
| + | |
| − | Louise Falcini
| + | |
| − | Emilie-Jane Farrimond
| + | |
| − | Dr Janet Few
| + | |
| − | Sara Fox
| + | |
| − | Dr Anthony Firth
| + | |
| − | Dr Ian Friel
| + | |
| − | Professor Cheryl Fury
| + | |
| − | Steve Garnett
| + | |
| − | Dr Perry Gauci
| + | |
| − | Marja Geesink
| + | |
| − | Jaap Geraerts
| + | |
| − | Jamie LH Goodall
| + | |
| − | Guy Grannum
| + | |
| − | Colin Greenstreet
| + | |
| − | Francesca Greenstreet
| + | |
| − | Dr Adam Grimshaw
| + | |
| − | Karen Gunnell
| + | |
| − | Yerevag Hagopian
| + | |
| − | Dr Liam Haydon
| + | |
| − | Phillipa Hellawell
| + | |
| − | Dr Helmer Helmers
| + | |
| − | Dr Philip Hnatkovich
| + | |
| − | Rachel E. Holmes
| + | |
| − | Dr Jenni Hyde
| + | |
| − | Steve Ives
| + | |
| − | Alex Jackson
| + | |
| − | Stefan Jäggi
| + | |
| − | Elin Jones
| + | |
| − | Sue Jones
| + | |
| − | Ross Keel
| + | |
| − | Dr Patricia Keller
| + | |
| − | William Kellett
| + | |
| − | Sara J Kerr
| + | |
| − | John Kuhn
| + | |
| − | Dr Craig Lambert
| + | |
| − | John Layt
| + | |
| − | Sjoerd Levelt
| + | |
| − | John Levin
| + | |
| − | Grace Mallon
| + | |
| − | Simon Marsh
| + | |
| − | Dr Alan Marshall
| + | |
| − | John Miller
| + | |
| − | Anne Mills
| + | |
| − | Kate Morant
| + | |
| − | [http://www.marinelives.org/wiki/User:MatthiasMuellerProve Matthias Müller-Prove]
| + | |
| − | Professor Steve Murdoch
| + | |
| − | Dr Shavana Musa
| + | |
| − | Harriet Richardson
| + | |
| − | Gordon O'Sullivan
| + | |
| − | Dr Katherine Parker
| + | |
| − | David Pashley
| + | |
| − | Dr Cathryn Pearce
| + | |
| − | Nga Phan-Bellis
| + | |
| − | Professor Simone Paolo Ponzetto
| + | |
| − | Jo Pugh
| + | |
| − | Patrizia Rebulla
| + | |
| − | Dr Benjamin Redding
| + | |
| − | Bethan Reynolds
| + | |
| − | Daniel Richards
| + | |
| − | Andrew Richens
| + | |
| − | Dr Mia Ridge
| + | |
| − | Dominique Ritze
| + | |
| − | Dr Gavin Robinson
| + | |
| − | Margaret Schotte
| + | |
| − | Steven Schrum
| + | |
| − | Laura Seymour
| + | |
| − | Ida Sjoberg
| + | |
| − | Dr Edmond Smith
| + | |
| − | Dr Craig Spence
| + | |
| − | Daniel Stewart-Roberts
| + | |
| − | Dr Chad Stolper
| + | |
| − | Peter Taylor
| + | |
| − | Roger Towner
| + | |
| − | Alexis Truax
| + | |
| − | Dr William Tullett
| + | |
| − | Oliver Turner
| + | |
| − | Dr Brodie Waddell
| + | |
| − | Samuel Watson
| + | |
| − | Jill Wilcox
| + | |
| − | Royline Williams-Fontenelle
| + | |
| − | Ad van der Zee
| + | |
| − | Dr Kathrin Zickermann
| + | |
| − | Dr Suze Zijlstra
| + | |
| − | Cäcilia Zirn
| + | |
| − | and the ever helpful but anonymous [https://twitter.com/_mapnut @_mapnut]
| + | |
| − | </div>
| + | |
| − | </div>
| + | |
| | | | |
| − | ---- | + | '''We are holding an online research seminar at the end of April to introduce and demonstrate the SOLM-2024 Admiralty Court Database''' |
| − | ==Summer challenge, 2017: How to make money in C17th commercial shipping?==
| + | |
| | | | |
| − | '''This summer the MarineLives project team is looking at the drivers of profit and loss in C17th commercial shipping. We will publish as we go and welcome comments, contradiction, and offers of help and data.'''
| + | [[File:Seminar Agenda 05042024.JPG]] |
| | ---- | | ---- |
| − | ==Early results from our work== | + | ==Who will benefit from attending this seminar?== |
| | | | |
| − | <div style="float: left; vertical-align: bottom; margin-right: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; background:#dcdcdc; border: 1px solid #b0c4de; width: 1000px;">
| + | '''This seminar is intended for doctoral students, post-docs and early career scholars interested in exploring the potential of English High Court of Admiralty material''' |
| − | <div style="background: #b0c4de; padding: 5px 10px 5px 10px; font-size: larger; font-weight: bold;">How much was spent on victuals per man per month on C17th commercial ships?</div>
| + | |
| − | <div style="padding: 10px;">
| + | |
| − | <div style="font-famil:Garamond; font-size: normal;">'''This is a tough question, and one we are approaching through case studies from High Court of Admiralty sources. Our best answer to date is somewhere between £1.12 and £1.44 per month per crew member.'''</div>
| + | |
| − | [[File:Roebuck Ver2 10082017.JPG|700px|thumbnail|left|]] A case study of the ship the ''Roebuck'' (1647-1649) on a lengthy voyage in the Northern and Southern Atlantic comes up with victuals at £1.32 per month per crew member (including the master), compared with wages of £1.56 per month per crew member (including the master).
| + | |
| | | | |
| − | This puts victuals (that is food and drink) at 86% of wages, a proportion which is higher than suggested by examination of French naval accounts.
| + | Participants will: |
| | | | |
| − | Further work is clearly required, and we welcome comment from academics and non-academics on our data and analysis.
| + | 1. Receive a free copy of the 24,000 deponent, 10,000 ship database (SOLM-2024) to support their personal research, in advance of the seminar |
| | | | |
| − | '''Thanks to [https://twitter.com/Prof_Murdoch/status/895574120238370816 Professor Steve Murdoch], [https://twitter.com/BenjaminRedding/status/895585315150151680 Dr Benjamin Redding], [https://twitter.com/TudorWench/status/895642607723982852 Professor Cheryl Fury] and [https://twitter.com/statepapers71/status/895632552429588480 Steve Garnett] for their comments and suggestions.'''
| + | 2. Guidance at the seminar on how the database is structured, and how it can best be searched and used to address research questions |
| − | </div>
| + | |
| − | </div>
| + | |
| | | | |
| − | <div style="float: left; vertical-align: bottom; margin-right: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; background:#dcdcdc; border: 1px solid #b0c4de; width: 1000px;">
| + | 3. Hands on experience of using the database, with free online access to 30,000 images which support the database |
| − | <div style="background: #b0c4de; padding: 5px 10px 5px 10px; font-size: larger; font-weight: bold;">What size were the ships?</div>
| + | |
| − | <div style="padding: 10px;">
| + | |
| − | <div style="font-famil:Garamond; font-size: normal;">'''The starting point of our work this summer has been to create a semi-structured database containing quantitative and qualitative data about commercial and naval ships mentioned in English High Court of Admiralty documents between 1630 and 1669. This database draws on the work of our volunteers over the last five years, with transcriptions of depositions, charter parties, and bills of sale forming the main source of data for the database.'''</div>
| + | |
| − | [[File:Ship Size Ver2 10072017.JPG|700px|thumbnail|left|]] We have ship tonnage data for 429 ships, of which the vast majority are commercial (n=407) and a small group are naval (n=22), mainly ships in the immediate service of the English Commonwealth, together with English private men of war, and a smattering of non-English naval vessels.
| + | |
| | | | |
| − | There are two clear peaks in the data for commercial ships - the first peak is in the 55 to 99 ton burthen category and the second peak is in the 200 to 249 ton burthen category.
| + | 4. Ongoing support for seminar participants after the seminar as they further explore and use the database |
| | | | |
| − | Admiralty Court witnesses refer to ships of 50 and 60 tons as "small" and ships of 300 to 350 tons and above as "large". The smallest ton burthen category in our analysis (1-49 ton burthen) contains lighters, some barges and hoys, and other small river and coastal vessels.
| + | ---- |
| | + | ==Users Guide to SOLM-2024 database== |
| | | | |
| − | </div>
| + | [[Users Guide to SOLM-2024 database]] |
| − | </div>
| + | |
| | | | |
| − | <div style="float: left; vertical-align: bottom; margin-right: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; background:#dcdcdc; border: 1px solid #b0c4de; width: 1000px;">
| + | ---- |
| − | <div style="background: #b0c4de; padding: 5px 10px 5px 10px; font-size: larger; font-weight: bold;">What size were the ships over time?</div>
| + | |
| − | <div style="padding: 10px;">
| + | |
| − | <div style="font-famil:Garamond; font-size: normal;">'''We have taken a look at our growing database of commercial and naval ships from the early and mid-C17th to look for patterns over time. We still need to code by latest year of tonnage data for all the now four hundred and eight-one ships for which we have tonnage information in our database. But, for two hundred and ninety-eight of these ships, we have some basic patterns'''</div>
| + | |
| − | [[File:Size Ships Over Time 31072017.JPG|700px|thumbnail|left|]] The average burthen of these two hundred and sixteen ships is 183 tons (compared with 175 tons for the full four hundred and eighty one ships in our database).
| + | |
| | | | |
| − | The average burthen for ships whose latest tonnage information is in the 1630s = 176 tons (n = 54)
| + | ==What we would like in return?== |
| | | | |
| − | The average burthen for ships whose latest tonnage information is in the 1640s = 169 tons (n = 28)
| + | '''In return the MarineLives project would appreciate:''' |
| | | | |
| − | The average burthen for ships whose latest tonnage information is in the 1650s = 191 tons (n = 191)
| + | 1. Your commitment to working collaboratively as you explore your own research questions |
| | | | |
| − | The average burthen for ships whose latest tonnage information is in the 1660s = 161 tons (n = 24)
| + | 2. Your willingness to offer suggestions on how to improve the database |
| | | | |
| | + | * Thematically |
| | + | * Searchability |
| | + | * Usability |
| | + | ---- |
| | + | ==What you will learn from attending the MarineLives online seminar on April 25th 2024== |
| | | | |
| − | </div>
| + | '''For the next two weeks we will be adding content to this section to illustrate the potential of the SOLM-2024 database. Today we are starting with Historical Geography.''' |
| − | </div>
| + | |
| | | | |
| − | <div style="float: left; vertical-align: bottom; margin-right: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; background:#dcdcdc; border: 1px solid #b0c4de; width: 1000px;"> | + | <u>1. How to explore Early Modern Historical Geography using the SOLM-2024 database</u> |
| − | <div style="background: #b0c4de; padding: 5px 10px 5px 10px; font-size: larger; font-weight: bold;">Where were ships claiming to be English built and bought?</div>
| + | |
| − | <div style="padding: 10px;">
| + | |
| − | <div style="font-famil:Garamond; font-size: normal;">'''We have some limited information on the location of the building of ships (n = 39) and the ports where the ships were bought (n = 22). Ports of building and purchase are most frequently mentioned in cases of seizure and our data is heavily skewed towards non-English locations for building and purchase of ships. We present these information here, which are for the period 1638 to 1659.''' Be aware that there are a further four hundred and thirty-eight ships in our database claiming to be English for which we do not have port of building information, and most of these will have been build in England. Furthermore, there are four hundred and forty-six ships claiming to be English for which we have no information on where purchased, either from the stocks or on the secondary market for ships.</div>
| + | |
| | | | |
| − | [[File:Where Built & Bought 29072017.JPG|950px|thumbnail|center|]]The left-hand side chart shows the location of the building of ships claimed to be English. It excludes ships claiming to be Irish, Scottish or Welsh.
| + | PEOPLE |
| | | | |
| − | The English locations for building include Norfolk, Suffolk, Essex, London and surrounds, and Suffolk. These data miss other obvious locations for ship building in England such as Newcastle, Devon and Dorset. Undoubtedly, ships contained in our High Court of Admralty database were built at these locations, but in the absence of specific confirmation they are excluded. The non-English locations for building are dominated by the United Provinces (Holland and Zeeland) and the Spanish Netherlands (Flanders).
| + | * 24,000 deponents with current place of abode at level of parish and town |
| | + | * 2258 deponents with current place of abode identifed and length of time spent at that place |
| | + | * 1675 deponents with place of birth identified |
| | | | |
| − | The right-hand side chart shows the foreign ports where a number of ships claiming to be English were purchased. The data are dominated by the United Provinces, Dunkirk and Norway. These data under-represent the number of ships claiming to be English purchased from Norwegian owners, since a number of Norwegian owned ships were sailed to London and sold in the port of London, rather than in Norwegian ports.
| + | SHIPS |
| | | | |
| − | </div>
| + | * 13,989 ship voyages linked to specific deponents with full or partial nodal descriptions |
| − | </div>
| + | * 8,589 depositions linked to named ships which are affiliated with specific ports of ownership |
| | | | |
| − | <div style="float: left; vertical-align: bottom; margin-right: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; background:#dcdcdc; border: 1px solid #b0c4de; width: 1000px;">
| + | MATERIALS |
| − | <div style="background: #b0c4de; padding: 5px 10px 5px 10px; font-size: larger; font-weight: bold;">Where were the home ports for ships in our High Court of Admiralty database?</div>
| + | |
| − | <div style="padding: 10px;">
| + | |
| − | <div style="font-famil:Garamond; font-size: normal;">'''Our MarineLives wiki contains ships from many different home ports and countries for the period 1620-1669. We have home port and quantitative information for perhaps ten percent of all ships mentioned in the wiki. We have analysed the ships for which we have quantitative data by home port.'''</div>
| + | |
| − | [[File:Where Home Ports Ver2 21072017.JPG|700px|thumbnail|left|]] One hundred eighty four of the ships are English, from thirteen ports; sixty-one are from the United Provinces (Amsterdam, Flushing, Rotterdam, Middleburg, Tervier, Horne, Delft); forty-two are German, from the free Hansa cities of Hamburg and Lubeck; ten are from Sweden and its dominions (Gotenburg, Masterland, Stettin, Stralsund); six are from France (Saint Malo, Brest); and three are from the Spanish Netherlands (Ostend).
| + | |
| | | | |
| − | </div>
| + | * 3,472 depositions linked to named ships with the voyage nodal patterns fully or partially identified and ship ladings identified for specific ports |
| − | </div>
| + | |
| | | | |
| − | <div style="float: left; vertical-align: bottom; margin-right: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; background:#dcdcdc; border: 1px solid #b0c4de; width: 1000px;">
| + | - '''We are growing this section on the geography and character of ship ladings in response to the geographical interests of database users. Participants in our online seminar on April 25th 2024 will have a chance to influence this according to their research interests''' |
| − | <div style="background: #b0c4de; padding: 5px 10px 5px 10px; font-size: larger; font-weight: bold;">What size were the smaller commercial ships?</div>
| + | |
| − | <div style="padding: 10px;">
| + | |
| − | <div style="font-famil:Garamond; font-size: normal;">'''High Court of Admiralty witnesses sometimes describe commercial vessels using specialised vocabulary. For example, hoys, lighters, and ketches. We have analysed these data to explore ship size by specialised type.'''</div>
| + | |
| − | [[File:Commercial Ship Size 14072017.JPG|700px|thumbnail|left|]] We have ship tonnage data for forty commercial vessels classified by vessel type. Clearly the sample sizes are very small for many of these vessel types.
| + | |
| | | | |
| − | We would be interested in our readers comments on these data.
| |
| | | | |
| − | Are the averages and ranges in the same ballpark as data in the hands of our readers, both from the C17th and earlier and later periods?
| + | MICROHISTORY |
| | | | |
| − | What can you tell us about the use to which these different types of commercial vessel were put?
| + | * Depositions related to: |
| | + | - The Royal Exchange (and Exchanges elsewhere in continental Europe) |
| | + | - Customs Houses |
| | + | - Taverns, inns and victualling houses |
| | + | - Private homes |
| | + | - Warehouses and cellars |
| | + | - Wharves and keys |
| | + | - Shops |
| | | | |
| − | Riverine versus coastal versus longer distance use? Cargo types? Crew and gun levels? Rental rates?
| + | [[File:Length Of Time Resident 07042024.JPG|1300px|thumb|left|]] |
| | | | |
| − | </div>
| + | [[File:Place Of Ship 07042024.JPG|1300px|thumb|left|]] |
| − | </div>
| + | |
| | | | |
| − | <div style="float: left; vertical-align: bottom; margin-right: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; background:#dcdcdc; border: 1px solid #b0c4de; width: 1000px;">
| + | [[File:Voyage Nodal Points TWO 07042024.JPG|1300px|thumb|left|]] |
| − | <div style="background: #b0c4de; padding: 5px 10px 5px 10px; font-size: larger; font-weight: bold;">How much did it cost to transport a ton of goods between ports?</div>
| + | |
| − | <div style="padding: 10px;">
| + | |
| − | <div style="font-famil:Garamond; font-size: normal;">'''C17th commercial ships could be rented by the month or by the voyage, or freight tonnage could be purchased for a voyage for a specific commodity type. We have collected freight rates for different types of commodity and for different port to port combinations and present our early analysis here. Most of our observations are from the period 1650 to 1666.'''</div>
| + | |
| − | [[File:Freight Rates Per Ton 18072017.JPG|600px|thumbnail|left|]] | + | |
| | | | |
| − | Our current dataset for tonnage based freight rates consists of forty-four observations for a range of fine, coarse and bulk goods.
| + | [[File:Ladings By Geography 07042024.JPG|1300px|thumb|left|]] |
| | | | |
| − | They cover short transportation distances, such as London to Rouen and Kingsale in Ireland to London through medium distances, such as Cyprus and Scanderoone to London and Brazil to Lisbon, and long distances, such as Bantam in the East Indies to London.
| + | [[File:Micor History 07042024.JPG|1300px|thumb|left|]] |
| | | | |
| − | The outbreak of war had significant impact on tonnage based freight rates. For example, war between England and the United Provinces in the early 1650s, sharply pushed up freight rates on galls and cotton wool from the Eastern Mediterranean to London.
| + | ---- |
| | | | |
| − | Driving the higher freight rates during times of war was the need to have higher manning levels on ships, higher mariner wages per man, and higher gun intensity per tun of ship burthen.
| + | ==This is a list of people who are confirmed participants in the seminar== |
| | | | |
| − | </div>
| + | [[File:Seminar Participants 05042024.JPG]] |
| − | </div>
| + | ---- |
| − | | + | '''If for any reason you need to drop out unexpectedly prior to the seminar, please give us at least a couple of days notice so we can fill your space''' |
| − | <div style="float: left; vertical-align: bottom; margin-right: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; background:#dcdcdc; border: 1px solid #b0c4de; width: 1000px;">
| + | |
| − | <div style="background: #b0c4de; padding: 5px 10px 5px 10px; font-size: larger; font-weight: bold;">How much did it cost to transport a ton of goods between ports?</div>
| + | |
| − | <div style="padding: 10px;">
| + | |
| − | <div style="font-famil:Garamond; font-size: normal;">'''Our latest data table for mid-C17th freight rates per ton of goods transported'''</div>
| + | |
| − | [[File:Freight Rates 19072017.JPG|600px|thumbnail|left|]] | + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | Our current dataset for tonnage based freight rates consists of fifty-two observations for a range of fine, coarse and bulk goods.
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | </div>
| + | |
| − | </div>
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | <div style="float: left; vertical-align: bottom; margin-right: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; background:#dcdcdc; border: 1px solid #b0c4de; width: 1000px;">
| + | |
| − | <div style="background: #b0c4de; padding: 5px 10px 5px 10px; font-size: larger; font-weight: bold;">How much did it cost to rent a ship by the month?</div>
| + | |
| − | <div style="padding: 10px;">
| + | |
| − | <div style="font-famil:Garamond; font-size: normal;">'''C17th commercial ships could be rented by the month or by the voyage, or freight tonnage could be purchased for a voyage for a specific commodity type. Monthly rental rates can be found in notarised charter parties, which were submitted as schedules in support of High Court of Admiralty cases. Alternatively, monthly rental rates are sometimes recited by witnesses in their Court depositions.'''</div>
| + | |
| − | [[File:Monthly Ship Rental Rates 13072017.JPG|600px|thumbnail|left|]]
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | Our current dataset for monthly rentals consists of forty-nine ships.
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | Twenty-seven of these are rental rates for hull plus apparel, tackle, furniture and ordinance, but excluding provisions and wages, which were to be paid directly by the renting agent.
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | Fourteen are rental rates for hull plus apparel, tackle, furniture and ordinance and including provisions and wages, which were to be paid by the ship owner and recovered through the monthly rental. We know the monthly rental rates for three of these fourteen also on the basis of excluding provisions and wages.
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | Finally, we have eight rental rates for which it is unclear on what basis the rentals were contracted.
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | </div>
| + | |
| − | </div>
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | <div style="float: left; vertical-align: bottom; margin-right: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; background:#dcdcdc; border: 1px solid #b0c4de; width: 1000px;">
| + | |
| − | <div style="background: #b0c4de; padding: 5px 10px 5px 10px; font-size: larger; font-weight: bold;">How much were ships worth?</div>
| + | |
| − | <div style="padding: 10px;">
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| − | <div style="font-famil:Garamond; font-size: normal;">'''We are at an early stage of analysing value of ships. Our current data look at the value of ships for the hull plus apparel, tackle and furniture and often also the ordinance on board the ship. We distinguish between unnotarised and notarised values, with notarised values referring to specific bills of sale and unnotarised values often based upon witness estimates of ship value given in court for ships seized during voyages.'''</div>
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| − | [[File:Ship Value Per Ton Burthen 13072017.JPG|600px|thumbnail|left|]]
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| − | Our current dataset consists of one hundred and one ships, of which seventy-eight ship values are unnotarised and twenty-three ship values are notarised. Notarised values are lower (average = £3.90 per ton of ship burthen) comparised with unnotarised vales (average = ££6.40 per ton of ship burthen). Notarised values show a significantly tighter range around the average and mean than do unnotarised values.
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| − | We are working on disambiguating our data, but believe the differences in averages, means and range are due to the unnotarised data being more mixed in nature. Specifically, unnotarised data tends to be generated from witness statements of ship value following the seizure of a ship. We have excluded witness valuations of ships where it is clear that the outward, interim or return lading of the ship has been included in the witness valuation. Similarly, we have excluded witness valuations of ships where it is clear that an outward monetary stock has been included in the valuation.
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| − | However, even with these exclusions, the valuation of ships during their voyage usually includes some portion of the provisions carried on board the ship. If a seizure is early in a planned long voyage, these provisions could amount from anything between six and twenty months.
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| − | Moreover, the valuations of ships during their voyage will include some attribution of value to the refitting and setting out of a ship prior to a voyage, which can vary in the case of the hull from repairs to full graving and caulking or even resheathing, and in the case of the apparel, tackle and furniture, can include totally new provision of sails, rigging, blocks and other materials. Witnesses appear to make some allowance for the wear and tear of a ship on a long voyage and sometimes comment on this when giving their unnotarised valuations in their depositions in the High Court of Admiralty.
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| − | We plan to add ship inventories to our database, sourced from High Court of Admiralty appraisements of seized ships. These inventories will provide detailed breakdowns of the value of the physical components of ships in this period.
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| − | </div>
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| − | </div>
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| − | <div style="float: left; vertical-align: bottom; margin-right: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; background:#dcdcdc; border: 1px solid #b0c4de; width: 1000px;">
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| − | <div style="background: #b0c4de; padding: 5px 10px 5px 10px; font-size: larger; font-weight: bold;">How old were the ships?</div>
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| − | <div style="font-famil:Garamond; font-size: normal;">'''The size of our dataset for the analysis of ship age is one hundred and fifteen; of which thirteen datapoints simply state "new" or "old"; a further twenty-four datapoints are minimum ages, with the possibility that the ships were older; and seventy-eight datapoints give ship age accurate to the year. For these latter seventy-nine datapoints we have ship burthen data in tonnage for thirty-seven of them, which we display below in graphical form'''</div>
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| − | The average age of ships for which we have age and tonnage data is 6.1 years (n=37), whereas the average age of ships for which we have age data accurate to the year for which we have no tonnage data is 7.1 years (n=41).
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| − | [[File:Ship Age 10072017.JPG|600px|thumbnail|left|]]
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| − | [https://twitter.com/DrIanFriel Dr Ian Friel] has shared with us [https://twitter.com/DrIanFriel/status/884360083634892800 a summary of data from his unpublished survey of High Court of Admiralty inventory documents from the 1580s]. His data are for a period forty to eighty years earlier than our own High Court of Admiralty data. Ian's survey found ages for thirty-nine ships, with an average age of nearly fifteen years and twenty-nine of them of ten years or more in age.
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| − | Comparison of textual and numerical data for 1630-1670, with the bulk of the data from the 1650s, suggest Admiralty Court witnesses regarded ships aged between zero and five years as "new" and ships of fourteen years and above as "old".
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| − | </div>
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| − | </div>
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| − | <div style="background: #b0c4de; padding: 5px 10px 5px 10px; font-size: larger; font-weight: bold;">How many tons of shipping could one crew member support?</div>
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| − | <div style="font-famil:Garamond; font-size: normal;">'''The size of our dataset for the analysis of tons of ship burthen per crew member is one hundred and sixteen. We have crew size data for one hundred and seventy-two ships, but lack ship burthen data in tons for fifty-six of these.'''</div>
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| − | The average crew size for the larger dataset is 47.3, including six exceptionally manned men of war with 275 or more men per ship (n = 172). The average crew size for the smaller dataset, where we have crew number and ship tonnage is 36.5 (n=116).
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| − | [[File:Tons Ship Burthen Per Crew Member 09072017.JPG|600px|thumbnail|left|]]
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| − | </div>
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| − | </div>
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| − | <div style="background: #b0c4de; padding: 5px 10px 5px 10px; font-size: larger; font-weight: bold;">How many guns were enough to defend a ship?</div>
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| − | <div style="font-famil:Garamond; font-size: normal;">'''We have addressed this question by looking at the number of guns mounted on commercial and naval ships per hundred tons of ship burthen. The size of the relevant dataset is one hundred and twenty-nine ships, of which one hundred and six are commercial and twenty-three are naval.'''</div>
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| − | [[File:Guns Per 100 Ton Burthen 11072017.JPG|600px|thumbnail|left|]] There is a huge range in gun intensity per hundred tons of ship burthen amongst commercial ships, with some, particularly the small commercial ships, carrying no guns or just lightly armed, and other commercial ships as heavily armed as naval ships.
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| − | We are in the process of analysing these commercial data by geography and by commodity as well as by year to look for patterns within the commercial data.
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| − | Amongst the naval ships (a category which includes both ships in the immediate service of a state as well as private men of war under commissions from a state), there is a clear pattern for smaller ships to be particularly heavily gunned.
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| − | </div>
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| − | </div>
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| − | <div style="float: left; vertical-align: bottom; margin-right: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; background:#dcdcdc; border: 1px solid #b0c4de; width: 1000px;">
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| − | <div style="background: #b0c4de; padding: 5px 10px 5px 10px; font-size: larger; font-weight: bold;">Digging into the data on how many guns were enough to defend a ship</div>
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| − | <div style="padding: 10px;">
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| − | <div style="font-famil:Garamond; font-size: normal;">'''The difference in gun intensity amongst commercial ships is likely to be driven by the relative value of cargo carried per ton of ship burthen and the level of predation on commercial shipping in the geographies in which ships traded.'''</div>
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| − | [[File:Guns Per 100 Ton Burthen Segmented Commodity 11072017.JPG|600px|thumbnail|left|]]
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| − | Commercial ships carrying salt had few if any guns, in contrast to ships carrying Canary wines or cotton wool as their main return cargos.
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| − | This is likely to be driven by the low manning levels on salt ships per ton of burthen. Low manning levels meant that there were fewer people available to man guns.
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| − | We are looking at relative freight rates for salt, Canary wines and cotton wool, and at sale prices for different commodities, to see if these also drove gun levels.
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| − | Coal ships are also likely to have had few if any guns. However, most of the coal ship cases in High Court of Admiralty data concern collisions, resulting in court cases which do not ask about guns. Whereas, most of the salt ship cases in the High Court of Admiralty data concern seizures, and elicit Court cases in which gun intensity is relevant and asked about.
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| − | As we dig further into the general commercial category, we should be able to allocate a good portion of these to specific commodity groups and thus be able to improve our analysis of the drivers of guns mounted on commercial ships
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| − | </div>
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| − | </div>
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| − | <div style="float: left; vertical-align: bottom; margin-right: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; background:#dcdcdc; border: 1px solid #b0c4de; width: 1000px;">
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| − | <div style="background: #b0c4de; padding: 5px 10px 5px 10px; font-size: larger; font-weight: bold;">How does crew size relate to gun carrying?</div>
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| − | <div style="font-famil:Garamond; font-size: normal;">'''The size of our dataset for the analysis of crew size and gun number is sixty-nine, where we have both crew size and gun number. We have crew size data for one hundred and seventy-two ships in total and have gun number for one hundred and seventy-nine ships. Twenty-seven of the ships for which we have crew size are men of war and one hundred and forty-five are commercial ships. Forty-two of the ships for which we have gun number are men of war and one hundred and thirty-seven are commercial.'''</div>
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| − | [[File:Guns Crew Size 07072017.JPG|600px|thumbnail|left|]]
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| − | The average gun number for just men of war is 22.4 (n=2). The average gun number for just commercial ships is 12.8 (n=137). Our sample of commercial ships where we have tonnage as well as gun number (n=69) has a slightly higher average gun number than for all commercial ships, where only gun number is known.
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| − | The commercial gun number average overestimates the gun carrying propensity of commercial ships, since there is a systematic tendency not to report absence of guns from smaller vessels (vessels of thirty to sixty tons burthen). Many of these vessels, particularly those involved in coastal trade or fishing, as hoys, busses and ketches, would not have carried guns.
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| − | </div>
| + | * Seminar is limited to 20 participants |
| − | </div>
| + | * We will be using ZOOM, with details to be emailed to participants prior to the event |
| | + | * Personal copies of the database to be emailed on Friday April 12th 2024 |
| | + | * Online users guide to the database to be published on the MarineLives wiki by Friday April 12th 2024 |
1. Receive a free copy of the 24,000 deponent, 10,000 ship database (SOLM-2024) to support their personal research, in advance of the seminar
2. Guidance at the seminar on how the database is structured, and how it can best be searched and used to address research questions
3. Hands on experience of using the database, with free online access to 30,000 images which support the database
4. Ongoing support for seminar participants after the seminar as they further explore and use the database
1. Your commitment to working collaboratively as you explore your own research questions
2. Your willingness to offer suggestions on how to improve the database
