Difference between revisions of "MRP: Synthesis"

Latest revision as of 22:25, August 11, 2012

Synthesis

Editorial history

26/04/12, CSG: Created page

To do

Notes

Current topics for synthesis

Adventures, money, cloathes and instruments

- "the arlate Captaine Hosier and his Company had at the tyme of the seizure of the Lady ffrigott& her ladeing by the sayd Gen?uoa man of warr the Sta Cruse goods which were her & their adventures and money cloathes and Instruments aboard her to the value in this deponents Judgement of eight hundred pounds of lawfull English money All which were seized and taken from the sayd Hosier & his Company & they utterly deprXed of them by the Captaine & Company of the sayd Gennoa man of warr who plundered them of them and having soe done kept the Company of the Lady ffrigott prisoners for a teyme the most of them being cheyned, and after wards sett them on shoare in the Island of Cephalonia to shXXX for themselves without allowing them money or provisions"^[1]

Amsterdam to the Spanish West Indies

English merchants sending ship from Amsterdam to Spanish West Indies

- "M:r John Page one of the Merchants concerned in this busines, having with his associates a designe in hand to send a shipp from Amsterdam for the West Indies to trade for their account upon the coasts of the Spaniards, and understanding that this deponent understood both the Spanish and dutch tongues (besides English) and could speake them, and alsoe understood the busines of traffique and XXXXX as a marchant treated and agred with this deponent to goe the said voyage for five pounds per moneth wages and XXXX for XXX goods for his owne account, wherein hee this deponent was to give assistajce to John Lo?pes his ?precontest who was alsoe then XXX and being XX hired this deponent was XX XXX XXXXX in a dutch shipp called the ?Mackerell bound for Amsterdam and concerned with him in the said shipp XXXXX, perpetuanas, ?hatts, and many other particulars of goods w:ch were here ?provided by the said M:r Page and XXXX ffernandez, M:r ?Robles, M:r Jenkin and M:r ?Painter Merchants of this citie, to be at Amsterdam put aboard such a shipp as could be provided for that XXXX and voyage."^[2]

Appraisal

Appraisal of the estate of a deceased person

- "there was also a warrant granted from the said Governor to M:r Humfrey Kent and M:r Richard SXXXswicke, to appreize the said goods accordinge to theire trew value, uppon theire oathes who (being sworne before the said Governor or some Justice of the Peace att the Barbados to the effect a forsaid) did apprize all the said goods uppon the XXXoathes att five thousand nine hundred seaventy and eight pounds of Tobacco and more as hee beleeveth"^[3]

- "hee this rendent did deliver a pticular of Inventary of the said goods as they were apprised by the said Appraisors under theire hands to the said M:rs West or M:r William ffisher then Proctor for her in the Prerogative Court with a testification of theire being sworne uppon the said appraisem:t w:ch they the said M:rs West and her Proctor did ever since detaine from him"^[4]

Appraisal of a ship for a prize court

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Bad weather

A great and violent storm on route from the Barbadoes to London

- "y:e Oporto Merchant being laden at the Barbadoes, with Sugars & Cottons & some other merchandizes for the account of several merchants Departed from thence bound for this Port of London and in her Course hetherward (sic), neere y:e Islands fflowers and Calves, being two of the Westerene Islands on XX or about the 20:th day of January last, shee met with a great , and violent Storme; w:ch Continued about sixteene houres very violent the Winde being then at West, and y:e sd. shipp tunning before y:e Sea, for her better preservaccon) under aforesaile, her sterne gave way, And thereupon, her Company were forced to hang their foresaile, and lye under a mizen, and y:e said Ships Tiller by Violence of the said Storme was broken, w:ch did much endanger her Rudder and sterne post, and by meanes of y:e breaking of her Tiller y:e said Ship, shee receaved much water in at her ?behind port ?w:ch came into y:e said Ships hold, and y:e said Ships mizen XXX by y:e violence & force of the said Storme was Torne in peeces. and y:e greatest part of it blowne away, and y:e said Ship lying broad off to y:e sea, shipped a great Sea, w:ch washed over board her sheath Anchor, w:ch was fastned by y:e said Ships side and washed her Boate and Skiffe, to Leewards, and y:e said Anchor, hanging by a Rope where with it was fastned to the said Ships side, and y:e said Ship, Turning or rowling too and fro, y:e said Anchor bilged a hole, neere y:e Lough of ?the Said Ship, and made a Leake in her, through w:ch ?there went some water, and their being as aforesaid much water receaved ar rge XXXX Port of the said Ship, y:e said Ship had about foure foote water in her hold, w:ch caused y:e said Ship to lye dead in y:e Sea. And saith that by the Violence and Duraccon of the said Storme & y:e pXXX aforesaid, the said Ship and her Lading and Company on board her were in Great Danger of Sinking and Perishing in y:e Sea The prmisses hee deposeth being on board y:e said Ship y:e said time, and Carpenter of her."^[5]

Betrayal as a strategem

Attempted betrayal at the Canaryes

- "whilest the said Spanish Boate was by or neere the Lisbone ffrigot the Company in the said Spanish Boate told the said Ketcher that Captaine Neale of Dover was with his said Ship trading in Gaza?chim Road, and thereupon the same being not farr from Oratavo the said Ketcher thinking it might be true, and that in case hee were there they might trade the more secure together did cause his said Ship to be carryed thither, and upon his arrivall there; found noe such ship there, nor any others but foure Spanish Vessells, neither had the said Neales bin there in many monethes, before And saith that the said Caroly Tye and all the said Ships Company did absolutely conclude, and agree that what the said Spaniards, said, or did was meant onely as a Meanes to betray both ship and goods, and therefore the said Ships Company would never be psuaded to goe on shore againe, although often importuned by the said Ketcher"^[6]

- "the said Spanish Boate soe came to the side of the said Ship the Lixon ffrigot, with the said pretended ffactor in it the afternoone of the 20:th day of the said moneth of July 1658: (as hee now remembreth the say) andin the morning of the said day the said Tye as aforesaidwent in the Lixon ffrigots boate towards shore, and was
denyed Prattick as aforesaid, and about the time that the said Spanish Boate, came from shore to y;e Lixon ffrigotts
side as afiresaid the Newes aforesaid of the English their taking of Dunkirke, and their putting (as was said & p:rtended) All XXX Spaniards therein to the Swod, after they had given them quarter, and saith that all the said Ships Company did beleeve that the sending of the said Boate & men therein to procure the M:r mate Boatswaine Purser, and one or two more of the said Ships Company to bee meerely a trick, and meanes of betray them and not to procure
them Prattick in Regard they had the said morning soe as aforesaid positively denied them." ^[7]

Bills of exchange

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Bills of health

Suspicious failure of Spanish to demand bill of health from English ship coming from a plague port

- "all of them much Importune the said Caralo Tye to goe on shore to procure practick for the said Ship, but the said Tye did not nor would soe Doe, And saith that the said P:rtended ffactor or any that came with him did not demand or require either any Bills of health. or other paps or writings or desired to knowe w:th what goods the said ship was Laden"^[8]

Bills of lading

Colourable bills of lading

- "[In context of trade in Brazil wood between Lisbone and Newhaven by the Portuguese Brazil Company] sometimes there are Colourable bills of Lading made & signed for goods, and noe reall bills, but in such Cases, the M:r of the ship hath Instrctions where and to whom to Deliver the goods mentioned in y:e Colourable bills./:"^[9]

Tenor of bills of lading

- "after the reception thereof [138 bags of Spanish wooll sent to Antwerp] this dep:t signed three bills of lading of one teno:r and caused the same to be entred into his books. the receipt of the same, and to whome they were consigned as aforesaid"^[10]

Book keepers

- "The p:rmisses hee [Manuel de Fonseca, of London, Merchant, aged 21] deposeth, being made privy to the said Designe and Voyage, and Beeing y:e said M:r ffernandez his booke keeper:"

Bottomery

Lending of money upon bottomry

- "in or about the moneth of November 1656: the arlate ?James Nuthall did send unto the foresaid Henry Potts, for buying of provisions & to provide a Stock for y:e said Ship to goe the foresaid Voyage; and saith that the said Potts hath acknowledged soe much to this depo:t And saith further ?that the said Potts hath told this depo:t that the said Nuthall lent the foresaid money upon Bottomry:"^[11]

Shortage of money leading to request for bottomry by a ship's master

- "the said shipp lying long and could not proceed by meanes of fowle weather and XXXX, and haveing greate ?mass (Or ?want) of money, this deponent bespake the said factor to l?end and furnish for her use and occasions a summe of money upon bottomry, to be repaid with consideracon for the use therof after the sais shipps retourne or to that effect; and that the said freighter lent and advanced upon such ?instance of this deponent the summe of eleaven hundred gilders. And further that after receipt thereof the said factor in regard of this deponents not proceeding, making complaint to the Magistrate, caused the said shipp to bee arrested, and that this deponent and one of his owners comming treatie with the said factor, did in consideraccon of the said moneys and the dealy and pXXXXX suffered by his principall (M:r Drawater) in the said shipp not proceeding but depXXing from the said voyage, agreed to allow and pay unto him the summe of two and twenty hundred gilders, hollands money, amount'ing to two hundred and twenty pounds sterling or thereabouts"^[12]

Books of accounts

Books of accounts left on wrecked ship

- "the winde was very high when y:e Anne was driven upon y:e sd sands, and the Seas were ?mighty boysterous. Insomuch that they beate over y:e Deck of the sd ship with such a fforce that y:e Company on y:e Deck could Scarce Stand upon their Leggs, and saith there were XXXXX saved, and brought out of the said ship, just before her breaching in peeces, and saith y:e bookes of Accounts belonging to y:e ship, was not brought out. but left in her, when her Company left her. And saith that, after the sd ship ?Struck upon y:e Sands, her Company had noe time to Take any of their owne goods (save what they had about them) were all busied about hoysting out their boate (OR, boats):"^[13]

- " y:e bookes of Accounts, and all other accounts touching the sd Ship & Lading; (w:ch were aboard the said Ship, at and upon y:e Death of the said William Malim,) were locked and Sealed up in a box, by one Captaine Hudson Comander of the Smyrna ffactor, and Miles Bro?cose Comander of the William (w:ch werein Company of y:e Anne) the same daye that the said Will:m Malim Dyed; and after they were soe Locked and Seiled up, they were put into the M:rs Cabbin, where they remained untill the sd ship came to Cyprus, (after she came from Scanderoone;) where (by order of the Wor:ll Roger ffooke) the said box was opened in y:e presemce of the sd Captaine Miles Brouse, & Captaine PhXXXton, Comander of the Comerce; and y:e bookes or Accounts wherein the bills of Ladeig firmed at Scanderoone; for their homewards Voyage, were entred, was taken out and delivered to the said Wor:ll Roger ffooke, and then y:e said box was Locked and sealed up againe by the said BrouXX and Plumpton, and put into the Hold of the said Ship the Anne; where they Continued and were when the said Ship was Cast away as aforesaid, And saith that after the ?said Ship came upon y:e said Sand?s her Company had noe time either to save any paps or any of their Cloathes or goods w:ch were in y:e sd Ship, but were most of them Imployed about Hoysting out their boate, and using other meanes for saving of their Lives. and while they were soe busied this depo:t gave, a small bagg of lettyrs to the foresd John Roberts, desiring him to have a speciall care of them, and p:rserve them if hee coul Possible; and all the Company of the said Ship, being gone a way in their boat?s, and this depo:t staying aboard as aforesaid, hee went into his Cabbin, and there tooke some Copyes of Accounts w:ch lay there ready Tyde up, and put them in his pocket, and there being other Originall papers, Letters, writings w:ch hee thought were of more Concernmen:t hee wrapt them up in a paire of ?Loinings & a Shirt, the better to keepe them dry, and by that time hee had soe done the ship was bilging, and hee perceiving y:e same Imediately ranne upp, upon y:e Deck of the ship, with y:e sd writings. and ?heaved off as aforesd. and after hee had Carried y.e sd writings w:ch were wrapt upp in his ?Loinings & Shirt, in his hand about a Stones through from y:e sd Ship, hee was forced for safeguard of his life; to let them goe, and with much difficulty and hazard of his life got to y:e sd Boate as aforesd. and soe by the Great Providence of God got to Shore, where the said papers w:ch hee had in his pocket were dryed, LARGE INSERTION TO BE TRANSCRIBED, and after, LARGE INSERTION TO BE TRANSCRIBED, ?before dryed they came to the hands of one John Walker who was Mate and Pilot of the said ship, who delivered the same to this depo:t herein London and this depo:t delivered them to the foresaid M:r ffrancis ffooke; and the said Bag of XXtters which were p:rserved by y:e said Roberts this depo:t Carryed to y:e said M:r ffookes Lodging but hee not being then in Towne; (as this depo:t was informed by one M:r Bridges. kinsman of the said ffrancis ffowke, and at whose house the said M:r ffowkes lay.) this depo:t acquainted y.e said Bridges. with his Busines and y:e said Bridges advised this depo:t XX delivered the said Letters to y:e merch:ts to whom they were directed and the said M:r Bridges to that End went along with this depot to the Exchange; where hee delivered the said Letters according to thir Superscriptions"^[14]

Casting up accounts during a voyage

- "while the sayd shipp Peace remayned at ?Leserne arlate & when shee was ready to depart ?thence the arlate Luke Woods did with this deponent & Thomas Yeomans whome hee had imployed on shoare in takeing Accompt of what salte was sent aboard the sayd shipp to be laden, goe on shoare to cast up and make even his the sayd Woods Accounts, that hee might bee in a readines to depart"^[15]

Brokers

Common broker

- "John Roles is of this Depo:ts knowledge a Comon Broker, betwixt Merchts and M:r of ships and other Trade:?s and hath noe pticular relaccon to the said Brazil Companz that this Depo:t knoweth of/:"^[16]

Cape merchant

- "all w:ch goods were laded by the said John Lopez (as hee saith) who was Cape merchant of the said shipp the sad voyage, and is (as hee taketh it) a Spaniard"^[17]

Characteristics of a good ship

Strong and tight

- "att such tyme as the sayd shipp Free trade now seized at Lisbone as aforesd she was a strong and tight shipp and had bene but one voyage before att sea from the tyme of her sd building"^[18]

Good Decks and was well rigged & fitted

- "y:e said ship was at her departure from the Barbadoes, y:e said voyage; and untill the said Storme happened, a strong tight and stXXXX Vessell, and had Good Decks and was well rigged & fitted with all XXXXs of materiall for such a voyage & Imploym:t and saith she was not over laden the said voyage, And further deposeth that the foresd Sheat Anchor, was well & Sufficiently fastned to the said Ships Side, ?al Anchors use to be for ought hee knoweth ?to the Contrary: And what damage is happened to y:e sd Ship & lading Came & happened meerely by the sd Storme & Timpestious (sic) XXXX & not through Insufficiency of y:e sd Ship. or Carlessnes of or in her Company or any of them."^[19]

Chief Mates

Promotion from chief mate to Master on death of Master

- "upon y:e Death of the foresaid W:m Malim (w:ho was M:r of the said ship) this depo:t became M:r of her, hee being before: y:e said W:m Malims Cheife mate; And for that hee received at Satalia, of the sayd William Malim ?twenty Eight ryalls of Eight, and at Scanderoone hee received of y:e sd Malim either Eight or tenne Ryalls more (but, whether eight or Tenne he ?cannot ...."^[20]

Chinese in Bantam

- "in the yeare and moneth aforesayd pepper might then have bin hard at Bantam bought of the Chinese (sic) & was by the Chinese offered XXXXXXXXXX there to be sold to ?sayth as would buy the same at the rate of five and a halfe pence alright or XXXX for the parcell every parcell being comonly accompted one hundred sixty two pounds English weight"^[21]

Clearing a ship (to depart from a harbour)

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Coasting trade

- "they nor either of them was even with him at Hamburrough neither hath the said Scrother (as they and every of them beleiveth) beene more than once att Hambrough these 7 yeares but doth trade and coast upp and downefrom place to place (as he conceiveth) most advantagious for his benefiitt"^[22]

Colliers

Colliers from Newcastle

- "shee [the Agreem:t] came from Newcastle the said Voyage with a Lading of Coales, on or about the twentieth day of October 1658. in Company of about Threescore saile of Colliers w:ch were bound hereto this Port, and some other places here in England,

Coming foule

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Commercial failure

Composition with creditors

- "y:e arlate ffrancis Pardini is (as this Depo:t hath heard) failed) ?in Estate, and y:e arlate John Thacker (as this Depo:t hath also heard) is Employed to make y:e said Pardinies Composicon with his Credito:es"^[23]

Failure of a merchant at Genoa or Legorne

- "at Genoa this rendent tooke in some pte of her lading & was to goe to Legorne to take in y:e remainder, & at his arrivall at Legorne the merchant who freaighted this rendents ship failed so that this rendents designe was overthrown" [Answer given June 1659]^[24]

False bills of sale to manipulate ownership of goods following a merchant's failure

- "hee doth beleive the said de Silvera not knowing the said ffrancis Pardini was failed did send the bill of lading unto him as he beleiveth but hee doth not beleive the said John Tha?cker did really buy the said wood of the said M:r Pardini or pay him any thing for the same, neither doth hee beleive that the said M:r Pardini or any other merchant that is failed hath a legall power to make any sale of any goods that come to him during the time they absent and are not able to pay their debts, but hee doth beleive the said M:r Thacker being imployed by y:e said M:r Pardini as his sollicitor to make his composicon with his creditors hee & the said M:r Pardini did contrive together to gett the said goods into their hands if possibly they could and in order thereunto he beleiveth the said M:r Pardini did colourably, and fraudulently signe the bill of sale or schedule alleadged and deliver the same for his XXX as hee beleeveth...

To the sixth hee answeareth that hee doth beleive that the said M:r Pardini did in further ?prosequucon of the said fraudulent contrivance betweene him and the said M:r Thacker his sollicitor endorse the bill of ladeing as is alleadged but hee being soe failed & absented hee doth beleive the same is utterly voyd and of noe effect." [Answer given June 1659, referring to events in 1649]^[25]

Failure of bankruptcy of a merchant not known for some time

- "4 Itmm interr. Whether before the shippe Stockholme came from Stockholme, and before the Iron in controversie was Laden aboard, was itt nott commonly and generally reported that the said Godfrey Deleau was bankrupt or failed in his estate and in what moneth did the said wittnesse first heare that the said Deleau was failed. Et fiat ut supra."^[26]

Failure of a merchant leading to forced sale of a ship to pay mariners' wages

- "after the the foresaid breakeinge of the said Merchants freighters, the said Cravens not haveing monies to paye the marriners theire wages for the said voyage the said Marriners arrested the said shipp for the same & by course of Lawe att Marcelles the said Shipp was condemned and sould for the payment of the said Marriners wages & other debts then due, uppon her the said Owners not takeing order to pay the said wages, and other debts then due uppon her in tyme" (HCA 15/6 Box Two)

Commercial activities of the King of Spain

- "in the moneth of January 1653. new style, and for about 14. yeares before this depon:t hath well knowne the arlate John de Windt, who is a Merchant and Burgher of Cadiz, and is married there, and saith That by the credible relation of the said John de Windt and others at Cadiz this depon:t: hath understood y:t the arlate Domingo Centurione at the time of the Lading of the said woolls was a Spaniard liveing at Madrid, and Councello:r to his Catholique Ma:tie and his Principall ffacto:r or Agent for the sending of goods wares and merchandizes from Spaine into ffland:rs for the supply of his said Ma:ties occasions there, And saith both the psons arlate were and are commonly accompted Subiects to the said King of Spaine."^[27]

Commercial practices of planters

Promising freight to ships returning to England

- "it is a Comon practise for planters at S:t Christophers and Mevis and parts thereabouts to make Verball Agreem:ts and to make Great and Large promises"^[28]

Commissions

Tenor of a commission

- " they did with the said shippe the Elsabeth goe forth and seize in and take uppon the high Seas as Prize the severall vessells w:th their Ladeinges as is arlate neare about the tyme arlate and brought or sent the same to some portes of this Common Wealth to be proceeded against accordinge to the Tenor of this Rendents Commission"^[29]

Contempt of court

Contempt of the High Court of Admiralty

- "hee answereth and beleeveth that hee hath not committed any contempt against this Court or the authoritie thereof, and thereofore ought not to be punished with havinge XXXXX the same."^[30]

Cost of victualls & provisions

Monthly cost of victualls & provisions for ship of XXX crew

- "the Victualls and Provisions. spent the said voayge, p moneth did amount unto /as the said Luke Wood hath told this Depo:t) about 25:li or 30:li"^[31]

Court at Amsterdam

Magistrates court at Amsterdam

- "the said factor in regard of this deponents not proceeding, making complaint to the Magistrate, caused the said shipp to bee arrested, and that this deponent and one of his owners comming treatie with the said factor, did in consideraccon of the said moneys and the delay and pXXXXX suffered by his principall (M:r Drawater) in the said shipp not proceeding but depXXing from the said voyage, agreed to allow and pay unto him the summe of two and twenty hundred gilders, hollands money, amount'ing to two hundred and twenty pounds sterling or thereabouts, and that the said shipp should be liable to make good ?that ?payment thereof, or to that effect, and the said factor accepted thereof And saith that comming afterwards to this port, shee was here arrested for the said moneyes as the suter of the said M:r Drawater, and lies now under that arrest, and that the said summe of two and twenty hundred gilders is really due upon and from the said shipp for the said debt soe contracted"^[32]

Court at Nevis

Thomas Grove before Court at Nevis

- "hee this deponent saith that hee well remembreth that the sayd Thomas Grove was while hee stayed at Nevis questionned by the sayd Luke Woods in the Court of Nevis (this deponent then sitting there as a member thereof,) touching his refractory and disobedient & uncivill carriage towards the sayd Woods his supracargo tending to the p:riudice of the voyage And hee well remembreth that the sayd Thomas Grove Master of the Peace did openly in the Court before this deponent & divers others who satt as Judges thereof, speake in ?disgrace of the ffish that the sayd Woods had bought & brought to Nevis & sayd that the ffish that hee the sayd Woods had bought & brought thither was Refuse ffish...

To the 35:th arle hee saith as aforesayd that hee being one of the Judges of the Court at Nevis knoweth that while the sayd Grove was there hee was by the sayd Woods conXXXed before the Court touching his refractory and uncivill carriage to the sayd Woods in the voyage in question leading to the preiudice and XXXXXXX of the sayd voyage and severall wittnesses produced & examined against him upon Interrogatories which notwithstanding the sayd Grove did as before hee this deponent hath declared in open Court say that the ffish the sayd Woods had bought & brought to Nevis in the ship Peace was Refuse ffish."^[33]

Court of Probate & Administration

- "shee referreth herselfe the Registry of the Court for probate of Wills and Granting of Ad?conns:"^[34]

Crew numbers

- "[The 'XXXX"", a ship of XXX tonns] hee saith there were twenty men and a boy belonging to the said shipp when shee XX XXXXX Milford^[35]

- "[In the Lisbone ffrigott] the whole Number of Marriners , that served in the said Ship the said Voyage together with the M:r consisted of, and were only Eleven men & one boy, and noe more"^[36]

Currants

Currants from Petrao and Mahalgo

- "the sayd shipp was hyred and taken to freight by some of the Turkey Company Merchants of London (but their names hee knoweth not in pticuler) to goe upon a Merchandising imployment from London to Petr?ao arlate and ?Mahaligo & other places beyond the seas to lade Currans and other goods for their use & Account & bring them for London & there deliver them to them or their Agents and did accordingly within the sayd tyme arrived at the Roade of Potrea and there & at Mahalago tooke in Currans to the quantity of one hundred and threescore Tonnes which were laden by the Agents of the sayd ffreighters to & for the sayd ffreighters Account to be thence transported to London & there delivered ti the sayd ffreighters or their Agents for their use this hee knoweth being one of the sayd shipps Company and helping to lade the sayd Currans"^[37]

Currants from Zante and Mathalago

- "in ffebruary last hee this deponent with William Savage and Thomas ?Atterton, brought the lading of currans of the shipp the Virgin frigot being Zante Currans of the producente William Bowtell ?as XX agreed and paid three pounds and two shillings per ?pound weight for the same and soe much hee saith they were worth XX and saith that Mathalago currants were XXXXX worth twenty XX per hundred more than Zante currants."^[38]

Custom and use of the sea

Not according to the custom & use of the sea

- "the afternoone of the said day that the said Tye had bin the second time ashore as aforesd their came a Spanish Boate to the Lixon ffrigot side , (w:ch came from Otrava,) with about Eight or 9 Spaniards in it, and told y:e said Ketcher and Tye, and others of y:e said Ships Company on y:e Deck of the said Ship, that they might have Practick for ?the said Ship, but said that it was upon this Condition that the M:r Mate, Purser, [Boatswaine has been crossed out], and one or two more, of the said Ships Compnay. must goe on shore, and unlesse they would soe doe they could not have Prattick, and the said Tye was then in the said Ship, and the said Ketcher spake to the said Tye to tell them that it was not according to the Custome & use of the sea, for a M:r, Mate, Purser. and on, or two more of the said ships Company to

^[39]

Dead freight

Shee came home about halfe dead freighted

- "the shipp Peace was of the burthen of ?two [this figure appears to have been blotted out] hundred tonnes or neere thereabouts and that of his this deponents knowledge shee came home about halfe dead freighted for that the arlate Luke Woods beside the dammage hee susteyned in the sale of his three eighth parts of the sayd shipps ladeing of ffish & other Merchandizes did suffer losse and dammage in the sayd shipps want of ladeing home the simme of two hundred pounds sterling or neere thereabouts in this deponents Judgement & estimate"^[40]

Debauched behaviour

A man of lewde and debauched behaviour

- "while the sayd shipp stayed at MXXX hee heard divers of the Planters there saye that they would have laded goods aboard the sayd ship the Pease but that they sawe that the arlate Thomas Grove was a man of lewde and debauched behaviour and therefore they dearst not trust him with their goods or words to that effect for which reason hee beleeveth that the sayd Woods was much damnified by the sayd Groves debauched behaviour and lost much ladeing there which otherwise hee might have had"^[41]

Discipline on board ship

Use of the rope

- "Grove did set forward his mariners, and encourage them to doe their dutyes the said Voyage; and upon carles Neglects of the same, the said Grove did XXX some of his said Mariners, giving them moderate?Correccon with a Ropes End or the XXte"^[42]

Disguising the identity of a ship

Colourable bills of lading

- "this Depot (besides these three pipes in question) hath received other wines from y:e said producent. w:ch were likewise mentioned in the Bills of Lading to be laden by & for account of the said Don Juan Corall, although in truth the same belonged to and were for y:e said Cowlings account, & the returnes thereof were made by this Depo:t to the said Cowlings and saith that since the warrs betweene this Nation and Spaine it hath bin and is usuall for English Merchants that trade by Canaryes, to Colo:r their goods by putting in Dutch or Spanish names in the Bills of Lading, in regard it is dangerous for English subjects to trade to at or from Canaryes in their, owne names"^[43]

Use of non-English masters and commanders

- "the sd ship haveing unladen her outward goods did receive in other good to y:e value of neare thirty three hundred pounds and was in her returne about July last 1656. mett with by a Dunkirk or ?Dutch Vessell upon a Spanish Comission, and the Comp:ie neglecting to defend their sd Ship & goods (as they ought to have done) or to make any opposition or resistance, or so much as to conceale her from belonging to the English when as there as a dutch M:r & passes & other things necessary to have coloured her ?she was wholly lost from the Owners, to their very great damage"^[44]

Doctors Commons

The Hall

- "Repeated before D:r Godolphin & Coll Cocke In the Hall x:r. November the 22:th 1658."^[45]

Chambers

- "15:° Novemb 1658. Repeated before dror Godolphon one of the Judges x:r In his Chamber x:X"^[46]

Double negative

"before the said Grove did turne back any boates Lading of salt, hee the said Grove did send a Noate by One of his Company to the said Luke Wood, (who was on shore,) that hee could not take in noe more Salt"^[47]

Dunkirke

Putting of Spanish garrison of Dunkirke to the sword

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Dutch in London

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Dutch West India Company

False papers for the Dutch West India Company

- " their Instructions were verball and not in writing, saving that M:r Tilly gave them a paper belonging to the dutch) and that she belonged to the dutch West India Company, w:ch paper the said Jerome was to show in case of meeting with Spaniards, and in his custody XX was and was as XXXXX written in dutch"^[48]

Effect of drink

Delayed departure from port due to Master drinking on shore

- "the sayd Grove ordered to sayle the sayd shipp over the barr and there to bring her againe to Anchor and haveing given such order, & there being a Country boate lyeing by the shipp side, the sayd Thomas Grove would needes goe on shoare againe and did goe on shoare in the sayd Country boate, notwithstanding the sayd Woods did earnestly persuade & entreate him not to goe on shoare & told him it would be a great hinderance to the voyage the shipp being bound upon a fishing designe & the winde being ?the fayre for her departure as in deede it was And the sayd Grove being soe gone on shoare some of the shipps company after they had sayled the shipp over the barr & then brought her to an Anchor went on shoare with the shipps boate to fetch the sayd Grove on board which notwithstanding the sayd Grove continewed ashoare most part of that night and came not againe on board the sayd shipp till about two of the Clock in the morning next after and was when hee soe came (in this deponents Judgment) much distempered with drink and began to to curse and sweare and amongst other words sayd that there were some on board thought much of his being on shoare but hee cared not for that, and sayd that the sayd shipp should ride longer there and accordingly did keepe her there at anchor about an hower after such his comming on board & then gave order to weigh Anchor, and did sett sayl, this hee deposeth of certayne knowledge & alsoe heareing the sayd words or others to that effect spoken, as alsoe did most of the sayd shipps company"^[49]

Exchange

Persons seen on the Exchange in London

- " hee saith hee hath knowne y:e interrate John Page for about 8 or 9 yeeres last & y:e Interrate Andrew Dunkin for about a yeere & y:e Interrate Antonio ffernandez for theise sixteene yeeres last & y:e Interrate Antonio XXXX for about 5 or 6 yeeres last, & y:e sd Schauternell for y:e time aforesd. but beleeveth hee doth not knowe the Interrate Gowan Painter & John Tilly. And sawe y:e sd ffernandez & ?Robles the day on y:e Exchange, & y:e sd Page on Monday last upon y:e Exchange, & y:e sd Dunkin about a Moneth since upon y:e Exchange & saw y:e sd John Schauternel, last in Amsterdam about thirteene yeeres"^[50]

Expression of emotions in commercial discourse

Anger

- "the said M:rs Craford being then p:rsent in the same roome; this depo:t told the said Thomas Middleton that this woman (pointing to and meaning y:e said M:rs Crafford,) was Come to demand his wages And y:e said Middleton replyed in an angry manner, that hee would not give her any account of it, because shee had arrested him; and dis?charged him; for hee had a house to Comand and a Ship to Comand, and tenne thousand pound to Comand, and was able enough to pay her, but nowe hee would not, for shee should have Lawe enough for her money: or to the very same effect"^[51]

The Damne Me Captaine

- "the said Grove for about a yeere and halfe last, and saith hee is Counted a rash hasty man, and subject to passion; and soe hee was accounted at Nevis and this depo:t hath heard him there called the DAMNE ME CAPTAINE: or such like words. and some of y:e plant:rs & Gentlemen of the Island of Nevis did not well affect him; and this Depo:t heard one M:r ?Joanes and one M:r ?Rothington; say at Nevis that they would not come with Grove, but wold rather goe by y:e way of Holland"^[52]

Fell a rayling

- "about the middle of September 1657 this deponent & the arlate Luke: Woods were togeather at the sayd Woods house in Newfound land makeing upp & perfecting the Merchants Accounts of the shipp Peace and that the arlate Thomas Grove came hither to them and being come fell a rayling against the arlate Edward Crispe as formerly hee had done & called him dogg and roague and XXXX soe XXXXX in his the sayd Groves words & behaviour that the sayd Woods & this deponent were by reason thereof forced to goe away and leave the perfecting of their Accompts till a further tyme"^[53]

The sayd Grove fell a swearing & curseing

- "about two of the Clock in the morning next after, hee the sayd Grove the Master came againe aboard the sayd shipp And the sayd Luke Woods speakeing upon the deck to the sayd Grove in a milde and civill manner before this deponent and divers of the sayd Shipps Company sayd ?this or the like in effect M:r Grove I wonder yo:w would stay soe longe on shoare seeing the winde is fayre for our departure, and seemed to be discontented at the sayd Groves staye whereupon the sayd Grove fell a swearing & curseing (but the perticular oathes hee remembreth not) and sayd there were some aboard that thought XXXX of his being a shoare but hee cared not, and sayd the sayd shipp should ride longer yet, and then commanded all the Company XXXX such as were upon therwatch to goe to their Cabbins, which they accordingly did"^[54]

Threatened violence

- " in the moneth of November 1657 (the tyme now certainely hee doth not now call to mynde) the arlate Luke Woods Thomas Grove and this deponent & Robert Groves & William Tizard Mates Edward Gold Chirugion of the Pease being at supper togeather aboard the sayd shipp the sayd Thomas Grove the Master did give the sayd Woods very reproachfull Speeches and called him old Roague Pedler Pimpe and ?Chiach and spreading his hands abroad swore that if hee layd them upon him the sayd Woods hee would teare him in peeces and sayd alsoe that if the sayd Woods was not an olde Roague hee would drubb him that hee should not be able to help him selfe And further to this arle hee cannot depose for that hee this deponent rose from supper & was gone off of the deck before the sayd Grove the Master & Woods came out of the round house upon the deck & soe heard not what passed betweene them upon the deck"^[55]

Falling foul of a ship

Manoeuvres at sea lead to a collision

- "about the twenty eigth day of September 1657 in the Morning the M:r & Company of the Peace espied three ?Bankers which at first they thought to bee some of their Consorts bound for the Barbados & bearing up towards them they knew the ship they ?came up with to be a ffrench shipp which came in Company with the Peace from Nants in ffrance for Newfound land and saith that the sayd Luke Woods accompanied with Robert Grove one of the sayd Thomas Groves Mates (but by whose perswasion hee knoweth not) did goe on board the sayd ffrench shipp & sent the boate of the Pease back againe aboard her which being done the Pease stood away from the sayd ffrench shipp about halfe a league & did tack & stand to the winde wards of her and rann the ffrench shipp aboard in the quarter to XX great danger of the losse of the sayd ffrench shipp in soe much that ?the ffrench men aboard her apprehending the danger to be great did all save one who was lame come aboard the Pease & leave the sayd Luke Woods aboard the sayd ffrench shipp, till at length the sayd Woods with great danger of his life cut off the ffrench shipp into the Pease by assistance of one of the Peases Company who tooke hold of the sayd Wood as hee hung by the rayles of the Pease All which happened in this maner the sayd shipp Pease having first stood off from the ffrench shipp about halfe a league and then by the sayd Thomas Groves order tacking about with intent to get windewards of the ffrench shipp the Pease having her two topp sayles alofte and being but newly tackt about shee did not ?feele her heXXXX & soe the sayd Grove the Master caused her fore topsayle to be lowered that the shipp might come to, and the shipp Pease drawing nigh to the ffrench shipp & not getting the winde of her this deponent & M:r Tizard (both Mates) told the sayd Grove that they feared they should be aboard of the ffrench shipp, hee the sayd Grove having caused the fore topp sayle to be lowered, whereto the sayd Grove answered & sayd noe, I hope not, and ordered the foretopsaile to be hoisted againe that soe the Pease might beare up under the ffrench shipps Sterne, but the Pease was then gotten soe neere the ffrench shipp that there was not roome for the Pease to beare up under her sterne, by which XXXX she came fowle of the sayd ffrench shipp in manner as aforesayd"^[56]

Female presence in commercial physical space

Visiting a male merchant's house

- "the producent Anne Craford desired this depo:t to goe along with her to the signe of the Red Lyon at the Old Swan in Thames Streete there to Meete with the said Thomas Middleton, & to aske of him the wayges w:ch was due to the arlate Andrew Hill, And this depo:t at her request did goe with her to the said place; where this depo:t and y:e said M:r Craford found y:e said Thomas Middleton And this depo:t then and there asked y:e said Middlton whether hee had not one Andrew Hill Cooke of his ship, to w:ch the said Middleton Answered Yes; and this depo:t asking him howe long y:e sd Hill served in his ship; and at what what hee was shipped. at. The said Middleton replyed that hee served in his ship about foure yeere, and two Monethes: and was shipped at Thirty shillings p moneth...

M:rs Craford y:e producent required this depo:t to come and testify the truth of her Knowledge in the busnies and saith shee did never belong to y:e said Ship; And saith that this depo:t liveth at the next house; to the house whereof y:e said M:rs Craford Liveth, and hath lived there about four yeeres, & the said Craford hath lived there in her said house a longer time, and this depo:t being y:e time aforesyd the sd M:rs Craford neighbo:r shee was by y:e sd M:rs Craford Caried to the foresd place, to the foresd purpose; And saith she hath not Received neither bin Promised anything for her Testimony herein nor doth shee as shee saith expect to receave any thing for y:e same, And saith shee is worth about two hundred pounds. in her Cleare Estate, and to the rest negatively:/:...

Repeated before D:r Godolphin:/:

The marke of the ?said
Grace [The mark looks like an interlinked WW] Hogs?flesh"^[57]

Fish

Daily productivity lading fish onto a ship of 200 tonnes

- "hee knoweth that it is usuall for shipps of that burthen as the Peace was, & having soe many mariners as shee had, to take in & lade three hundred Kintalls of ffish & more in a dayes tyme"^[58]

Herring laded at Yarmouth for Marsellis [Marseilles]

- "at Yarmouth there was a Lading of Herrings put on board her, w:th w:ch she sailed ?to Marsellis and there delivered her said Lading"^[59]

Pickled herring

- "To the second Interrie This deponent saith and deposeth that the sayd ship the Hart had att the tyme of the sayd seizure, one hundred and four score Tonnes of pickled herrings on board her. And saith the sayd shipp and all her sayd lading did att the sayd tyme of seizure belong to severall merchants Inhabitants of Skadam subiects of the sayd States of the united Provinces"^[60]

Preparing fish on shoare at Newfoundland and loading a ship with the same

- " the sayd Grove the Master sent XX of the Mariners aboard on shoare to assiste thereabout And saith that the sayd sixe were gone on shoare to helpe to lade ffish the sayd Thomas Grove the master and this deponent and Robert Grove and other of the Mates did that day take the long boate and therewith XXXXX up and downe to the windewards and came at length neere shoare where Woods and the Mariners that assisted him were at worke about preparing the sayd ffish to goe aboard and having looked on them a while ?turned with the boate XXXX the winde wards againe without assisting in the ladeing of the sayd ffish and after about an howers tyme returned againe to the place where the sayd Woods & those of the shipps company who assisted him were weighing of ffish on shoare, & the sayd Grove went on shoare but what words passed betweene the sayd Woods & Grove hee knoweth not, but saith hee being alsoe purser knoweth that there were one hundred and twenty kintalls of ffish laden that day aboard the Pease, and saith there were twenty seaven men & boyes belonging to the Pease most of which were on shoare imployed about the shippes affayres some about helpeing to lade the sayd 120 kintalls of fish & others about other busines but how those who remayned on board were imployed by the Master hee knoweth not"^[61]

Refuse ffish

- "the said Luke Woods did at Newfound Land in Rainy Weather, Lade some ffish onboard y:e said Ship. and did lade some Early in y:e mornings and late at Nights when y:e Dew was on the ground and w:ch hee should not have done, And some of the sd ffish w:ch hee there Laded was Ill Conditioned and refuse ffish at the time of the Lading thereof; w:ch did pjudice y:e rest that was good"^[62]

Rotten ffish

- " hee saith that one M:r Bartlet who was Carpenter of the ship the Pease hath severall times aboard y:e said Ship told and affirmed to this Depo:t that the fish w:ch was sent & laden aboard y:e said Ship at Newfoundland, y:e Voyage, in question, was sent aboard by the arlate Luke Wood, in wet and rainy Weather, and some of that w:ch hee sent was quite rotten, and good for nothing or to that purpose, and the said Bartlett alsoe told this depo:t that y:e said Rotten fish w:ch y:e said Luke Wood laded on board the said Ship as aforesaid did damage y:e rest, and said that it had been better if the same had bin throwne over board"^[63]

Salmon

- "y:e sayd shipp came from and began this her outwards voyage from Stockholme with her p:rsent lading of goods being Iron pitch tarr Copper shott and Salmon...all to be unladen att this port of London whither she was bound and where she now is the foresayd Salmon excepted which is to be transported to Burdeaux and there unladen and delivered to Jan Van Pullen a facto:r for y:e sayd Swedish merchants there resideing."^[64]

Doe rotten that it fell & broke into peeces

- "at all the times that the said Ship was receiving and taking in her lading of ffish at
Newfound Land y:e said Luke Wood had all the mariners of the said Ship (but three or foure.) on shore: and saith that those w:ch were kept on board by y:e said Grove at the severall times of the sending fish on board at Newfound-land were kept to looke to the said Ship and to receive and stowe y:e said ffish on board y:e said Ship, and to Deliver out the Salt from on board the said Ship, And saith that this depo:t (when hee was on shore with y:e said Luke Wood) did see & hear many of the Inhabitants, of Newfoundland laugh & mock at this depo:t & the said Luke Wood and y:e rest of the shipps Crewe y:t were on shore; for being soe many of them on shore to make up and send ffish on board the said Ship; and leaveing their ship with soe few men on board her: And saith that y:e said Luke Wood did send some fish on board y:e said ship in y:e mornings before y:e sunne rysinge and in y:e Evenings when y:e dewe was on y:e Ground, which hee should not have done, and saith that some of the fish w:ch the said Wood sent on board was soe rotten that it fell & broke into peeces, as the same was handed into the said Ship; w:ch said Rotten ffish, and that w:ch was sent on board when the Dewe was on the Ground, did very much prejudice, and damage the other w:ch was laden in the said Ship"^[65]

English High Court of Admiralty: procedures

Adjugement of a prize

- "To the .13 he saith that in case the says shipp the Morning Starr shall be adiudged prize he this rendent expecteth benefit thereby according to the office he bore in the Advantage frigot. and according to an Act or Ordinance of parliament made in that behalfe, and not otherwise."^[66]

Advocates and Sollicitors of the Admiralty

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Appeal

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- ?Commissioners of appeal in the privy council (existed in 1801, but did this commission exist in mid-C17th?)

Appraisement and sale

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Condemnation

QUESTION: In any case in which a ship is condemned, establish how it is condemned by the court (e.g. condemned as a "droit of Admiralty")

Costs and damages

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Court jurisdiction

- "he answereth & beleeveth that he is a subiect of this Comon Wealth but not subiect to the Juxon of this Court by reason of this Suite"^[67]

Court of the Cinque Ports

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Expenses

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Foreign claimants

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Issuing of a warrant

- "he answereth & beleiveth that y:e sd Edward Peascott Michaell Peascott & Edward Randall have without iust cause arrested him by warr:t out of this Co:rt to answere them in their p?dsed cause of complaint"^[68]

Judgement of prize

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Judges

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Legal terms

- "[Practice in 1801] In term-time, the courts at Doctors' Commons with the by-week (only unobserved in the short interval of Easter term) make sessions of five weeks; there are five courts in a week, in which many cases of great length and importance, testimentary, matrimonial, and ecclesiastica, are heard."^[69]

Lord High Admiral

- Lord High Admiral is styled the Lieutenant of the Admiralty Board^[70], viewed 21/05/12

Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty

- Grant of power to the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty is from the sovereign (p. 12)

- Officers of the Admiralty are accountable to the Commissioners of the Admiralty for collecting and receiving (p. 12)

- The Board of Admiralty is executive, and as trustees of the sovereign, and as an inferior board of revenue in the case of droits, is "always subject to be superseded by the superior authority" (pp. 12-13)

Neutral claimants

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Prize Act

QUESTION: When wsa the first prize act passed in parliament and how did it substantively impact process and decisions of the High Court of Admiralty?

- The cruizers act of Queene Anne, 1703^[71]
--Gave the sole property, once forfeiture proven, to the captos, not to the Lord High Admiral (p. 17)

- "By the American act the prize offices were suppressed"^[72]

QUESTION: Can a prize of war be distinguished from a prize of forfeiture?

Proctors of the Admiralty

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Records of the Court

- "for the ?admidication or release thereof this Rendent referreth himself to the Records of this Court"^[73]

Registry of the Court

- "the said shippe the Elsabeth did w:thin the time arlate goe forth upon a man of warre voyage and had a Commission from this Court to all or most of the effects articulate And this Rendent went out Captaine and Commander of her and for more certaintie referreth himselfe to the said Commission remaynninge on the Registrie of this Court"^[74]

- "otherwise for his parte hee doth not beleeve hee is bound by lawe by lawe (sic) to answear saveinge hee referreth himselfe to the Registry of this Courte"^[75]

- The Register-Office was reported in 1801 to be "in great confusion"^[76]

- "in y:e foresaid Letter, there came a Bill of Lading inclosed to this Depo:t for y:e said three pipes of wine subscribed Pieter Bennery sent, and having nowe seene y:e bill of Lading arlate formerly exhibited into the Regry of this Court, hee saith the same is the said Bill of Lading soe receaved by him this Depo:t"^[77]

Sentences of the Court

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Waiters of the Prize Office

- "To the 11:th he saith he was not aboard the interrte shipp the Golden Starr till after said tyme as the ?Wayters for the Prize office came upon her in the behalfe of the State, and by authority of the Com:rs for the Prize Office; And he saith that after the sd Waiters were so aboard he saw the master of the Waterhound named BLANK IN MANUSCRIPT Grant take out of the Golden Starr a bag of moneyes of about six hundred peices of 8/8, and saw the Captaine of y:e Water hound Giles Shelley take out of y:e Golden Starr a quantity of moneyes in a Bagg, but how much in certaine he knoweth not, and saw likewise Capt MiXX Commander of the Advantage frigott take out of the sayd Golden Starr, in one or two baggs four hundred and three and twenty peices of eight and 1/2. And beleiveth that severall other parcells of moneyes were taken out of the sayd prize shipp he cannot specify, but beleiveth that all or most of the Company of the Advantage frigot, and of the Water hound that were aboard the Golden Starr att the tyme of seizure and afterwards before she came into the River of Thames had and tooke some small quantityes of the sayd moneyes, the values whereof he knoweth not. And saith that some of the Company of y:e sayd Advantage and Waterhound but who in pticular he knoweth not tooke out of the Golden Starr some small Jarrs of oyle and some other things the particulars or values whereof he cannot sett forth."^[78]

French High Court of Admiralty: procedures

Restoration of funds

- "he hath heard & doth beleeve that y:e said ship & all the goods were sold & the money or pt of it deposited in the Court, and afterwards the sd money so deposited was decreed to be delivered or restored as he beleeveth...what costs & charges, & port charges were necessarily expended about the same is not possible for him to knowe, but hee is willing to allow his pporcon of what shall be legally proved but he doth beleeve his Agent did disburse five or six pounds or thereabouts towards the recovery of y:e sd ship & goods or proceed, & the sd M:r did take up from this rendents factor the summe of thirty pounds or thereabouts upon p:etence of fraight whereas there was none, due as he beleeveth w:ch he still detaineth in his hands"^[79]

Fraudulent sale of a ship

- " after the said Harris and Powicke had used and imployed the arlate Shippe y:e Little George by y:e space of twenty monethes & uppwards as they beleeve and had utterly spoyled her for want of furnishinges and fittinge her with such things as they ought to have fitted her with and had sould or otherwise disposed of the said Shippe and her furniture or parte thereof, and on purpose to deceave these respondents of their shippe and freight as they beleeve they tould these responedents the said shipp was leakye and that they had lost her at Cales"^[80]

French in London

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Gambling

Arrested upon a pretended action of debt arising upon playing at cards

"in y:e moneth of Decemb:r last past, and upon or about y:e 24:th of y:e said moneth new stile, y:e 14:th old stile, the said Del Peino being then psonally present in this City caused this dep:t to be arrested upon a pretended action of debt arising upon playing at cards whereupon this depo:t immediately put in Baile, and afterwards caused the said Del Peino to be arrested, but finding him to be a person of an indigent and desperate fortune, did againe release him."^[81]

Genoese men of war

Genoese men of war seized an English ship

- "the Gunner & an other of her Company duXXXX ?boy who well speake good English told this deponent & others of the Lady ffrigotts Company that the Captainne of the Sta Cruse the better to enable him to seize the Lady ffrigott and her ladeing had a little before the sizure taken some Mariners & souldiers out of the foresayd two other Genoa men of warr And hee saith most of the Company of the Sta Cruse were Italians, and as they confessed belonged to Genoa...

To the 7:th arle hee saith that after the seizure of the Lady ffrigott & her ladeing severall of the Company of the Sta Cruse did confesse that they were sett out from Genoa upon a warlike designe a:t the Turk?s & had bin a great while abroad and Could get noe prizes & therefore they had taken a Spanish Commission which was only to last a certayne tyme, which tyme )as they sayd & acknowledged was expired two monethes before they seized the Lady ffrigott and her ladeing, but sayd alsoe that they were resolved ?although it were expired yet they would take any English shipps they ?would (OR, ?could) meete with This hee knoweth for that hee being Boatswaine of the Lady ffrigott & seized in her heard severall of the Sta Cruse her company speake the sayd words./"^[82]

Grocers

Merchant and Grocer of St Bartholomew Exchange, London, dealing in currans from the Morea

- "hee saith and deposeth that twenty hundred of ?Nathalago (OR, ?Mathalago) currans XXXX to and XXXke a XXXXX, and saith that in and during the monethes of November December January and ffebruary last ?Nathalago (OR, ?Mathalago) Currans were worth in this citie and would have yeilded three pounds and tenn shillings per hundred one hundred with another as the ordinary and XXXXX ?price for that XXXX w:ch hee knoweth ?being a ffreeman and a ?G:rocer of ?London and having XXXX used that trade, and thereby being well acquainted with the condition and price or valew of that commoditie"^[83]

Gunns swords & other Instruments of warr

- "a certayne shipp of about one hundred & fifty tonnes burthen manned for the most part with Italians, and called (as this deponent heard a dutch man who was Ma?ster of her & a dutch man who was gunner of her & an ?Irishman who was of her company & ?could XXX speake English saye after the seizure of the Lady ffrigot and her ladeing) the Sta Cruse, whereof (as they sayd) one ffrancisco Stale was Captaine came into Petrao Road with a white flagg on her poope and made asif shee intended peaceably to have Anchored neere the Lady ffrigott but when shee came neere her the sayd Stale & his Company instead of coming to an Anchor did in a warlike manner with gunns swords & other Instruments of warr...COMPLETE THIS TEXT" ADD SOURCE

Health risks

Unhealthfullness of the Lisbon to Brazil voyage

- "the Scipio had at Lisbon discharged her ladeing brought from Allecant the sayd Thomas Ewans the Master did take upon him a new voyage to be made from Lisbon to Brazeele & thence to returne to Lisbon & having contracted with the freighters for that new voyage acquainted his shipps Company therewith, who not being hyred for any such voyage were most off ?them unwilling to goe the same & refused to goe the same as being as ?they ?conceived an unlawfull voyage for that thereby they should XXXX the hazard of being taken by the hollanders w:ch were then at ?differences with the Portugueses in whose behalfe that voyage was to be made andalso be reason of the unhealthfullnesse of the voyage it being beyond ?the lyne & to the south latitude about fifteene degrees, whereupon the sayd Ewans seeing the unwillingnesse of the company to goe the sayd voyage to Brazeele did publiquely upon the deck of the Scipio in p:rsuance of this deponent & his p:rcontsts XXXXXhurst & XXgant & divers others of the sayd shipps company to encourage them the more readily to undergoe the sayd voyage voluntarily promised to advance his XXXXX Companyes wages five shillings in the pound per month from that tyme during the sayd XXXX over & above the wages hee had agreed with ?there for when ?hee shipped at London, and to pay every of them their wages then due till..."^[84]

Hurricanes

Spoyling of crops through Hurricanoes

- "a little before y:e arrivall of the said ship Peace at Nevis, the Tobacco plants Indico and Sugar Cane were there at at the other Leeward Islands, spoyled and rooted upp by reason of Hurricanoes w:ch happened there."^[85]

- " upon the arrivall of the said ship Peace at Nevis XXX the Leeward Islands that XXXX found that Hurricanoes and Stormes had spoyled most of the Sugar Canes, Tobaccoe, and Indicoes in those places, and had rooted many of them up, and saith hee alsoe then found many of them up, and saith hee alsoe then found many houses upon y:e said Island w:ch were blowne downe (As this depo:t was there Credibly Informed by many of the Islands) alsoe by the Violence of the said Stormes, and Hurricanoes, And saith that the greater pt of those goods w:ch were not spoyled as aforesaid were laden on board y:e fflemish ships w:ch were then there, And the English themselves w:ch were then. there. (in regard of the Difference betwixt England and Spaine) did Lade their goods, and embarque themselves on board y:e said fflemish ships And saith that one Captaine Thorne, Comander of an English ship, did stay at Nevis and S:t Christophers about three monethes to reaceave in a Lading of goods there but at Length came away from thence for London a great Part dead ffreighted, And y:e XX reason was for that y:e Hurricanoes and stormes as aforesaid had spoiled most of y:e Sugar Canes, Tobaccoe and Indicaoes, And alsoe for that the fflemings tooke away most of ..."^[86]

Ill behaviour of ship's master

Rude and uncivill manner

- "in his this deponents Judgment the shipp the Peace her voyage was overthrowne and spoiled by the evell (sic) behaviour of the sayd Thomas Grove therein the sayd Grove behaving him selfe in that rude and uncivill manner wheresoever hee came during the sayd voyage that such persons as had heard of or sawe hisbehaviour did not care to have anything to doe with him the sayd Grave or the arlate Luke Woods for his sake and therefore diverse of them did forbeare the ladeing of their goods aboard the sayd shipp of this deponents sight (OR, right) & certayne knowledge and such the sayd Groves rude and uncivill behaviour was generall observed and taken notice of by the whole shipps Company and by divers who had occasion to lade goods aboard the sayd shipp and have dealings with the sayd Luke Woods"^[87]

Stubborne & refractory carriage

- "the sayd Grove did not only in remote parts beyond the seas behave him selfe in such rude and disobedient manner as is before declared but alsoe after the sayd shipp was returned to Plymouth from the voyage in question the sayd Grove by his stubborne & refractory carriage there and his refuseing to obey the orders of the sayd Luke Woods was an occasion of the sayd shipps stay there a much longer tyme than shee needed to have done by reason that seavrll Merchants who had goods aboard the sayd shipp and which were there to be delivered came aboard to demand their goods, and brought their bills of ladeing and severall tymes demanded them andthe sayd Grove refused to deliver them, and stayed there about tenn dayes whereas hee might have there discharged all the goods hee was there to unlade in three dayes tyme at the most & then might have had the oportunity of a fayer winde to sayle for London which oportunitie the sayd Grove by his sayd refractory carriage lost & the winde by his long stay there coming contrary the sayd shipp could not get there and arrive at London soe soone as otherwise shee might have done if the sayd Grove had behaved him selfe civilly and bin obedient to order as hee ought to have done by a moneths tyme or thereabouts"^[88]

A man of lewde and debauched behaviour

- "Thomas Grove was a man of lewde and debauched behaviour and therefore they dearst not trust him with their goods or words to that effect for which reason hee beleeveth that the sayd Woods was much damnified by the sayd Groves debauched behaviour and lost much ladeing there which otherwise hee might have had"^[89]

In service of a foreign nation

In service of a foreign nation

- "hee acquainted his shipps company therewith who were most of them unwilling to goe the same they not being hyred as they sayd to goe any such voyage when they came from London as alsoe because the voyage was to an unhealthyfull Country lyeing beyond the Lyne about fourteene or fifteene degrees to the South latitude and in service of a foreigne Nation"^[90]

Insults made at sea and on land

Called him old Roague and old Pedler and old Pimpe

- "the sayd Grove in an outragious manner reviled the sayd Wood and called him old Roague and old Pedler and old Pimpe and other the like disgracefull names and told him the sayd Wood that if hee were not an old roague hee would drubb him And alsoe sayd (speaking to the sayd Woods) yo:u old roague yo:u were in the hold the other day but if ever I see yo:u in hold againe I will ?trice yo:u up with a tackle or hee spake other menaceing speeches to the same effect all which opporobious language & threates and other passages were soe done & spoken on the open deck in p:rsence & heareing of this deponent & the Boatswaine & most of the sayd shipps company"^[91]

Held upp his bare bumme or breech

- "the Captaine of the sayd Golden Starr in stead of showing submission to the authority of this Commonwealth being upon the Coasts of Englands as was demanded of him and is usuall did in a contemptuous manner returne skurrilous and base language and in an unbecoming and skornefull and reproach full way turned downe his breeches, and held upp his bare ?bumme or breech to the sayd Captaine Mill and Company, and waved his Cuttle axe bidding the sayd Captaine Mill Come to Leeward, all which this deponent saw and observed."^[92]

Opprobious language

- "the sayd Grove there fell a rayleing against the arlate Edward Crispe one of the Owners of & Adventurers of the sayd shipp the sayd voyage, and called the sayd Crispe dogg and roague and the like opprobrious language and saith they should suffer all for him the sayd Crispe or to that effect whereupon the sayd Woods endeavoured to perswade the sayd Grove to be quiett and for XXX such hisXXill language and telling him that though hee the sayd Grove did not affect the sayd Crispe, must therefore all who avere interested in the sayd shipp the sayd voyage suffer, or words to that effect, whXXXXX the sayd Grove replyed and sayd yes by ?God they should all farre the worse for him, (meaning the sayd Crispe) which words were spoken in p:rsence of this deponent and the sayd Yeomans, and Edward Spurling one of the sayd Shipps Company"^[93]

Sayd hee was a roague and a dogg

- "the sayd Grove before his goeing on shoare sayd before most of the sayd shipps Company that whosoever of them did ask any thing for Crispe (meaning the arlate Edward Crispe one of the Owners & Advenurers in the sayd shipp the voyage in question) hee would ?mallise or ?hate them during the voyage, or words to that effect & rayled against the sayd Crispe & sayd hee was a roague and a dogg & other the like expresonsfull towards ?him"^[94]

Yong Roague; and other reproachfull names

- "hee saith the said Luke Wood did all the said Voyage , give the said Grove as bad words as the said Grove gave or spake to or against the said Wood, and y:e said Wood oftentimes in this depo:ts hearing did call the said Grove Yong Rogue; and other reproachfull names and y:e said Wood told this depo:t that if it had not nin for him the said Wood y:e said Grove had never come in to y:e said Ship as M:r or to that effect, w:ch said Woods did disparidge the said Grove, and was as he saith a great meanes to make his Company or some of them slight him./.:^[95]

Insurance

Discharge of an insurance made on a single voyage following completion

- "this rendent haveing notice and intelligence that the said shipp was bound from Marcelles to Scanderoone & soe to Marcelles againe did att the imptantie and desire of M:r Gilbert Moorewood, and some other of her Owners and the said Cravens mother cause an Assurance for the said voyage onlie and noe longer to be made uppon the said shipp to the value of ?700:li and not above as he beleeveth the Premio whereof this rendent beleeveth the said Cravens mother paid w:ch voyage being ended and the said shipp comeinge safe to Marcelles againe the same was discharged, and voyded"^[96]

Irish in Amsterdam

- "this Depo:t well knoweth the arlate John Tilly Merchant residing at Amsterdam and soe hath done for theise twenty yeeres last or thereabouts, during all w:ch space y:e said John Tilly hath lived at Amsterdam, in Holland. and ?Dover here in England, And saith hee the said Tilly lived at Amsterdam as a Merchant Stranger, And is a Subject of this Comonwealth of England; And is Generally and Commonly accompted an Irish-man borne; and soe this Depo:t verily beleeveth hee is, And saith that hee this depo:t well knowe the said John Tilley ?is, ffather and Mother, who were both Commonly accomted Natives of Ireland; and spoke both of them y:e Irish Language, And knowe y:e said John Tylly, first living at Dover, where this Depo:t lived neere the house where y:e sd Tilly there lived for many yeeres together, and saith the said Tilly About 18 or 19 yeeres since went two Voyages with this Depo:t: from Dover and this Depo:t hath bin offentimes at the house of the said John Tilly in Amsterdam, and thereby knoweth y:e premisses"^[97]

Irish language

Father and mother spoke the Irish language

- " hee this depo:t well knowe the said John Tilley ?is, ffather and Mother, who were both Commonly accomted Natives of Ireland; and spoke both of them y:e Irish Language"^[98]

Monolingual in Irish language

- "shee this Depo:t hath well knowne y:e arlate John Tilly for about twenty yeeres last, and the said John Tilly for about for about Nine or Tenne yeeres last hath lived and resided at Amsterdam as
a merchant Stranger, and for about tenne yeeres bifore (sic), the said Tilly lived at Dover here in England, where this Depo:t first knewe him, and there the said Tilly his Mother lived with the said Tilly for many yeeres who was an Irish woman: & Could speake noe other Language than Irish"^[99]

Irish mariners

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Italian mariners on English ships

One Italian in an otherwise English crew

- "all the said Mariners that served in the said ship the Voyage [on the Lisbone ffrigott, from Ligorne to Canary Islands to Madeira to Barbary Coast to Madeira and back to London] in question, were English men, and subjects of the said Comonwealth (except one Carole Tye who was an Italian), w:ch said mariners together with y:e Master of the said ship, and the said Tye, Consisted and were Eleaven men and a boy, and not more. This hee knoweth for y:t hee went out Mate of the said ship, the Voyage in question, and soe Continued untill, and after her discharge here at this Port"^[100]

Italians in London

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Joint Account

Tradeing voyage from London and Amsterdam to Spanish West Indies

- "hee beleeveth the Outward Cargoe was bought and Provided upon y:e Joint Account of the Claime:rs and each of them at the returne of the ship was to have according to the Share hee advanced in y:e sd outward Cargoe"^[101]

Lading markes

Laden above her Lading markes w:ch is not usuall

- "?his said Ship was fully laden, And saith that y:e foresd Salt w:ch the said Grove as aforesd refused to take on board, could not without p:riudice have bin taken on board her. & saith the said Ship was laden above her Lading markes w:ch is not usuall, specially upon dangerous Coasts, & Saith shee then drew about 23 foot & XX inches a Sterne and about Eleaven foote and a halfe a head, And had the saud Grove taken in the foresaid two Boates Lading of Salt. w:ch the sd Grove refused to take on board. it would have much endangered the ship and Lading, & Company in her, in regard that those parts were then Stormy"^[102]

Not laden above her ladeing marke

- "hee knoweth not whether it bee usuall to lade shipps above their ladeing marke, but well knoweth that the shipp Peace the tyme Interrogate was not laden above her ladeing marke, and could very well have receaved more salt aboard her when shee was in ffrance than shee there receaved without any preiudice or danger to the sayd shipp or her ladeing as hee beleeveth"^[103]

Shee was laden about three Inches above her Lading marke.

- "from Pendennis Castle the said Grove sailed the said Ship to the River of Nants where shee tooke in the Lading of Salt and saith the said Grove did not refuse to receive or take on board the said Ship, any salt that was sent to the said Ship, untill such time as the said Ship was fully laden, and soe full that shee could not wuth safety beare more, because shee drew about thirteene ffoote water at her Sterne, and about Eleaven foot and galfe at her head, And saith shee was laden about three Inches above her Lading marke. w:ch is not usually done, neither ought shee to be laden above her Loading marke."^[104]

Languages spoken by ships crews

Dutch language

- " the said John Maetsuijker the Generall of the said Dutch East India Company at Battavia Did (upon or about the 11:th
day of December 1657) at Battavia give this Depo:t writing in the Dutch Language subscribed w:th his owne hand. signifying. the goode Carriage, and dilligence of this Depo:t And having now sene the third schedule annexed to the said Allon hee saith the same was and is the said Originall writing soe Given to this Depo:t and by the sd Generall & XXXXX this Deps saw the said ?Joan Mastsing subscribe the same"^[105]

Dutchmen and Irishman who spoke good English

- "all or the greatest part of the sayd shipps company that made the sayd seizure were Italians, except one dutch man who was Master XXXXX & an other dutchman that was gunner of her, & an Irish man who was one of her Company, and hee further saith that after the sayd seizure the sayd two dutch men & Irish man (who could & did speake all XXXX of them good English)..."^[106]

Molaine language

- " the said Antonio van Voozt then told this Depo;t that if hee did not dept from thence with the said ship without further trading ?There, hee would forthwith force this depo:t and y:e sd Ship and Company thereof to Dept thence; or to that effect, All w:ch words and XXXions passed betweene this Depo:t & y:e sd Van Voozt on board On board the sd Turtle Dove in the ?Molaine and English Language but w:th Languages the said Van Voozt, and alsoe this Depo:t well spake & understood and saith that one Kaleb ?Kime Mate of the Bantam heard some of the said words"^[107]

Laws & Customs

Lawes and Customes of the River of Thames

- "hee saith that the said Anchor did lye in as Convenient a birth for Ships to ride in as any in the River and M:r of Ships doe not use to cast their Anchor in such places. neither ought they soe to doe by the Lawes and Customes of the River of Thames, but are p:hibited soe to doe by the said Lawes & Customes And saith that by the said Lawes & Customes. (time out of minde) M:rs of Ships ought not to lett their Ancho:r lye above one Tide without buoys and in case they left them by longer without boyes. they are Liable to pay what dammage shall come thereby. w:ch hee knoweth having bin a Mariner for these 34 yeeres last or therabouts, and frequanting the River of Thames,"^[108]

London docks

Billingsgate dock

- "about the time arlate the shipp the Hopewell came and arrived at Billingsgate docke arlate"^[109]

Blackwall

- "hee last sawe the Consent about a weeke since lyeing in S:t Saviours docke And saith hee sawe the Phoenix last about two monthes since layeing at or neere Blackwall"^[110]

S:t Saviours docke

- "hee last sawe the Consent about a weeke since lyeing in S:t Saviours docke And saith hee sawe the Phoenix last about two monthes since layeing at or neere Blackwall"^[111]

Wapping dock

- " in or about the beginning of the moneth of August 1658, the said ship Warewell arived in the River of Thames with her Lading of Coles. and came to an Anchor a little belowe or against Wapping dock, and there moored in a very good and Convenient birth, where ships doe usually ryde at Anchor, and there rid in safety one floud and two Ebbs, during w:ch time there was noe appearance of any Ancho:r or buoy neere unto the place where the said ship was moored The premises hee deposeth for that hee this Depo:t belonged the said time to the James of London w:ch then came up y:e River the Tide before the Warewell came up, and moored a little above the Warewell, and this Depo:t did see the said ship y:e Warewell. take up her birth in y:e foresaid place, and tooke notice of her said mooring & ryding as aforesaid:...

...after y:e said Ship y:e Warewell had layne moored in y:e place aforesaid for the space of One ffloud and two Ebbs. shee happened to be bilged upon an Anchor w;ch lay within the said ships birthe w:ch had not then any boy fastned to it, and saith that soo soone as y:e said ship y:e Warewell was preceived to be bilged by her not XXXXing in the River, this Depo:t and severall other Mariner:rs belonging to other ships that Rid there went p:rsently on board her, and found her then to have foure fooote water in her hold. And saith that this Depo:t & y:e said other mariners & alsoe the Warewells Company, did Labo:r very hard and used their best Endeavo:rs to XXXXX the said ship ashore, and to that end did pumpe her , and heave out about three Lighters of Coles: and then by their greate Labo:rs and endeavo:r go her some what neerer to the shore, and then heaved about another Lighter of Coales. out of her. and did all that they could possibly doe to p:rvent further dammages that might have happened to the said Ship and Coles by reason of her said bilging on y:e said Anchor"^[112]

Long term merchant residents overseas

- "hee [Robert Bevin, of London, merchant] saith hee is of the age of 36 yeeres or thereabouts and hath knowne y:e Said Cowling for y:e time aforesaid. but knoweth not his ffather or mother and hath bin Credibly informed that the said Cowling was borne at or neere Rippon in Yorkeshire...

the said Cowling hath lived at the Canaryes for all the time of this Depo:ts Knowledge of him, but knoweth not when hee went first thither, And saith hee hath, not bin in England since this Depo:ts Knowledge of him, that hee knoweth of, And saith y:e said Cowling is a Bachelo:r and payes Customs , for his goods, as other merchant Strange:rs doe; but no ?Tapes or Contribucons"^[113]

Market glut & dearth

Glut in Nevis

- "y:e said Ship arrived at Nevis on the Eighth of November 1657: and there lay about four or five weekes before the said Wood, sent any fish or gods. to S:t Christophers: and in that time there arrived att the ?sd Islands severall vessells laden with fish, and other Comodityes w:ch did much glut the market there; and thereby did hinder y:e Sale of the ffish brought in the Peace and saith that when the Peace arived at Nevis there was (as this depo:t was informed by the Islanders great want of ffish, and then as hee beleeveth the said Wood might have had a good market for it
and saith that at y:e first, comming of the said shipp y:e Pearce to Nevis y:e said Wood sold his fish after y:e rate of a pound of fish, for a pound of Sugar, and saith that Nevis Sugar is accounted better than Barnadoes Sugar"^[114]

The market was at Barbadoes very bad and dead

- "the said Luke Woods order the said Grove when hee had missed the Barbadoes to saile to Martinice and soe to Nevis, & y:e sd Grove did soe accordingly, And after y:e sd Ship had bin at Nevis about a Moneth or six weekes. y:e said Thomas Grove was very Earnest to goe to the Barbadoes, and y:e said Wood Consented thereunto and caused Noates to be set up in the remarkable places in Nevis and S:t Christophers that the ship the Peace was goeing to the Barbadoes, but when y:e Ship was ready, and Grove willing to goe the said Woods refused to goe to the Barbadoes, and would not suffer the said Grove to goe; for that (as the said Wood said) the market was at Barbadoes very bad and dead, & sugar there very ?scarced"^[115]

Mariners' houses

House in Stepney

- "M:rs Crafford well knowes this depo:t Thomas Hale, Mariner, Mariner, former Boatswaine and Master's mate on the Elizabeth and Mary be one of y:e sd Ships Company y:e voyage in question. and came to him three yeeres since to his house at Stepney about this busines"^[116]

Mariners' skills

Able Master of a ship

- "for about three yeeres last hee hath sailed in y:e said ship Peace with the said Thomas Grove [Master of the Peace], and thereby Knoweth. that hee is an able skillfull, and Experienced Seaman, & soe Comonly accounted and hath as hee hath heard used y:e Sea for a long time"^[117]

Literacy

- "the foresaid William Tizard [One of the mates onboard the Peace] Cannot write nor read, & had onely one Instrm:t onboard w:ch was a forestaffe"^[118]

Masters and Commanders

Promotion to Master after twelve years at sea

- "hee hath used the sea for about Eighteene yeeres last, & about six yeeres last hath bin a Master of a ship; And saith hee knoweth not what heis worth"^[119]

Merchants' houses

Houses in Dover and Amsterdam

- "The premisses shee deposeth for that she Lived at Dover. neere to the house whereof the said John Tilly there lived for y:e space of about tenne Yeeres, and hath alsoe Very often bin at the house where y:e sd John Tilly lived at Amsterdam"^[120]

Navigational errors

Could not gain the latitude of the Island of Barbadoes

- "by meanes of Contrary windes, and Calmes, and Hurricanoes (w:ch were very frequent then there insoemuch that neither the said Grove nor this depo:t nor y:e other mates on board her could gaine the Latitude) The said ship did misse the Island of the Barbadoes, And not by the Willfullnes Ignorance or Carlessnes of the said Thomas Grove; And after the said Grove did perceive that the said Ship had missed the Barbadoes, hee told the said Wood (in the presence of this depo:t and others of the said Ships Company) that hee would beate it up againe (meaning the Barbadoes) and the said Grove did endeavour to saile to the Barbadoes, and hee haveing spent about Eighteene houres thereabout, (after they perceived that they had missed it,) The said Luke Wood, in this depo:ts presence gave the said Grove speciall order to saile the said ship to Martini?ce, and from thence to Mevis, w:ch the said Grove accordingly did; And saith that hee verily beleeveth that the said Grove would have Got to the Barbadoes with the said Ship, in (about) tenne Dayes of time, after hee perceived it was missed, if the said Wood would have sufferred him soe to doe, and not have ordered him to leave off his Endeavouring and saile to Martinice & soe to Mevis, And saith that all the Voyage from Newfoundland towards the Barbadoes the said Thomas Grove did use, and doe his uttmost endeavo:r in sailing y:e said Shipp directly for the Barbadoes, and did ...."^[121]

Disagreement about position of ship after hurricanes and contrary winds

- "the said Ship in her passing from Newfound:d towards the Barbadoes did meet with many Hurricanoes Gal?wes , and Contrary winds, And saith that about three dayes before the said ship arrived at Sta Lasia. aforesyd the said Grove Asked this depo:t (who was one of his Mates how farr they were to windward of the Barbadoes. by his Account, to w:ch hee answered, that by his account they were about 130 Leagues to the windward of the Barbadoes and y:e said Grove alsoe asked y:e Interrate Roger Grove and y:e Interrate William Tizard to the effect aforesaid, and y:e sd Grove made answer that hee was by his account about 140 Leages to windward of the Barbadoes: and y:e said Tizard said y:t by his account hee was about 100 Leagues to Windward of the Barbadoes or to that effect, and y:e said Thomas Grove y:e M:r of the said Ship said y:t by his account heee was above 100 Leagued to Windward of the Barbadoes: And further saith that y:e said William Tizard (who was shipped Cheife mate of the said Ship y:e said Voyage by y:e sd Wood) was and is an illiterate and unskillfull pson, and one that cannot write his name ans was not Capable of his said Office or place; and had noe Instrum:ts on board y:e said ship to doe and performe his said place, but a fewe ?Staffs and saith that hee beleeveth the reason of the said Shipsmissing the Barbadoes y:e said Voyage was occasioned and came by the said Hurricanes; and XXXXX, and Contrary winds"^[122]

Hee did advise the Master Thomas Grove to keepe a more Easterly course

- "the arlate Thomas Grove was from Newfound land bound directly for the Barbados, as by the bill of ladeing doth an may appeare and saith that hee hath heard the arlate Robert Grove one of the Mates of the Pease who had formerly bin at the Barbados, saye that hee did advise the Master Thomas Grove to keepe a more Easterly course than hee did & that the sayd Thomas thereupon answered him the sayd Robert Grove & sayd hee should not ?watch him to finde the Barbados for he could tell well enough here to dinde it though hee had not bin there yet, and soe the sayd Thomas Grove holding on his course did not of this deponents sight and knowledge come with his shipp into the ?due latitude for the Barbados but in steade of gaining the Barbados made the Islands of S:t Lusea and upon the eigth day of November 1657 arrived with the Pease at ?Nevis"^[123]

Not by Willfullnes Ignorance or Carlessnes

- " this depo:t came on board y:e said Ship y:e Peace at Plymouth y:e sd Voyage and came from Plymouth in her to this Port, and saith aboard y:e sd ship hee was familiarly acquainted with y:e said Bartlett; And this Depo:t and the said Bartlet having discourse together about y:e former pt of Voyage in question, The said Bartlett told this Depo:t , that hee was Confident that M:r Grove did not misse the Barbadoes, through his inability, and this depo:t asking hom whether hee did it willfully? for if hee was able, what is the reason he missed it? (To w:ch the said Bartlett made answer, that for my part I cannot charge him with any such thing; for y:e Condition of the weather was soe bad that the ablestman whatsoever might then have missed the Barbadoes. or to that effect"^[124]

Putting y:e helme a starboard when they should have put it a port

- "the Abigail be suncke in y:e sea, the same happened and came ?meerely by y:e fault & negligence of y:e said Lowezick and Company or some of them in Coming up soe fast as aforesd and in putting y:e ?helme a starboard when they should have put it a port, and not by any fault or negligence whatsoever in y:e said Hall or any of his Company"^[125]

Ships frequently miss the Barbadoes

- "Ships doe usually misse the Island of Barbadoes, by reason of Greate Currants. and foule and Thicke weather w:ch often times happens in these parts"^[126]

Neutral carriers

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Nevis

Plantations damaged by hurricanes

- "hee this Depo:t on or about the first day of January 1657: arrived at Nevis where hee ?found that y:e Hurricanes had spoiled y:e plantaccons ?there..."^[127]

New England

A New England man

- "the arlate John BoleX a new England man"^[128]

Packers and packing of goods

Packer for a Canary wine importer

- "The premisses hee deposeth being y:e sd producents packer, and hathe as hee beleeveth packed goods at severall times for y:e sd producent to the vallue of above twenty Thousand pounds"^[129]

Payment of ransom

Ransom paid to Tripoly

- "this rendent & his sd ship & ladeing were taken by three Tripoly men of warr, & carried to Tripoly & XXX XXXX ship & lading all lost, & this rendent & his Company made prisoners as he beleeveth, where this rendent continued by the space of Three moneths & ?od dayes, & then was ransomed w:ch cost him ?800. dollars as he beleeves, & this rendent beleeveth that all the rest of the sd Comp:ie who are liveing except Edward ?Paull are there yet in captivity"^[130]

Perception of risk

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Petrao Road

- "the sayd shipp ?y:e Lady ffrigott was in the moneths & tyme arlate taken to freight by Alderman Andrew Riccard & Company for a tradeing voyage from London to ?Petrao and other pts beyond the Seas to lade Currans & other goods for their Account & bring the same for London & there deliver them to them or their Agents In order whereto the sayd shipp hee saith did in the moneths & tyme arlate safely arive in Petrao roade where and at Ma?thaligo the Agents of the sayd Alderman Riccard & Company laded one hundred & sixty tonnes of Currans of the growth of Mathalago:s and Petrao ad divers other goods & money for their use and Accompt to be transported for London & there delivered to them or their Agents for their use"^[131]

Plague

Ship shunned because came from Italy where plague was prevalent

- "after hee the said Tye had bin ashore [at the port of Oratava in the Canary Islands] about five houres, the said Ketcher sent foure of his Company in his boate to shore to knowe whether the said Tye had gott any Prattick for the said Ship, and upon his Coming aboard hee told the said Ketcher in the Presence of the Deck of the said Ship, that the Spaniards on shore would not upon any meanes let them have Prattick for their said Ship there, in regard shee came from Italy, where the plague then was or verie lately before had bin, and said that they would not soe much as lett him goe ashore to goe up to the Towne of Oratava, because hee was an Italian and Came from Italy. but spake and talked to him, upon a Rock where the said Dutch Boate set him, or to that Effect"^[132]

Port charges

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Port Time Sources

- Unlading & Relading time in Lisbon port, 165X

Portuguese in London

ADD DATA

Probability, likelihood, & contingency

Probabilty of a ship arriving if another event had not taken place

- "the shipp the Lady frigot allegate and the said shipp the VirginX frigat were designed and intended to come together in company to this port, to w:ch purpose the Lady frigot was intended to come from Morea to Zante and thence to come along with the VirginXX w:ch if shee had done, and that the VirginX, XXXX had not XXXXXX, the said shipp the Lady frigot with her lading allegate and in all probabilitie arrived here in ffebruary last as the XXX frigot did."^[133]

Likelihood of a contingent event

- "had the said Ketcher sent his boate and foure of his Company, in it on shore at such time as the said Spanish Vessells came as aforesaid they would in all likelihood have taken the said Ship the Lisbone ffrigot for want of men And further hee cannot depose"^[134]

Problems of navigating to Barbadoes

Great currents & foul weather

- "hee hath used y:e Barbadoes XXXXX of a ship for about six yeeres last. and thereby knoweth that Ships doe usually misse the Island of Barbadoes, by reason of Greate Currants. and foule and Thicke weather w:ch often times happens in these parts"^[135]

Profitability of voyages

Profits could vary significantly between consecutive voyages made by the same ship

- "he answeareth and beleeveth that the voyage from hence to Newfoundland and soe to Mallaga and hence to London the said shipp cleered in the whole shipp 105:li & not above as he beleeveth, and in the next voyage from hence to Mallaga, & home againe 107:li & not above as he beleeveth 14:li whereof more than his share & Randall Crewe receaved of under M:r Roydeon and for the voyage in the service of of the State the said shipp iXXXX XXX had beene XXX ?did cleere betwixt eight and nine hundred poundes about 500:li whereof is still unpaid and the remainder beinge about 400:li and Daniel Bright one of the Owners of the said shipp receaved & paid to everie Owner as he beleeveth theire XXXXX XX shares thereof And for the last voyage from hence to Barcellona and then to Marselles and soe to Barbary and Marcelles againe this rendent beleeveth there was losse uppon the said voyage about 440. or 450:li by reason the said shipp was imbargoed att Marcelles by the space of sixe monthes the Plague beinge then aboard her" (HCA 13/125 Box Two)

Knock on effects of a merchant's failure on the profitability if a voyage through failure to pay freight

- "after such tyme as the arlate Craven came into the said shipp the Jeremie he did make onlie one voyage w:ch was from Marcelles to Scanderoone and soe to Marcelles againe, and that att his returne thither before his fraight was paid as this rendent beleeveth his Merchant broke soe that he lost all his freight as he beleeveth" (HCA 13/125 Box Two)

Punishment & discipline on board ship

Correction

- "the said Grove. did (in his passage from Plymouth for London of this depo:ts knowledge strive to make the mariners doe their dutyes in y:e performance of the said voyage; as neere and as much as hee could, And saith y:e said Grove for their Careles neglects of their dutyes did give some of them Correction, And further deposeth that Richard Blagne Boateswaine of the said Ship y:e said Voyage, did acknowledge to this depo:t that hee the said Blagne had Received five pounds of the said Luke Wood more than any other of the said Shipps Company, And the foresaid Bartlet (hee saith) did aboard y:e said Ship tell this depo:t That hee the said Bartlet , would spend all that ever hee had even the very Cloathes on his back, but hee would be revenged of the said Grove, and lay him soe XXXX in prison that hee should bever be in Capacity to XXX XXX same ship againe; And saith that one Capell who was Cooper of the said Ship y:e said Voyage, did tell this depo:t oftentimes, and alsoe others of the said Ships Company. That if [if may be crossed out] hee the said Capell would ?part (OR, ?pass) his body and soule to hell, but hee would be revenged of the said Grove for Correcting of him or to that purpose"^[136]

Y:e said Grove did Moderately Correct one Thomas Capell the Cooper

- "the said Thomas Grove did during the whole Voyage strive and endevo:r to make his marine:rs doe their Dutyes in the pformance of their severall offices & places, and upon severall occasions & Carles neglects of their dutyes the said Grove would and did punish them with moderate Correction, and ptiuclarly hee saith that y:e said Grove did Moderately Correct one Thomas Capell the Cooper of the said Ship y:e sd Voyage who was a ?Stabbozild and Carles ffellowe. And further cannot depose saving y:t one Richard Blake?r Boatswaine of the said Ship y:e sd Voyage hath told this depo:t and others that hee the XYXrlate had rec?eaved 5:s of the said Luke Wood, more than than of the rest of the Company"^[137]

40 strokes with a ropes end upon his bare shirt

"y:e said James Montjoy complained of y:e said Ward M:r in that he put 6 men to 4 mens allowance the said Ward & his Mates seized y:e said Montjoy to y:e Capstone and hung a 150:li weight of shott about his neck, and that he y:e said Montjoy telling y:e said Ward and his mates that he Conceied the Parl:t would not suffer such wrong to goe unpunished, they made answer in this manner, what tell you of y:e Parl:t if y:e said Montjoy were soe great with them, he would rubb him for their sakes, and gave him a bou?t 40 strokes with a ropes end upon his bare shirt whereby y:e said James Montjoy hath suffred much"^[138]

Purchase of naval stores

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Pursers

- "the said ship the Saphire (XXXX hee only depose) had Laden and put a bord her a Cargazoone of goods the pticulars whereof & to whom consigned are specified in this depon:ts Pursers booke of fraight delivered to the said General Blake or to such as he appointed to receave the same to ?w:ch for more certainty herein hee refereth himselfe"^[139]

- "hee this deponent XXX him XXXXXX ?the said ?place of ?master for all the said time, and XXXX voyages in ?her in the yeares 1651, 1652 and 1653 as Purser of her, and kept the account as to the said owners"^[140]

Quality

Serving on a ship in a given Quality

- "the said Hill of this Depo:ts Knowledge did serve in y:e sd ship XX doe his duty well and truely on board y:e said Ship, and did well deserve his foresaid wages:, And saith that thirty shillings was the said time usually paid to men that served in y:e foresaid Quality on board ship in such Voyages: The reason of his Knowledge of the p:rmisses is for that he this Depo:t Continued on board the said Ship in y:e Quality aforesaid from such his Coming on board her, untill, and along time after y:e Death of the said Andrew Hill"^[141]

Refusal to take an oath

Refusal to take an oath in the High Court of Admiralty

- "in obedience to his said warrants, and that they XXXXX unto him as hee beleiveth, their said Comission and declared unto him their power given XXXXX and the effect of the said Commission, and that hee was called as a witnesse to be examined thereupon, and that they sitting as com:es did admXXXX this rendent to take his oath as a Witnes to depose the trutht upon such matters as ?any ?could be expressed, and this respondent desiing to know of them what it was hee should bee examined upon, they or XXX of them answered that hee should know that, when hee had taken his oath, and that this respondent againe insisted and prayed them that hee might know before his swearing, what hee should be examined upon, and withall told and XXXX unto them, that hee was readie and would sweare that hee never tooke nor XXX XXX nor bought in XX any of the goods taken or that were out of the said shipp to his knowledge, but they still refusing to acquaint or tell him what matters hee should be examined upon, hee refused to take his oath, and would not be examined by or before them upon oath unlesse hee might know the matter concerning w:ch hee should bee examined before his taking his oath"^[142]

Refusal to pay mariners' wages

Refusal of Duke of Venice to give satisfaction for forced use of ship to service the Venetian fleet

- " there this rendent was offered a fraight to Smirna & soe to Venice againe w:ch this rendent accepted of, but dureing such tyme as he was at Venice intreating about the same the Duke of Venice or his Officers forced this rendent & his sd ship into their Service contrary to this rendents good will & likeing to carry bread from thence to ?candy for the ffleete w:ch this rendents ship accordingly did & arrived & delivered the same there in or about y:e beginning of december 1655. as he believeth for w:ch this rendent never received any satisffaction at all and doth declare that so soone as hee shall receive satisffaction for the same he shalbe ready & willing to pay his sd Marrin:es what shalbe due unto them for y:e same"^[143]

Failure of mariners to defend their ship from seizure

- "he [Elias Beake, London merchant] hath bin required to pay wages to the sd Salter & others, & y:t he doth justly refuse as he humbly conceiveth, for the sd pties, or some of them coming to him to demand their wayges he asked them why they did not defend their sd ship & goods & make shott at y:e vessell y:t tooke them y:t so they might have beaten them of & saved the vessell & goods for the Own:es that they might have had incouragem:t to have paid them for their good service, to w:ch answear was made that whoe should have kept them if they had been wounded, or lost a Limb or to that effect, so that of marrin:es should refuse to use their gunnes in this manner the Own:es had as good throw them into y:e Sea as carry them in their Ships & if they may give up their vessells & goods & returne home & receive their wages as usuall"^[144]

Risk

Risque

- "for his the said John Scrother the producents accompt and risque"^[145]

River of Thames

Tidal conditions

- "in or about the beginning of the moneth of August 1658, the said ship Warewell arrived in the River of Thames with her Lading of Coles. and came to an Anchor a little belowe or against Wapping dock, and there moored in a very good and Convenient birth, where ships doe usually ryde at Anchor, and there rid in safety one floud and two Ebbs, during w:ch time there was noe appearance of any Ancho:r or buoy neere unto the place where the said ship was moored
The premises hee deposeth for that hee this Depo:t belonged the said time to the James of London w:ch then came up y:e River the Tide before the Warewell came up, and moored a little above the Warewell, and this Depo:t did see the said ship y:e Warewell. take up her birth in y:e foresaid place, and tooke notice of her said mooring & ryding
as aforesaid...

...after y:e said Ship y:e Warewell had layne moored in y:e place aforesaid for the space of One ffloud and two Ebbs. shee happened to be bilged upon an Anchor w;ch lay within the said ships birthe w:ch had not then any boy fastned to it, and saith that soo soone as y:e said ship y:e Warewell was preceived to be bilged by her not XXXXing in the River, this Depo:t and severall other Mariner:rs belonging to other ships that Rid there went p:rsently on board her, and found her then to have foure fooote water in her hold. And saith that this Depo:t & y:e said other mariners & alsoe the Warewells Company, did Labo:r very hard and used their best Endeavo:rs to XXXXX the said ship ashore, and to that end did pumpe her , and heave out about three Lighters of Coles: and then by their greate Labo:rs and endeavo:r go her some what neerer to the shore, and then heaved about another Lighter of Coales. out of her. and did all that they could possibly doe to p:rvent further dammages that might have happened to the said Ship and Coles by reason of her said bilging on y:e said Anchor...

...the said Ship Warewell came and moored in y:e said place about an hower and halfe before high water, and it was about two howers ffloud when shee was bilged on the said Anchor"^[146]

Role of consuls

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Set out against the Turkes

- "the sayd shipp the Sta Cruse was sett out from Gennoa as a man of warr against the Turkes" ADD SOURCE

Sheriff's Court of London

Sueing in the Sheriff's Court

- "hee this Rendent hath sued and doth still sue and impleade the said George Cobden in the Sheriffs Court of London for the said sugars in an action of ?Trover; and alsoe beleeveth that y:e six tonnes of sugar soe as aforesaid by him laded or reputed to be laden aboard the said shipp the James in Carlisle bay, and the goods or sugars by him sued for in the sid Sheriffs Court, were and are the same goods or sugars, and not diverse"^[147]

Ship equipment

Anchors

- "the said Anchor [of the Warewell] was Carryed on shore, and beleeveth that it weighted about five ?or six hundred weight"^[148]

Ship prices

- "a stXXX shipp of the burthen of 200 tunnes and upwards: and was worth with her tackle and furniture having bene newly fitted and equipped the summe of one thousand pounds ?sterl in the Judgm:t of this deponent"^[149]

- "she was a strong and tight shipp and had bene but one voyage before att sea from the tyme of her first building and was of the burthen of .200 tonnes or thereabouts and had in her sixteene ?persons, and the tackele apparell and furniture of and belonging unto her were likewise good and new And the freight of the says hipp so provided with gunns and tackle was well worth the summe of 250:li sterl p moneth And soe much was and is usually given p moneth for a shipp of her burthen and goodnes"^[150]

Ship wrecks

Her breaching in peeces

- "y:e Anne was driven upon y:e sd sands, and the Seas were ?mighty boysterous. Insomuch that they beate over y:e Deck of the sd ship with sich a fforce that y:e Company on y:e Deck could Scarce Stand upon their Leggs, and saith there were XXXXX saved, and brought out of the said ship, just before her breaching in peeces, and saith y:e bookes of Accounts belonging to y:e ship, was not brought out. but left in her, when her Company left her. And saith that, after the sd ship ?Struck upon y:e Sands, her Company had noe time to Take any of their owne goods (save what they had about them) were all busied about hoysting out their boate (OR, boats)"^[151]

Breaking and splitting in the sands

- "hee went from Gravesend in y:e sd Ship y:e voyage in question, and Continued onboard till shee was breaking and splitting on y:e said sands"^[152]

Using other meanes for saving of their Lives

- "after the ?said Ship came upon y:e said Sand?s her Company had noe time either to save any paps or any of their Cloathes or goods w:ch were in y:e sd Ship, but were most of them Imployed about Hoysting out their boate, and using other meanes for saving of their Lives."^[153]

High winds, foule weather, and greate Tides

- "when they came from thence [ffalmouth] y:e winde was faire, and y:e next day y:e weather Changed, and was very Boisterous, and y:e said other Ships which were bigger, and better sailers than the Anne; left her behinde them, and y:e sd ship Anne by y:e said High winds, foule weather, and greate Tides (and by ?noe other meanes) was forced and driven upon y:e Coast of ffrance, about tenne Leagues to the Westward of ?Bullen, where shee as aforesd: was broken in peeces and utterly lost."^[154]

Shipping charges

- "it being very notorious & well knowne to the sd M:r Wayn Wright & all other mrchants that use the East countrey trade that every Last of wheate payeth one dollar the charges at Stettin & Stralsound & the charges for Smacks & boates to bring y:e sd corne on board, & petty pilotage & other dutyes, all w:ch heethis rendent did really pay"^[155] ADD SOURCE

Spanish crew on English ships

Voyage from London to Amsterdam to Trinidad and the Spanish West Indies and back to London

- "hee saith there were twenty men and a boy belonging to the said shipp when shee XX XXXXX Milford, whereof seaven were Spaniards the said John Lopez being one of the said Spaniards, and saith three of the said Spaniards are in London, and the rest were left abroad"^[156]

Spanish in London

- "this Depo:t [MANUEL DE FONSECA of London Merchant, aged 21 yeeres] was borne at Badajos in Spaine, and is a Batchelo:r and hath lived for theise six yeeres last in this City, and for foure yeeres before hee lived in ffrance and Holland, Ans saith the said M:r ffernandes wife is this Depo:ts Ant, and this Depo:t liveth with the sd ffernandez in y:e Quality aforesd"^[157]

Staires and steps

- "in the moneth of November last, as this depo:t was goeing to y:e Waterside; neere Colestaires, hee sawe one John Tyler, & some others talking and discoursing in a Carpenters yard with one Mordecay Yonge" (HCA 13/73))

States service

- "gone in the States Service" (HCA 13/73))

Stopping, searching, & seizing ships

- "the shipps arlate were stayed at y:e Isle of Wight by the Governour or his deputye at Yarmouth castle in the said Island upon information given by some of their owne Company as hee beleeveth that they were bound for Spayne"^[158]

Sugar

Nevis vs. Barbadoes sugar

- "at y:e first coming of the said ship y:e Peace to Nevis y:e said Wood sold his fish after y:e rate of a pound of ffish, for a pound of Sugar, and Saith that Nevis Sugar is accounted better than Barbadoes Sugar"^[159]

Nevis sugar is a great deale better Cured or dryed

- "the said Wood had Receaved a Letter from, his Correspondent XX XXXX of Barbadoes, that fish their would yeild but halfe a pound Weight of Sugar, and that hee y:e sd Correspondent. had sold all the said Woods ffish brought in the Peece, at that rate, and therefore desired the said Wood to come XXX his said Ship to the Barbadoes, But saith that y:e said Wood of this depo:ts knowledge at Nevis had a pound of Nevis sugar for a pounds of ffish, And that was as this depo:t verily beleeveth the reason and cause why the said Wood would not voe to y:e Barbadoes with his said ffish: And saith that hee this depo:t is very well versed in y:e nature, and Quality of Barbadoes Sugar, and Nevis sugar and therby knoweth that a pound of Nevis sugar is well worth two pounds of the Barbadoes sugar; in regard Nevis sugar is a great deale better Cured or dryed"^[160]

Supracargoe

Powers of supracargo

- "the arlate Luke Woods did goe the voyage in question absolute and sole Supracargo & manager of the sayd shipp Pease as well for the parts that XXXXXXX hee the sayd Woods had hyred as for the other five eighths which was soe freighted by and belonged to the sayde Brewer and Crispe And was soe impowered to goe Supracargo and sole manager of the sayd Brewer & Crispe their five eighth parts by the sayde Brewer and Crispe"^[161]

Powers of supracargo touching the lading unlading and reladeing of a ship

- "the sayd Woods being sole supracargo of the sayed shipp for the voyage in question both the Master and Mariners ought to obey and observe the orders of the sayd Luke Woods as Supracargo as touching the lading unlading and reladeing of the sayd shipp & to goe with the shipps boate, & with the sayd shipp from place to place according as the sayd Woods should for his best advantage of tradeing in the sayd voyage direct and appoint"^[162]

Conflict between Master and supracargo

- "imediately after the sayd Grove had soe threatned and reviled the sayd Wood, hee the sayd Woods did in a civill & mylde manner demand of the sayd Grove why he would not lett him have any salt from on board and the sayd Grove replyed & sayd that the shipp wanted stiffneing or ballast whereto the sayd Wood answered and sayd to the sayd Grove why then did yo:w not a day agoe send for more stones whereto the sayd Grove replyed and sayd hee had forgott it & the sayd Woods then asked the sayd Grove what hee would doe when he had more stones aboard whereto the sayd Grove replyed and sayd that then hee would carry them on shoare againe And these speeches passed betwixt the sayd Grove & Woods publiquely upon the deck in p:rsence & hearing of this deponent and most of the shipps Company the sayd Wood speakeing soe loude and with such rage & fury that people who stood on shoare stood gazeing and wondering to see & heare such words & behaviour proceede from a Master of a shipp to his Supracargoe./"^[163]

Terra Firma

North American continent as "Terra Firma"

- "?departed in or about November 1657 to ComXXXX a coast on the terra firma"^[164]

Timber yards

Timber yard in Lisbon

- "hee was in y:e said yard (out of w:ch y:e said Logwood was taken & sent on board y:e said ship) whilest, some of the sd wood was weighing, and sawe most of it sent, and brought aboard y:e said ship, y:e said yard being neere y:e waterside & neere unto y:e place: where his ship lay"^[165]

Trade between London and Amsterdam

Interchangeability of London and Amsterdam for trade with Spanish West Indies

- "about the monethes of May and June 1657: the arlate M:r ffernandez and M:r Page had discourse and treaty with John Lopes about sending a ship and Cargoe from England or Holland to the Spanish West Indias for the Account of them the said M:r ffernandez and M:r Page, and Company"^[166]

Trade between London and Lisbon

ADD DATA

Trade between London and Norway

ADD DATA

Trade with the Canary Islands

English merchants trading under Dutch names

- "English merchants doe, (and have done since y:e warre betwixt England and Spaine) trade at y:e Canaryes under fained and fictitious Dutch names the better to Colo:r their goods, and p:eserved them from Spanish Capture."^[167]

Transmission of news between ports

Arrival of news of English capture of Dunkirke in Canary Islands

- "about such time as the said Tye had bin y:e second time ashore, as aforesaid there was news come to the Road of Oratava and places adhjacent that the English had taken Dunkirke, and had killed all the Spaniards therein after they had given them quarter"^[168]

Travel Time Sources

Inverness to Rochell

- "he answereth & beleeveth That the weather ?serving a ship doth usually & may saile from Innvrnes to Rochell in ?20 dayes or thereabouts"^[169]

Gravesend to coast of Greeneland and back to Gravesend

- "the sd ship sett sayle from Gravesend upon or about the fourteenth of Aprill 1656. & not before as they beleeve at w:ch time & not before the sd monethly pay was to begin in case the sd pties had behaved themselves as they ought to have done, & these rendents further beleeve that y:e ship the Greyhound came back againe into the River of Thames & was here discharged upon or about the fowrteenth day of September 1656 as they beleeve"^[170]

Lisbon to Brazil (exact Brazilian destination unspecified)

- "y:e sd ship the Scipio did enter upon & begin her voiage for Brazeel to wit in y:e lading of her goods for that place the 3:d of September 1649. and that y:e sd ship did dept from Lisborne upon y:e sd voiage the 5:th day of November arlate 1649 & ?arrived at Brazeele the 6:th day of March 1649 [i.e. 1650] & there discharged her lading about y:e end of Aprill 1650 & that upon the 20:th of June 1650. y:e sd ship did set saile in company of the portugall fleete for Lisborne againe, and was afterwards put back with the rest of y:e fleete by the command of y:e Admrall for Brazeel where they arrived againe about the first or second of July 1650."^[171]

London to the Canary Islands

- "the sd Ship did go with some small commodities to ?Loratuna in the Canary ?Islands & did safely arrive there & unlade her goods as hee believeth but y:e time of her arrivall & lading he knoweth not, but believeth a ship may goe from home to y:e Canaries with goods & unlade the same within the space of sixe weekes"^[172]

Gravesend to Scanderoone and back to Gravesend

- " from y:e time of y,e Departure of y:e said Ship Anne from Gravesend & Untill the say of her discharging of her last goods at Scanderoone ?was about seaven monethes and three weekes"^[173]

Trust

Trust reposed in an executor or administrator

- "this rendent did desire them the said M:r fford, and M:r Mayne to Joyne with him to administer uppon and dispose the said goods,accordinge to the trust reposed in them by the said M:r West decead, but they the said M:r fford ad M:r Mayne did both of them refuse, and then this rendent being unwillinge the said goods should bee lost and miscarye, did in ?order to that trust w:ch was reposed in him repaire to the Governor of the Barbados and there acquainted him with this whole matter, who thereuppon did issue out an order or warrant in the nature of an administration, to this rendent the said M:r fford and M:r Mayne, that they might thereby ?receave the said goods out of the said shipand make disposition thereof"^[174]

Turkey Company Merchants of London

- "in ?Examinate & tyme arlate the sayd shipp was hyred and taken to freight by some of the Turkey Company Merchants of London...COMPLETE THIS TEXT"^[175]

Upper Bench prison

Prisoner at the Upper Bench

- " hee [Thomas Hale, of Stepney, Mariner, aged 45] this depo:t is a prizone:r in & at the Upper Bench upon a p:rtence of Debt, and saith hee is worth 100:li (All his debts w:ch hee weith being paid) besides many debts w:ch are Owing to this depo:t"^[176]

Use of arbitration

Dispute of freight charges deducted from proceeds returned to Master and Owner

- "To the Eighteenth & Nyneteenth he answereth that he hath bin demanded to pay fraight, but doth beleeve there is none due to y:e sd pties, but for their ppoorcon of the monyes pceeding of the sd ship and goods he is & hath alwaies bin ready & willing to allow unto them their pporcon, if they would agree what the same should be or leave the same to any indiffrent psons to state the same betweene them" ^[177]

Value of cargo vs value of ship

XXX to XXX ratio

- "hee saith the Postillion at her seizure was of the burthen of two hundred tonne or therabouts and had nyne peeces of ordnance and the sayd shipp and her tackle apparrell & furniture were then well worth (in this deponents Judgement and estimate) two thousand six hundred pounds sterling or therabouts And saith the sayd shipp had aboard he at the tyme of the seizure, (for Accompt of the sayd Delboe Middleton Temmes Britton Taylor and Syon seaventeene hundred forty six parcell and thirty one ?Catees of pepper, and peeces of Eight three thousand three hundred and some odd peeces which pepper would in this deponents Judgment, if it had come safe to England have there yeild Thirteene Thousand pounds sterling besides freight due alsoe to the sayd Delboe Middleton Temms Britton Taylor and Syon as Owners of the sayd shipp which as hee beleeveth would have amounted to two thousand eight hundred pounds more of like money And hee saith that hee this deponent had for his owne Accompt aboard the sayd shipp at her seizure sixe hundred peeces of Eight, and pepper & Cloaves soe much as would have in England have yeilded seaventeene hundred pounds sterling, besides his wages for the sayd voyage which hee beleeveth did amount to ?three hundred pounds more of like money & his cloats amounting to about twenty pounds more of like money all which hee lost by the seizure aforesayd And hee saith the sayd shipps company at the tyme of the sayd seizure had aboard her for their Accompt pepper & ?Caude & other goods to the value of ?three hundred pounds sterling in this deponents Judgment and estimate, besides their cloathes and wages which as hee beleeveth was worth a thousand pounds more of like money all which they were samnified by the sayd seizure And hee saith that beside the p:rmisses there were about the sayd shipp at her seizure fower hundred Jarrs of Greene Ginger for Accompt of the English East India Company which were alsoe lost by the seizure aforesayd and would in this deponents Judgment have yeilded if they had come safe to England one thousand one hundred and twenty pounds sterling..."^[178]

Ten to one ratio

- "To the fifteenth he answereth & beleeveth that the said ship & her tackle & furniture & other materialls when they were seized were worth about the summe of One hundred pounds, and not above as he beleeveth, and the sd goods in the said ship were worth as he beleeveth the summe of about one thousand pounds & not under as he beleeveth, but y;e sd ship by lyeing there and being pillaged was much spoyled & damnifyed & worth little as he beleeveth...[Following the sale of the ship & goods, snd subsequent decree to return the proceeds] 16. To the Sixteenth he answereth & beleeveth that y:e monyes which came to his hands as y:e pceed of y:e sd ship & goods did amount to about Two hundred Nynety five pounds as is alleaged & not lesse as he beleeveth, & he hath not since delivered y:e same, but alwayes offered & was & is willing to give them their due ppocon as he beleeveth"^[179]

Two point six to one ratio

- "the Lady ffrigott and her tackle and furniture, & freight, and stock & provisions on board her at her seizure aforesayd by the sayd Gennoa (sic) man of warr called the Sta Cruse was in his this deponents Judgment well worth five thousand pounds of lawfull English money and soe much hee beleeveth the says Swift Parker & Harris & other her Owners were dammaged by her being surprized & taken as aforesayd...

the hundred & sixty Tonne of Currants aforesayd on board the Lady ffrigott belonging to the foresayd Alderman Riccard & Company were at their surprizall worth in this deponents Judgement and estimate ?thirteene thousand pounds of lawfull English money and would as hee verily beleeveth have yeilded the sayd Riccard & Company soe much of they had not bin surprized in manner as aforesayd"^[180]

Wages

Arbitration of agreed wages

- "hee hath reced of the sayd Ewens his wages for the whole voyage in question at such rate as was awarded to him by Arbitrators chosen by the sayd Ewens & this XXondent soe that hee intends noe suite whosoever p:rvailes in this cause"^[181]

Customary exchange rates for mariners

- "thereupon y:e sd M:r did pay them off freely Eight moneths pay in dollars at foure shills six pence per dollar, which is y.e usuall rate that English marrin:rs receive their wages at in dollars"^[182]

Monthly wages for named qualities on voyage from Gravesend to the Streights and back

- "in or about November 1657: ?y:e said W:m Malim did hyre all the Marine:rs severall mentioned in the schedule annexed to y:e said Allon nowe showed unto him, to goe & serve in y:e said ship Anne from this port. to Yarmouth, and from thence to the streights. and to returne againe to this port. And saith that y:e schedulate Christopher Malym Mate; and Carpenter of y:e said Ship, was hyred at 3:li p moneth to goe y:e sd Voyage; Thomas Garret Carpenter of the said ship at 1:XXX p moneth to go y:e sd voayage Bethel Tinke (OR, Finke) A Common marriner of the said Ship at 1:li. viij:s p moneth to goe the said voayage, George Sotherne a Comon man of the said ship at 1:li ix:s p moneth to goe y:e said voyage., George. Rogers a Comon man of y:e said Ship at 1;li. viij:s p moneth, to goey:e sd voyage, Thomas West Coop at j:li. xiiij:s p moneth , to goe y:e sd voyage, & ffrancis RoXXX at 1:li. 10:s p moneth to goe y:e said Voyage; And soe ?much the foresaid Mariners well deserved, and soe much is usually given to Marine:rs that serve in the quality aforesaid. in such voyages. and oftentimes, greater summes, And saith hee save y:e foresaid Marine:rs recvd their halfe pay at Yarmouth and thereby knoweth y:e premisses, but saith hee knoweth not for how much John Roberts y:e Chirurghion of y:e sd ship was shipt at, but saith hee well knoweth y:t hee well deserved 2:li. 2:s. p moneth, and saith hee this depo:t never ?knewe lesse given, to a Chirurgion for y:e same; or y:e like Voyage"^[183]

Monthly wages of a Masters Mate

- "hee this deponent was hyred at fifty shillings a month which is the usuall rate or rates lesse than usually Mates of shipps who goe a voyage to the Streights & thence back to London have"^[184]

No payment of wages overseas

- "this depo:t asking him howe long y:e sd Hill served in his ship; and at what what hee was shipped. at. The said Middleton replyed that hee served in his ship about foure yeere, and two Monethes: and was shipped at Thirty shillings p moneth, And then this depo:t asked him if hee had paid him any of his wages: To w:ch hee replied Noe, I Doe not use to pay men abroad."^[185]

Pay rates in sample ships

- The Content (London to Gambo (Africa) to Barbados (then lost at sea); wage schedule for twelve persons (1658/59)^[186]

Seamens' wages to travel from Lisbon to Brazil and back

- "some consideraccon extraordinary above what they were in the first place hired for"^[187]

- "the sayd Ewens in persuance of such his offere & promises did pay unto his sayd Company eight moneths pay according to the first agreement made at London & did promise & agree to pay them an addition of five shillings in the pound p moneth for the future over & above the rates formerly agreed on which promise of addition the Company did agree to & promised to provide on the sayd Brazeele voyage and the sayd ffosse Tucker Howgate this deponent & the rest of the shipps Company did thereupon proceede upon the sayd voyage after the sayd new contract"^[188]

- " hee [XXXX] saith hee was one of the shipps Company which soe refused to proceede unlesse his wages were augmented And saith if this ?respondent could have gotten his wages then due according to the first agreement & safe passage from Lisbon to London hee beleeveth hee would have deserted the sayd shipp in case the sayd Ewens had not agreed & promised an augementation of wages"[FootNote([XXX HCA 13/73 Part One: XXXX])]]

Warehouses

Spanish warehouses

- "hee signed y:e sd three Bills of Lading on or neere about y:e 10:th of March 1657. (new stile), in Sta Cruze; in the warehouse of the sd ?Louzel"^[189]

Will of God

Bilging of ship on sands on coast of France

- "neither her M:r nor any of her Company were in any fault. but the same came and happened meerely by y:e said Extraordinary winds and y:e will of God. The premisses hee deposeth by sad Experience being on board her, when y:e said Disaster happened"^[190]

Witness to signing of a bond

- " this depo:t [WILLIAM WYAS of Limehouse in y:e parish of Stepney Vintner, aged 31 yeeres] was p:rsent as this depo:ts house; at the signe of the Ship neere Duke ?Streete and did there see the said Henry Potts, together with the arlate John Carter, Signe Seale, and for their act and deed deliver, the said Bond or schedule, w:ch being soe done this depo:t sett his hand thereunder as a Witnes, of the said Signeing Sealing and delivering as now appeareth, and having seene his name at y:e bottome of y:e sd Schedule or bond. hee saith y:e same is of his hand writing"^[191]

Possible topics for synthesis

Attitudes and behaviour towards negroes by sailors and ship masters

Brazeele trade

Corruption and kickbacks (prevalence; function)

Fish

- "he answereth & beleeveth that Salmon & herings were no vendible commodity at Rochell in y:e moneths arlate" (HCA 13/19)
- Relative price of fish
- Whaling described as "fishing"
- Oysters
- Lobsters

Geographical language

- Areas
- Linked to commodities (Rhenish wine; French wine)
- Non-port towns
- Ports
- Seas

Greenland fishing

Insults made between ships during conflict at sea

Port to port routes

Ship age

- "an old shipp being about the Age of thirteen or fourteen yeers old" (the Mayflower, ca. ?1659)^[192]

Ship prices

- Create table of price of ships per ton (by age and burthen)

- Prices outside England, e.g. Surat (the Mayflower, 280 tonnes, 13 or 14 years old, badly damaged, valued with tackle and provisions at 910:li sterling by Capt. Robert ffisher, commander of the Smirna Merchant (£3.25 per ton)

Timber merchants

Time

- Between ports
- lading in port
- Unlading in port

Wages

- Levels by job function
- Variances within and between job functions, & over time, & according to perceived risk and supply/demand

Workings of Vice Admiralty courts outside London

- Regional courts

-- Example: Leith, Scotland
-- Example: Court of West England

- Process

- Registry

↑ HCA 13/73: Case: John Swift John Parker John Harris and Company, Owners of the Shipp the Lady ffrigott vs. Hippolito Centurione of Genoa and others: Deposition: 3. Gilbert Anckelly, of Debtford, Kent, Mariner, late Boatswaine of the Lady ffrigott, aged 30 : Date: June 3rd, 1659
↑ HCA 13/73: Case: Lord Protector ag:t the Hope: Deposition: 5. Peter Aylward, of London, Merchant, aged 40: Date: February 21st 1658 (59)
↑ HCA 13/125: Case: Libell on behalfe of Elizabeth West, administrator of ffrancis West: Personal answeres: John Blith: Date: July 29th 1652
↑ HCA 13/125: Case: Libell on behalfe of Elizabeth West, administrator of ffrancis West: Personal answeres: John Blith: Date: July 29th 1652
↑ Examination: 3. Phillip Harvey, of Limehouse, Mariner, Carpenter of the Oporto Merchant, aged 40: Date: March 11th, 1658
↑ [XXX HCA 13/73 Part One: Case: Greene, PXXX and others ag:t Ketcher and others: Examination: 1. Richard Rolfe, of Southampton, but lodging at Horsey Downe, Mariner, late Boatswaine of Lisbone ffrigot, aged 23]
↑ [XXX HCA 13/73 Part One: Case: XXXX: Examination: 3. Thomas Wilkinson, of Wapping, Stepney, Middlesex, Mariner, late Master's Mate of the Lixon ffrigot, aged 30 yeeres: Date: February 10:th, 1658]
↑ [XXX HCA 13/73 Part One: Case: Greene, PXXX and others ag:t Ketcher and others: Examination: 1. Richard Rolfe, of Southampton, but lodging at Horsey Downe, Mariner, late Boatswaine of Lisbone ffrigot, aged 23]
↑ HCA 13/73: Case: Mayflower vs. XXXX: Deposition: 2. John Stannian, of the City of London; Gentleman, aged 26: Date: September 23rd 1659
↑ HCA 13/68: Case: Clayme of Domingo Centurione for wools in the Morning Starr: Deposition: 3. Michael van Lubkin, of Hamborough, Mariner, Master of the Morning Starr, aged 31 Date: November 22nd 1653
↑ [XXX HCA 13/73: Case: Nuthall ag:t Potts: Examination: 3. John Carter, of Limehouse, parish of Stepney, Blockmaker, aged 61: Date: March 21:th 1658]
↑ [XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: Drawater ag:t the S:t Anne of Amsterdam, Henrdrick John Master, and ag:t her tackle and furniture: Examination: Hendrick Johnson, of XXXX, Holland, Marriner, Master of the S:t Anne, aged 33: Date: April 28:th 1659]
↑ [XXX HCA 13/73 Part One: Case: Christopher Malyn, Thomas Carret, Bethnel Tynck, George Southerne, George Rogers, Thomas West, ffrancis Rosse, and John Robeck, late Mariners of the Ship the Anne:: Examination: 2. Joseph Bond: Date: February 26th 1658]
↑ [XXX HCA 13/73 Part One: Case: XXXX: Answer: John Atkins: Date: XXXX]
↑ [XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: Grove ag:t Wood: Examination: William Best, of Corfe, Dorset, Mariner Gunners Mate, of the Peace, aged 22: Date: May 3rd, 1659]
↑ HCA 13/73: Case: Mayflower vs. XXXX: Deposition: 2. John Stannian, of the City of London; Gentleman, aged 26: Date: September 23rd 1659
↑ [XXXX HCA 13/73: Case: Lord Protector ag:t the Hope, Don Juan Master: Examined: Jacome Juan, of Deva in Biscay, Mariner, aged 28: Date: March 22:th 1658]
↑ Case: XXXX: Deposition: Nicholas Williams, of Redriffe, Surrey, Mariner, sometime Quartermaster on the Freetrade, aged 36: Date: March 9th 1653/44
↑ [XXX HCA 13/73: XXXX]
↑ [XXX HCA 13/73: XXXX]
↑ [XXX HCA 13/73 Part One: Case: Maurice Thompson Alderman William Thompson et al., freighters of the Maydenhead vs. the VOC: Deposition: 5. William Reading, of Redriff wall, St Mary Magdalen Bermondsey, Surrey, Mariner, aged 35: Date: January 19th 1658]
↑ HCA 13/125: Case: Allegacion on behalfe of Peter Scrother: Personal answers: Clement Nootes, John Johnson John JXXXXs and William Reage: Date: July 7th 1652
↑ HCA 13/73: Case: Mayflower vs. XXXX: Deposition: 2. John Stannian, of the City of London; Gentleman, aged 26: Date: September 23rd 1659
↑ HCA 13/129: Personal answers of Thomas Ewens: Allegation: Humfrey ffosse, John Tucker & Charles Howgate: Date: 2nd June 1659
↑ HCA 13/129: Personal answers of Augustine Coronell: Allegation: John Thacker: Date: June 23rd 1659
↑ HCA 23/19: Document Number: 237: Case: XXXX: Date: XXXX
↑ HCA 13/68: Case: Clayme of Domingo Centurione for wools in the Morning Starr: Deposition: 3. Michael van Lubkin, of Hamborough, Mariner, Master of the Morning Starr, aged 31 Date: November 22nd 1653
↑ [XXX HCA 13/73: XXX]
↑ HCA 13/125: Case: Allegacion on the behalfe of Robert ?Coda: Personal answeres: Captain Samuell St?urton: Date: XXXX
↑ [XXXX HCA 13/128: Allegation: Richard fford: Answer: ?Bas Nelders: Date: July 5th 1657]
↑ [XXXX HCA 13/73: XXXX7]
↑ [XXXX HCA 13/73 Part two: Case: Drawater ag:t the S:t Anne of Amsterdam, Henrdrick John Master, and ag:t her tackle and furniture: Examination: Hendrick Johnson, of XXXX, Holland, Marriner, Master of the S:t Anne, aged 33: Date: April 28:th 1659]
↑ [XXX HCA 13/73: Case: Wood ag:t Grove: Examination: 6 Lawrence Broadbolt, of Nevis, in the West Indies, Merchant, borne at Knasburrough, Yorkshire, aged 44: Date: Aprill 23rd, 1659]
↑ [XXX HCA 13/73: Case: XXXX: 2. Grace Hogsflesh, of Stepney, Widowe, aged 39: Date: Aprill 12:th 1659]
↑ HCA 13/73: Case: Lord Protector ag:t the Hope: Deposition: 5. Peter Aylward, of London, Merchant, aged 40: Date: February 21st 1658 (59)
↑ [XXXHCA 13/73 Part One: Case: Greene, PXXX and others ag:t Ketcher and others: Examination: 1. Richard Rolfe, of Siuthampton, but lodging at Horsey Downe, Mariner, late Boatswaine of Lisbone ffrigot, aged 23]
↑ HCA 13/73: Case: John Swift John Parker John Harris and Company, Owners of the Shipp the Lady ffrigott vs. Hippolito Centurione of Genoa and others: Deposition: 5. John Gates, of Debtford, Kent, Ship Wright, one of the Carpenters of the Lady ffrigott, aged 18 : Date: June 4th, 1659
↑ HCA 13/73: Case: John Swift John Parker John Harris and Company, Owners of the Shipp the Lady ffrigott vs. Hippolito Centurione of Genoa and others: Examination: 8. John Savage, of S:t Bartholomew neere the Royal Exchange, London, Merchant, aged 32 : Date: June 4th, 1659
↑ [XXX HCA 13/73 Part One: Case: XXXX: Examination: 3. Thomas Wilkinson, of Wapping, Stepney, Middlesex, Mariner, late Master's Mate of the Lixon ffrigot, aged 30 yeeres: Date: February 10:th, 1658]
↑ [XXX HCA 13/73: Case: Luke Wood x:r ag:t the Peace and ag:t Thomas Grove: Examination: 3. Peter Bartlet, of Ratcliff, Shipwright, aged 30: Date: January 12th, 1658]
↑ [XXX HCA 13/73: Case: Luke Wood x:r ag:t the Peace and ag:t Thomas Grove: Examination: 3. Peter Bartlet, of Ratcliff, Shipwright, aged 30: Date: January 12th, 1658]
↑ [XXX HCA 13/73: XXX]
↑ [XXX HCA 13/73: Case: Clayme of Thomas Cowling for Canary Wines taken in the S:t Laurence Peter: Examination: 1. Robert Bevin, of London, Merchant, aged 36: Date: October 11th 1659]
↑ HCA 13/128: Case: Libell against Elias Beake and Peter Mathews in the name of John Salter & others: Personal answeres: Elias Beake: Date: October 28th 1656
↑ HCA 13/128: Case: Allegation on behalfe of Nicholas Warren, Gregory Westcomb, John Jermin & Richard Westcomb: Personal answeres: Nicholas Pengelly & Alexander Ash: Date: November 22nd 1658
↑ HCA 13/128: Case: Allegation on behalf of Alexander Bence: Personal answeres: John Hill, one of the owners of the Oporto Merchant: Date: November 15th 1658
↑ [XXXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: XXXX: Examination: 2. Robert Grove, of Wapping, Mariner, aged 50: Date: Aprill 5:th 1658]
↑ [XXXX HCA 13/73 Part One: Case: Lord Protector ag:t the Hope: Deposition: 5. Peter Aylward, of London, Merchant, aged 40: Date: February 21st 1658 (59)]
↑ HCA 13/73: Case: Luke Wood x:r ag:t the Pearce and ag:t Thomas Grove: Examination: 3. Peter Bartlet, of Ratcliff, Shipwright, aged 30: Date: January 12th, 1658
↑ [XXXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: XXXX: Examination: 11. Peter Mathews, of London, Merchant, aged 42: Date: Aprill 22:th 1659]
↑ [XXX HCA 13/73: Case: XXXX: 2. Grace Hogsflesh, of Stepney, Widowe, aged 39: Date: Aprill 12:th 1659]
↑ [XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: XXXX]
↑ [XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: Wood ag:t Grove: Examination: 5. Thomas Yeomans of Wapping, Mariner, late Masters Mate of the Peace, aged 23: Date: March 11th 1658 English Style]
↑ [XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: Grove ag:t Wood: Examination: William Best, of Corfe, Dorset, Mariner Gunners Mate, of the Peace, aged 22: Date: May 3rd, 1659]
↑ [XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: Wood ag:t Grove: Examination: 5. Thomas Yeomans of Wapping, Mariner, late Masters Mate of the Peace, aged 23: Date: March 11th 1658 English Style]
↑ [XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: Wood ag:t Grove: Examination: 5. Thomas Yeomans of Wapping, Mariner, late Masters Mate of the Peace, aged 23: Date: March 11th 1658 English Style]
↑ [XXX HCA 13/73: Case: XXXX: 2. Grace Hogsflesh, of Stepney, Widowe, aged 39: Date: Aprill 12:th 1659]
↑ [XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: Grove ag:t Wood: Examination: William Best, of Corfe, Dorset, Mariner Gunners Mate, of the Peace, aged 22: Date: May 3rd, 1659]
↑ [XXX HCA 13/73: Case: Christopher Malyn, Thomas Carret, Bethnel Tynck, George Southerne, George Rogers, Thomas West, ffrancis Rosse, and John Robeck, late Mariners of the Ship the Anne:: Examination: 2. Joseph Bond: Date: February 26th 1658]
↑ HCA 13/68: Case: The Keepers of the Liberty of England ag:t the ship the Heart of Skadam: Deposition: 1. William Evarson, of Skadam, Holland, Mariner, aged 44: Date: September 26:th 1653
↑ [XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: Wood ag:t Grove: Examination: 5. Thomas Yeomans of Wapping, Mariner, late Masters Mate of the Peace, aged 23: Date: March 11th 1658 English Style]
↑ [XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: Grove ag:t Wood: Answer: Richard Blake: Date: Post March 28th, 1659]
↑ [XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: Luke Wood agt Thomas Grove: Examination: i. John Bourman, of Chatham, Kent, Shipwright, aged 38: Date: March 15th 1658]
↑ HCA 13/68: Case: XXXX: Deposition: Charles Marescoe, of S:t Nicholas Lane, London, Merchant, aged 21: Date: The same day (?1653/54, or 1654
↑ [XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: XXXX: Examination: 2. Robert Grove, of Wapping, Mariner, aged 50: Date: Aprill 5:th 1658]
↑ HCA 13/68: Case: The Keeper of the Liberty etc. vs. the Golden Starr: Deposition: 1. Mark Harrison, of Wapping, Middlesex, Mariner, aged 27: Date: September 22nd 1653
↑ XXXX HCA 13/128: XXXX
↑ XXXX HCA 13/128: XXXX
↑ XXXX, p. xxiv
↑ p. 10
↑ XXX. p. 16
↑ XXX, p. 26
↑ [XXXX HCA 13/125: Case: Allegacion on the behalfe of Robert ?Coda: Personal answeres: Captain Samuell St?urton: Date: XXXX]
↑ HCA 13/125: Case: Allegacion on the behalfe of Robert ?Coda: Personal answeres: Captain Samuell St?urton: Date: XXXX
↑ XXXX HCA 13/128: XXXX
↑ XXX, p. 18
↑ [XXXX HCA 13/73: Case: Clayme of Thomas Cowling for Canary Wines taken in the S:t Laurence Peter: Examination: 1. Robert Bevin, of London, Merchant, aged 36: Date: October 11th 1659]
↑ HCA 13/68: Case: The Keeper of the Liberty etc. vs. the Golden Starr: Deposition: 1. Mark Harrison, of Wapping, Middlesex, Mariner, aged 27: Date: September 22nd 1653
↑ HCA 13/128: Allegation: On the behalfe of Thomas Cullinge Jonathan Andrewes & Gifford Bale: Personal answers: Samuell Micoe: Date: June 10th 1657
↑ HCA 13/125 Case: Libell against them on behalfe of John Harris and John Powicke: Personal answers: Edward Bellamye and Thomas Day: Date: XXXX
↑ HCA 13/69 Case: ? Deposition: Juan Thomas Milute, of Cadiz, Spain, merchant
↑ HCA 13/73: Case: John Swift John Parker John Harris and Company, Owners of the Shipp the Lady ffrigott vs. Hippolito Centurione of Genoa and others: Deposition: 3. Gilbert Anckelly, of Debtford, Kent, Mariner, late Boatswaine of the Lady ffrigozz, aged 30 : Date: June 3rd, 1659
↑ HCA 13/73: Case: John Swift John Parker John Harris and Company, Owners of the Shipp the Lady ffrigott vs. Hippolito Centurione of Genoa and others: Examination: 8. John Savage, of S:t Bartholomew neere the Royal Exchange, London, Merchant, aged 32 : Date: June 4th, 1659
↑ [XXXX HCA 13/73: Case: XXXX: Examination: 3. James Retallick, of Wapping, Mariner, aged 35: Date: March 5th 1658 English Style]
↑ [XXXX HCA 13/73: XXX]
↑ [XXXX HCA 13/73: XXX]
↑ [XXXX HCA 13/73: Case: Luke Wood x:r ag:t the Peace and ag:t Thomas Grove: Examination: 3. Peter Bartlet, of Ratcliff, Shipwright, aged 30: Date: January 12th, 1658]
↑ [XXXX HCA 13/73: Case: Luke Wood x:r ag:t the Peace and ag:t Thomas Grove: Examination: 3. Peter Bartlet, of Ratcliff, Shipwright, aged 30: Date: January 12th, 1658]
↑ [XXXX HCA 13/73: Case: Luke Wood x:r ag:t the Peace and ag:t Thomas Grove: Examination: 3. Peter Bartlet, of Ratcliff, Shipwright, aged 30: Date: January 12th, 1658]
↑ [XXXX HCA 13/73: Case: XXXX: Examination: 4. ffrancis Mould, of Poplar, Stepney, Middlesex, Mariner, aged 64: Date: March 7:th 1658 English Style]
↑ HCA 13/73: Case: Luke Wood x:r ag:t the Pearce and ag:t Thomas Grove: Examination: 3. Peter Bartlet, of Ratcliff, Shipwright, aged 30: Date: January 12th, 1658
↑ HCA 13/68: Case: The Keeper of the Liberty etc. vs. the Golden Starr: 3. Thomas Keyes, of Deptford, Kent, Mariner, late Quarter Masters Mate of the Advantage Frigot: Date: October 3rd 1653
↑ [Case: Grove ag:t Wood: Examination: William Best, of Corfe, Dorset, Mariner Gunners Mate, of the Peace, aged 22: Date: May 3rd, 1659 HCA 13/73 part Two: XXX]
↑ HCA 13/73: Case: Luke Wood x:r ag:t the Pearce and ag:t Thomas Grove: Examination: 3. Peter Bartlet, of Ratcliff, Shipwright, aged 30: Date: January 12th, 1658
↑ [XXX HCA 13/73: XXX]
↑ [XXX HCA 13/125: XXX]
↑ [XXX HCA 13/125: Case: XXXX: Examination: 9:ns Jan de Vos of London Mariner, M:r of the ship the ffox aged 53 yeares: Date: Aprill 21st, 1659]
↑ [XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: XXXX: Examination: 9:ns Jan de Vos of London Mariner, M:r of the ship the ffox aged 53 yeares: Date: Aprill 21st, 1659]
↑ [XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: XXXX: Examination: 10. Mare de Vos, wife of Jan de Vos, aged 43: Date: Aprill 21st, 1659]
↑ [XXX HCA 13/73 Part One: Case: XXXX: Examination: 3. Thomas Wilkinson, of Wapping, Stepney, Middlesex, Mariner, late Master's Mate of the Lixon ffrigot, aged 30 yeeres: Date: February 10:th, 1658]
↑ [XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: ffernandez and others touching the Hope: Examination: 8. Manuel de Fonseca, of London, Merchant, aged 21: Date: Aprill 20th, 1659]
↑ [XXX HCA 13/73: Case: Grove ag:t Wood: Answer: Richard Blake: Date: Post March 28th, 1659]
↑ [XXX HCA 13/73: Case: Grove ag:t Wood: Examination: William Best, of Corfe, Dorset, Mariner Gunners Mate, of the Peace, aged 22: Date: May 3rd, 1659]
↑ [XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: XXXX: Examination: 2. Robert Grove, of Wapping, Mariner, aged 50: Date: Aprill 5:th 1658]
↑ [XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: S:r John Dethick Knight, Edward Bolle, John Bancks Richard ffoord, Edward Mico, William ?Pretman and Company, concerning the Bantam ffrigott: Deposition: 4. Thomas Newman, of Mile End, Stepney, Merchant, late Supra cargo of the Bantam ffrigott, aged 43: Date: Aprill 16th 1658]
↑ HCA 13/73: Case: John Swift John Parker John Harris and Company, Owners of the Shipp the Lady ffrigott vs. Hippolito Centurione of Genoa and others: Deposition: 5. John Gates, of Debtford, Kent, Ship Wright, one of the Carpenters of the Lady ffrigott, aged 18 : Date: June 4th, 1659
↑ [XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: S:r John Dethick Knight, Edward Bolle, John Bancks Richard ffoord, Edward Mico, William ?Pretman and Company, concerning the Bantam ffrigott: Deposition: 4. Thomas Newman, of Mile End, Stepney, Merchant, late Supra cargo of the Bantam ffrigott, aged 43: Date: Aprill 16th 1658]
↑ [XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: Clarke ag:t Scattergood: Examination: 2. Robert Hercules, of Ratcliffe, Mariner, aged 40: Date: October 27th 1659]
↑ [XXXX HCA 13/125: XXXX]
↑ [XXXX HCA 13/73 Part One: Case: XXXX ag:t Church: Examination: 5. Thomas Gould, of Redriff, Surrey, Merchant, aged 39: Date: XXXX]
↑ [XXXX HCA 13/73 Part One: Case: XXXX ag:t Church: Examination: 5. Thomas Gould, of Redriff, Surrey, Merchant, aged 39: Date: XXXX]
↑ [XXX HCA 13/73:Case: Clarke ag:t Scattergood: Examination: 2. Robert Hercules, of Ratcliffe, Mariner, aged 40: Date: October 27th 1659]
↑ [XXX HCA 13/73: Case: Clayme of Thomas Cowling for Canary Wines taken in the S:t Laurence Peter: Examination: 1. Robert Bevin, of London, Merchant, aged 36: Date: October 11th 1659]
↑ [XXX HCA 13/73: Case: Wood ag:t Grove: Examination: 5. Thomas Yeomans of Wapping, Mariner, late Masters Mate of the Peace, aged 23: Date: March 11th 1658 English Style]
↑ [XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: Grove ag:t Wood: Answer: Richard Blake: Date: Post March 28th, 1659]
↑ [XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: William Craford and Anne his wife, Executors of Andrew Hill ag:t the Elizabeth & Mary and others: Examination: Thomas Hale, of Stepney, Mariner, aged 45: Date: March 29th, 1659]
↑ [XXX HCA 13/73: XXX]
↑ [XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: Grove ag:t Wood: Answer: Richard Blake: Date: Post March 28th, 1659]
↑ [XXX HCA 13/73: XXX]
↑ [XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: XXXX: Examination: 10. Mare de Vos, wife of Jan de Vos, aged 43: Date: Aprill 21st, 1659]
↑ [XXX HCA 13/73: XXX]
↑ [XXX HCA 13/73: XXX]
↑ [XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: Wood ag:t Grove: Examination: 5. Thomas Yeomans of Wapping, Mariner, late Masters Mate of the Peace, aged 23: Date: March 11th 1658 English Style]
↑ [XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: Luke Wood agt Thomas Grove: Examination: i. John Bourman, of Chatham, Kent, Shipwright, aged 38: Date: March 15th 1658]
↑ [XXX HCA 13/73 Part One: Case: Sorrell con. Hall: Examination: 11. William Wood, of Upper Shadwell, Stepney, Mariner, aged 27: Date: February 9th 1658]
↑ [XXX HCA 13/73: Case: Wood ag:t Grove: Examination: 4. Captain Thomas Thorne, of S:t Catherines XXXX, Mariner, aged 34: Date: June 18th, 1659]
↑ HCA 13/73: Case: Wood ag:t Grove: Examination: 4. Captain Thomas Thorne, of S:t Catherines XXXX, Mariner, aged 34: Date: June 18th, 1659
↑ [XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: Wood ag:t Grove: Examination: 5. Thomas Yeomans of Wapping, Mariner, late Masters Mate of the Peace, aged 23: Date: March 11th 1658 English Style]
↑ HCA 13/73: Case: XXXX: Examination: David Lloyd, Citizen & Cloatheworker, of London, aged 56: Date: March 8th 1658 (59)
↑ HCA 13/128: Case: Allegacon on the behalfe of Edward Paull & others: Personal answeres: William Wilmott: Date: XXXX
↑ HCA 13/73: Case: John Swift John Parker John Harris and Company, Owners of the Shipp the Lady ffrigott vs. Hippolito Centurione of Genoa and others: Deposition: 5. John Gates, of Debtford, Kent, Ship Wright, one of the Carpenters of the Lady ffrigott, aged 18 : Date: June 4th, 1659
↑ [XXX HCA 13/73 Part One: Case: XXXX: Examination: 3. Thomas Wilkinson, of Wapping, Stepney, Middlesex, Mariner, late Master's Mate of the Lixon ffrigot, aged 30 yeeres: Date: February 10:th, 1658]
↑ HCA 13/73: Case: John Swift John Parker John Harris and Company, Owners of the Shipp the Lady ffrigott vs. Hippolito Centurione of Genoa and others: Deposition: 7. William Bowtell, of London, Merchant, aged 25 : Date: June 8th, 1659
↑ [XXX HCA 13/73 Part One: Case: Greene, PXXX and others ag:t Ketcher and others: Examination: 1. Richard Rolfe, of Southampton, but lodging at Horsey Downe, Mariner, late Boatswaine of Lisbone ffrigot, aged 23]
↑ HCA 13/73: Case: Wood ag:t Grove: Examination: 4. Captain Thomas Thorne, of S:t Catherines XXXX, Mariner, aged 34: Date: June 18th, 1659
↑ [XXXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: Luke Wood agt Thomas Grove: Examination: i. John Bourman, of Chatham, Kent, Shipwright, aged 38: Date: March 15th 1658]
↑ [XXXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: XXXX: Examination: 2. Robert Grove, of Wapping, Mariner, aged 50: Date: Aprill 5:th 1658]
↑ TNA HCA 1/8: The Information of James Mountjoy against Joseph Ward M:r Thomas Ward and Samuell Harken, M:re mates of the Parromore of London.
↑ HCA 13/64: Case: XXXX: Deposition: Edward Wye, of Ratcliffe, parish of Stepney, Middlesex, late Master and Commander of the Saphire alias the ffairfax, aged 42: Date: XXXX
↑ [XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: Concerning Jane Hughes & the Thomas Bonadventure ag.t the owners of the said ship: Examination: Henry Hughes. pf Deptford, Kent, Merchant, aged 28: Date April 29th, 1659]
↑ [XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: William Craford and Anne his wife, Executors of Andrew Hill ag:t the Elizabeth & Mary and others: Examination: Thomas Hale, of Stepney, Mariner, aged 45: Date: March 29th, 1659]
↑ http://bron.wikispot.org/HCA_13/128#head-b7e7fc954b7c6989da0ef5766b7addf6c17e38ca HCA 13/128: Allegation: Richard fford: Answer: ?Bas Nelders: Date: July 5th 1657
↑ HCA 13/128: Case: Allegacon on the behalfe of Edward Paull & others: Personal answeres: William Wilmott: Date: XXXX
↑ HCA 13/128: Case: Libell against Elias Beake and Peter Mathews in the name of John Salter & others: Personal answeres: Elias Beake: Date: October 28th 1656
↑ HCA 13/68: Case: Clayme of John Scrother for goods on the Black Cock: Deposition: 1. Jacob Wigandi, of Hamborough, Merchant, aged 25: Date: November 30th 1653
↑ [XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: Clarke ag:t Scattergood: Examination: 2. Robert Hercules, of Ratcliffe, Mariner, aged 40: Date: October 27th 1659]
↑ XXX HCA 13/128: XXXXX
↑ XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: Clarke ag:t Scattergood: Examination: 2. Robert Hercules, of Ratcliffe, Mariner, aged 40: Date: October 27th 1659
↑ HCA 13/68: Case: On behalf of John Harrison: Deposition: 3. William Neave, of Dukes Place, London, Merchant, aged 44: Date: December ?23rd 1653
↑ HCA 13/88: Case: XXXX: Deposition: Nicholas Williams, of Redriffe, Surrey, Mariner, sometime Quartermaster on the Freetrade, aged 36: Date: March 9th 1653/44
↑ [XXXX HCA 13/73: Case: Christopher Malyn, Thomas Carret, Bethnel Tynck, George Southerne, George Rogers, Thomas West, ffrancis Rosse, and John Robeck, late Mariners of the Ship the Anne:: Examination: 2. Joseph Bond: Date: February 26th 1658]
↑ [XXXX HCA 13/73: Case: XXXX: Answer: John Atkins: Date: XXXX]
↑ [XXXX HCA 13/73: Case: XXXX: Answer: John Atkins: Date: XXXX]
↑ [XXXX HCA 13/73: Case: Christopher Malyn, Thomas Carret, Bethnel Tynck, George Southerne, George Rogers, Thomas West, ffrancis Rosse, and John Robeck, late Mariners of the Ship the Anne:: Examination: 2. Joseph Bond: Date: February 26th 1658]
↑ This is the footnote text
↑ HCA 13/73: Case: Lord Protector ag:t the Hope: Deposition: 5. Peter Aylward, of London, Merchant, aged 40: Date: February 21st 1658 (59)
↑ [XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: ffernandez and others touching the Hope: Examination: 8. Manuel de Fonseca, of London, Merchant, aged 21: Date: Aprill 20th, 1659]
↑ [XXXX HCA 13/128: Case: Beane ag:t Jacobs: Personall answeares: Humfrey Beane: Date: XXXX]
↑ [XXXX HCA 13/73 Part Two]
↑ [XXXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: XXXX: Examination: 2. Robert Grove, of Wapping, Mariner, aged 50: Date: Aprill 5:th 1658]
↑ [XXXX HCA 13/73: Case: XXXXX: Examination: 2. Richard Blake, of Ratcliffem Stepney, Middlesex, Mariner, aged 30: Date: January 14th 1658]
↑ [XXXX HCA 13/73: Case: XXXXX: Examination: 2. Richard Blake, of Ratcliffem Stepney, Middlesex, Mariner, aged 30: Date: January 14th 1658]
↑ HCA 13/73: Case: Luke Wood x:r ag:t the Pearce and ag:t Thomas Grove: Examination: 3. Peter Bartlet, of Ratcliff, Shipwright, aged 30: Date: January 12th, 1658
↑ HCA 13/73: Case: Lord Protector ag:t the Hope: Deposition: 5. Peter Aylward, of London, Merchant, aged 40: Date: February 21st 1658 (59)
↑ HCA 13/73: Case: Mayflower vs. XXXX: Deposition: 2. John Stannian, of the City of London; Gentleman, aged 26: Date: September 23rd 1659
↑ [XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: ffernandez and others touching the Hope: Examination: 8. Manuel de Fonseca, of London, Merchant, aged 21: Date: Aprill 20th, 1659]
↑ HCA 13/73: Case: XXXX: Examination: David Lloyd, Citizen & Cloatheworker, of London, aged 56: Date: March 8th 1658 (59)
↑ [XXXe HCA 13/73 Part One: Case: XXXX: Examination: 3. Thomas Wilkinson, of Wapping, Stepney, Middlesex, Mariner, late Master's Mate of the Lixon ffrigot, aged 30 yeeres: Date: February 10:th, 1658]
↑ HCA 13/129: Personal answers of Peter Cornelius Youngboare: Allegation: ?Maurice Trent: Date: 17th March 1658
↑ HCA 13/128: Case: XXXX: Answer: Richard Batson, Humphrey Beane, & Gowen Goldegay: Date: XXXX
↑ HCA 13/129: Personal answers of Humfey ffosse John Tucker Christofer Mills: Allegation: Captain Thomas Ewens: Date: XXXX
↑ HCA 13/128: Case: Libell against Elias Beake and Peter Mathews in the name of John Salter & others: Personal answeres: Elias Beake: Date: October 28th 1656
↑ [XXX HCA 13/73: Case: Christopher Malyn, Thomas Carret, Bethnel Tynck, George Southerne, Geirge Rogers, Thomas West, ffrancis Rosse, and John Robeck, late Mariners of the Ship the Anne:: Examination: 2. Joseph Bond: Date: February 26th 1658]
↑ [XXXX HCA 13/125: Case: Libell on behalfe of Elizabeth West, administrator of ffrancis West: Personal answeres: John Blith: Date: July 29th 1652]
↑ HCA 13/73: Case: John Swift John Parker John Harris and Company, Owners of the Shipp the Lady ffrigott vs. Hippolito Centurione of Genoa and others: Deposition: 5. John Gates, of Debtford, Kent, Ship Wright, one of the Carpenters of the Lady ffrigott, aged 18 : Date: June 4th, 1659
↑ [XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: William Craford and Anne his wife, Executors of Andrew Hill ag:t the Elizabeth & Mary and others: Examination: Thomas Hale, of Stepney, Mariner, aged 45: Date: March 29th, 1659]
↑ HCA 137128: XXXX)
↑ HCA 13/72: Case: Ex parte and on behalfe of Symon Delboe, Andrew Middleton, Nathaniell Temms, Thomas Britton, John Taylor, & Abraham Syon, owners of the Postillian: Examination: 1. John Kingsman, Mariner, Master of the Postillian, aged 32: Date: August 28th 1658
↑ HCA 13/128: Allegation: On the behalfe of Thomas Cullinge Jonathan Andrewes & Gifford Bale: Personal answers: Samuell Micoe: Date: June 10th 1657
↑ HCA 13/73: Case: John Swift John Parker John Harris and Company, Owners of the Shipp the Lady ffrigott vs. Hippolito Centurione of Genoa and others: Deposition: 3. Gilbert Anckelly, of Debtford, Kent, Mariner, late Boatswaine of the Lady ffrigorr, aged 30 : Date: June 3rd, 1659
↑ [XXXX HCA 13/73 Part One: XXXX]
↑ HCA 13/129: Personal answers of Humfey ffosse John Tucker Christofer Mills: Allegation: Captain Thomas Ewens: Date: XXXX)
↑ [XXX HCA 13/73: Case: Christopher Malyn, Thomas Carret, Bethnel Tynck, George Southerne, George Rogers, Thomas West, ffrancis Rosse, and John Robeck, late Mariners of the Ship the Anne:: Examination: 2. Joseph Bond: Date: February 26th 1658)]
↑ [XXX HCA 13/73 Part One: XXXX)]
↑ [XXX HCA 13/73: Case: XXXX: 2. Grace Hogsflesh, of Stepney, Widowe, aged 39: Date: Aprill 12:th 1659]
↑ HCA 13/129: Personal answers of Robert Oxwick, William Weilday and John Jefferyes: Allegation: John White & others: Date: 4th Feb. 1658
↑ HCA 13/129: Personal answers of Humfey ffosse John Tucker Christofer Mills: Allegation: Captain Thomas Ewens: Date: XXXX)
↑ [XXX HCA 13/73: Case: XXXX: Examination: 3. James Retallick, of Wapping, Mariner, aged 35: Date: March 5th 1658 English Style)]
↑ [XXX HCA 13/73 Part One: Case: M:r Alsonso Gomez Dias for goods in the Morning Starr: Examination: 1. Claes Willems, of Middleborough, Mariner, late Master of the Morninf Starr: Date: Aprill 22:nd 1659]
↑ [XXX HCA 13/73: Case: Christopher Malyn, Thomas Carret, Bethnel Tynck, George Southerne, Geirge Rogers, Thomas West, ffrancis Rosse, and John Robeck, late Mariners of the Ship the Anne:: Examination: 2. Joseph Bond: Date: February 26th 1658)]
↑ [XXX HCA 13/73 Part One: Case: James Nuthall ag:t the Gilly Flower alias the Hope, Henry Potts Master, & ag:t Henry Potts: Examination: 1. William Wyas, of Limehouse, Stepney, Vintner, aged 31: Date: February 18th, 1658 ]
↑ HCA 23/19: Document Number: 51: Case: Willia, Curtis, Thomas Hussey, Samuel Harvar(d): Date: ?1660

[1] HCA 13/73: Case: John Swift John Parker John Harris and Company, Owners of the Shipp the Lady ffrigott vs. Hippolito Centurione of Genoa and others: Deposition: 3. Gilbert Anckelly, of Debtford, Kent, Mariner, late Boatswaine of the Lady ffrigott, aged 30 : Date: June 3rd, 1659

[2] HCA 13/73: Case: Lord Protector ag:t the Hope: Deposition: 5. Peter Aylward, of London, Merchant, aged 40: Date: February 21st 1658 (59)

[3] HCA 13/125: Case: Libell on behalfe of Elizabeth West, administrator of ffrancis West: Personal answeres: John Blith: Date: July 29th 1652

[4] HCA 13/125: Case: Libell on behalfe of Elizabeth West, administrator of ffrancis West: Personal answeres: John Blith: Date: July 29th 1652

[5] Examination: 3. Phillip Harvey, of Limehouse, Mariner, Carpenter of the Oporto Merchant, aged 40: Date: March 11th, 1658

[6] [XXX HCA 13/73 Part One: Case: Greene, PXXX and others ag:t Ketcher and others: Examination: 1. Richard Rolfe, of Southampton, but lodging at Horsey Downe, Mariner, late Boatswaine of Lisbone ffrigot, aged 23]

[7] [XXX HCA 13/73 Part One: Case: XXXX: Examination: 3. Thomas Wilkinson, of Wapping, Stepney, Middlesex, Mariner, late Master's Mate of the Lixon ffrigot, aged 30 yeeres: Date: February 10:th, 1658]

[8] [XXX HCA 13/73 Part One: Case: Greene, PXXX and others ag:t Ketcher and others: Examination: 1. Richard Rolfe, of Southampton, but lodging at Horsey Downe, Mariner, late Boatswaine of Lisbone ffrigot, aged 23]

[9] HCA 13/73: Case: Mayflower vs. XXXX: Deposition: 2. John Stannian, of the City of London; Gentleman, aged 26: Date: September 23rd 1659

[10] HCA 13/68: Case: Clayme of Domingo Centurione for wools in the Morning Starr: Deposition: 3. Michael van Lubkin, of Hamborough, Mariner, Master of the Morning Starr, aged 31 Date: November 22nd 1653

[11] [XXX HCA 13/73: Case: Nuthall ag:t Potts: Examination: 3. John Carter, of Limehouse, parish of Stepney, Blockmaker, aged 61: Date: March 21:th 1658]

[12] [XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: Drawater ag:t the S:t Anne of Amsterdam, Henrdrick John Master, and ag:t her tackle and furniture: Examination: Hendrick Johnson, of XXXX, Holland, Marriner, Master of the S:t Anne, aged 33: Date: April 28:th 1659]

[13] [XXX HCA 13/73 Part One: Case: Christopher Malyn, Thomas Carret, Bethnel Tynck, George Southerne, George Rogers, Thomas West, ffrancis Rosse, and John Robeck, late Mariners of the Ship the Anne:: Examination: 2. Joseph Bond: Date: February 26th 1658]

[14] [XXX HCA 13/73 Part One: Case: XXXX: Answer: John Atkins: Date: XXXX]

[15] [XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: Grove ag:t Wood: Examination: William Best, of Corfe, Dorset, Mariner Gunners Mate, of the Peace, aged 22: Date: May 3rd, 1659]

[16] HCA 13/73: Case: Mayflower vs. XXXX: Deposition: 2. John Stannian, of the City of London; Gentleman, aged 26: Date: September 23rd 1659

[17] [XXXX HCA 13/73: Case: Lord Protector ag:t the Hope, Don Juan Master: Examined: Jacome Juan, of Deva in Biscay, Mariner, aged 28: Date: March 22:th 1658]

[18] Case: XXXX: Deposition: Nicholas Williams, of Redriffe, Surrey, Mariner, sometime Quartermaster on the Freetrade, aged 36: Date: March 9th 1653/44

[19] [XXX HCA 13/73: XXXX]

[20] [XXX HCA 13/73: XXXX]

[21] [XXX HCA 13/73 Part One: Case: Maurice Thompson Alderman William Thompson et al., freighters of the Maydenhead vs. the VOC: Deposition: 5. William Reading, of Redriff wall, St Mary Magdalen Bermondsey, Surrey, Mariner, aged 35: Date: January 19th 1658]

[22] HCA 13/125: Case: Allegacion on behalfe of Peter Scrother: Personal answers: Clement Nootes, John Johnson John JXXXXs and William Reage: Date: July 7th 1652

[23] HCA 13/73: Case: Mayflower vs. XXXX: Deposition: 2. John Stannian, of the City of London; Gentleman, aged 26: Date: September 23rd 1659

[24] HCA 13/129: Personal answers of Thomas Ewens: Allegation: Humfrey ffosse, John Tucker & Charles Howgate: Date: 2nd June 1659

[25] HCA 13/129: Personal answers of Augustine Coronell: Allegation: John Thacker: Date: June 23rd 1659

[26] HCA 23/19: Document Number: 237: Case: XXXX: Date: XXXX

[27] HCA 13/68: Case: Clayme of Domingo Centurione for wools in the Morning Starr: Deposition: 3. Michael van Lubkin, of Hamborough, Mariner, Master of the Morning Starr, aged 31 Date: November 22nd 1653

[28] [XXX HCA 13/73: XXX]

[29] HCA 13/125: Case: Allegacion on the behalfe of Robert ?Coda: Personal answeres: Captain Samuell St?urton: Date: XXXX

[30] [XXXX HCA 13/128: Allegation: Richard fford: Answer: ?Bas Nelders: Date: July 5th 1657]

[31] [XXXX HCA 13/73: XXXX7]

[32] [XXXX HCA 13/73 Part two: Case: Drawater ag:t the S:t Anne of Amsterdam, Henrdrick John Master, and ag:t her tackle and furniture: Examination: Hendrick Johnson, of XXXX, Holland, Marriner, Master of the S:t Anne, aged 33: Date: April 28:th 1659]

[33] [XXX HCA 13/73: Case: Wood ag:t Grove: Examination: 6 Lawrence Broadbolt, of Nevis, in the West Indies, Merchant, borne at Knasburrough, Yorkshire, aged 44: Date: Aprill 23rd, 1659]

[34] [XXX HCA 13/73: Case: XXXX: 2. Grace Hogsflesh, of Stepney, Widowe, aged 39: Date: Aprill 12:th 1659]

[35] HCA 13/73: Case: Lord Protector ag:t the Hope: Deposition: 5. Peter Aylward, of London, Merchant, aged 40: Date: February 21st 1658 (59)

[36] [XXXHCA 13/73 Part One: Case: Greene, PXXX and others ag:t Ketcher and others: Examination: 1. Richard Rolfe, of Siuthampton, but lodging at Horsey Downe, Mariner, late Boatswaine of Lisbone ffrigot, aged 23]

[37] HCA 13/73: Case: John Swift John Parker John Harris and Company, Owners of the Shipp the Lady ffrigott vs. Hippolito Centurione of Genoa and others: Deposition: 5. John Gates, of Debtford, Kent, Ship Wright, one of the Carpenters of the Lady ffrigott, aged 18 : Date: June 4th, 1659

[38] HCA 13/73: Case: John Swift John Parker John Harris and Company, Owners of the Shipp the Lady ffrigott vs. Hippolito Centurione of Genoa and others: Examination: 8. John Savage, of S:t Bartholomew neere the Royal Exchange, London, Merchant, aged 32 : Date: June 4th, 1659

[39] [XXX HCA 13/73 Part One: Case: XXXX: Examination: 3. Thomas Wilkinson, of Wapping, Stepney, Middlesex, Mariner, late Master's Mate of the Lixon ffrigot, aged 30 yeeres: Date: February 10:th, 1658]

[40] [XXX HCA 13/73: Case: Luke Wood x:r ag:t the Peace and ag:t Thomas Grove: Examination: 3. Peter Bartlet, of Ratcliff, Shipwright, aged 30: Date: January 12th, 1658]

[41] [XXX HCA 13/73: Case: Luke Wood x:r ag:t the Peace and ag:t Thomas Grove: Examination: 3. Peter Bartlet, of Ratcliff, Shipwright, aged 30: Date: January 12th, 1658]

[42] [XXX HCA 13/73: XXX]

[43] [XXX HCA 13/73: Case: Clayme of Thomas Cowling for Canary Wines taken in the S:t Laurence Peter: Examination: 1. Robert Bevin, of London, Merchant, aged 36: Date: October 11th 1659]

[44] HCA 13/128: Case: Libell against Elias Beake and Peter Mathews in the name of John Salter & others: Personal answeres: Elias Beake: Date: October 28th 1656

[45] HCA 13/128: Case: Allegation on behalfe of Nicholas Warren, Gregory Westcomb, John Jermin & Richard Westcomb: Personal answeres: Nicholas Pengelly & Alexander Ash: Date: November 22nd 1658

[46] HCA 13/128: Case: Allegation on behalf of Alexander Bence: Personal answeres: John Hill, one of the owners of the Oporto Merchant: Date: November 15th 1658

[47] [XXXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: XXXX: Examination: 2. Robert Grove, of Wapping, Mariner, aged 50: Date: Aprill 5:th 1658]

[48] [XXXX HCA 13/73 Part One: Case: Lord Protector ag:t the Hope: Deposition: 5. Peter Aylward, of London, Merchant, aged 40: Date: February 21st 1658 (59)]

[49] HCA 13/73: Case: Luke Wood x:r ag:t the Pearce and ag:t Thomas Grove: Examination: 3. Peter Bartlet, of Ratcliff, Shipwright, aged 30: Date: January 12th, 1658

[50] [XXXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: XXXX: Examination: 11. Peter Mathews, of London, Merchant, aged 42: Date: Aprill 22:th 1659]

[51] [XXX HCA 13/73: Case: XXXX: 2. Grace Hogsflesh, of Stepney, Widowe, aged 39: Date: Aprill 12:th 1659]

[52] [XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: XXXX]

[53] [XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: Wood ag:t Grove: Examination: 5. Thomas Yeomans of Wapping, Mariner, late Masters Mate of the Peace, aged 23: Date: March 11th 1658 English Style]

[54] [XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: Grove ag:t Wood: Examination: William Best, of Corfe, Dorset, Mariner Gunners Mate, of the Peace, aged 22: Date: May 3rd, 1659]

[55] [XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: Wood ag:t Grove: Examination: 5. Thomas Yeomans of Wapping, Mariner, late Masters Mate of the Peace, aged 23: Date: March 11th 1658 English Style]

[56] [XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: Wood ag:t Grove: Examination: 5. Thomas Yeomans of Wapping, Mariner, late Masters Mate of the Peace, aged 23: Date: March 11th 1658 English Style]

[57] [XXX HCA 13/73: Case: XXXX: 2. Grace Hogsflesh, of Stepney, Widowe, aged 39: Date: Aprill 12:th 1659]

[58] [XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: Grove ag:t Wood: Examination: William Best, of Corfe, Dorset, Mariner Gunners Mate, of the Peace, aged 22: Date: May 3rd, 1659]

[59] [XXX HCA 13/73: Case: Christopher Malyn, Thomas Carret, Bethnel Tynck, George Southerne, George Rogers, Thomas West, ffrancis Rosse, and John Robeck, late Mariners of the Ship the Anne:: Examination: 2. Joseph Bond: Date: February 26th 1658]

[60] HCA 13/68: Case: The Keepers of the Liberty of England ag:t the ship the Heart of Skadam: Deposition: 1. William Evarson, of Skadam, Holland, Mariner, aged 44: Date: September 26:th 1653

[61] [XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: Wood ag:t Grove: Examination: 5. Thomas Yeomans of Wapping, Mariner, late Masters Mate of the Peace, aged 23: Date: March 11th 1658 English Style]

[62] [XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: Grove ag:t Wood: Answer: Richard Blake: Date: Post March 28th, 1659]

[63] [XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: Luke Wood agt Thomas Grove: Examination: i. John Bourman, of Chatham, Kent, Shipwright, aged 38: Date: March 15th 1658]

[64] HCA 13/68: Case: XXXX: Deposition: Charles Marescoe, of S:t Nicholas Lane, London, Merchant, aged 21: Date: The same day (?1653/54, or 1654

[65] [XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: XXXX: Examination: 2. Robert Grove, of Wapping, Mariner, aged 50: Date: Aprill 5:th 1658]

[66] HCA 13/68: Case: The Keeper of the Liberty etc. vs. the Golden Starr: Deposition: 1. Mark Harrison, of Wapping, Middlesex, Mariner, aged 27: Date: September 22nd 1653

[67] XXXX HCA 13/128: XXXX

[68] XXXX HCA 13/128: XXXX

[69] XXXX, p. xxiv

[70] . 10

[71] XXX. p. 16

[72] XXX, p. 26

[73] [XXXX HCA 13/125: Case: Allegacion on the behalfe of Robert ?Coda: Personal answeres: Captain Samuell St?urton: Date: XXXX]

[74] HCA 13/125: Case: Allegacion on the behalfe of Robert ?Coda: Personal answeres: Captain Samuell St?urton: Date: XXXX

[75] XXXX HCA 13/128: XXXX

[76] XXX, p. 18

[77] [XXXX HCA 13/73: Case: Clayme of Thomas Cowling for Canary Wines taken in the S:t Laurence Peter: Examination: 1. Robert Bevin, of London, Merchant, aged 36: Date: October 11th 1659]

[78] HCA 13/68: Case: The Keeper of the Liberty etc. vs. the Golden Starr: Deposition: 1. Mark Harrison, of Wapping, Middlesex, Mariner, aged 27: Date: September 22nd 1653

[79] HCA 13/128: Allegation: On the behalfe of Thomas Cullinge Jonathan Andrewes & Gifford Bale: Personal answers: Samuell Micoe: Date: June 10th 1657

[80] HCA 13/125 Case: Libell against them on behalfe of John Harris and John Powicke: Personal answers: Edward Bellamye and Thomas Day: Date: XXXX

[81] HCA 13/69 Case: ? Deposition: Juan Thomas Milute, of Cadiz, Spain, merchant

[82] HCA 13/73: Case: John Swift John Parker John Harris and Company, Owners of the Shipp the Lady ffrigott vs. Hippolito Centurione of Genoa and others: Deposition: 3. Gilbert Anckelly, of Debtford, Kent, Mariner, late Boatswaine of the Lady ffrigozz, aged 30 : Date: June 3rd, 1659

[83] HCA 13/73: Case: John Swift John Parker John Harris and Company, Owners of the Shipp the Lady ffrigott vs. Hippolito Centurione of Genoa and others: Examination: 8. John Savage, of S:t Bartholomew neere the Royal Exchange, London, Merchant, aged 32 : Date: June 4th, 1659

[84] [XXXX HCA 13/73: Case: XXXX: Examination: 3. James Retallick, of Wapping, Mariner, aged 35: Date: March 5th 1658 English Style]

[85] [XXXX HCA 13/73: XXX]

[86] [XXXX HCA 13/73: XXX]

[87] [XXXX HCA 13/73: Case: Luke Wood x:r ag:t the Peace and ag:t Thomas Grove: Examination: 3. Peter Bartlet, of Ratcliff, Shipwright, aged 30: Date: January 12th, 1658]

[88] [XXXX HCA 13/73: Case: Luke Wood x:r ag:t the Peace and ag:t Thomas Grove: Examination: 3. Peter Bartlet, of Ratcliff, Shipwright, aged 30: Date: January 12th, 1658]

[89] [XXXX HCA 13/73: Case: Luke Wood x:r ag:t the Peace and ag:t Thomas Grove: Examination: 3. Peter Bartlet, of Ratcliff, Shipwright, aged 30: Date: January 12th, 1658]

[90] [XXXX HCA 13/73: Case: XXXX: Examination: 4. ffrancis Mould, of Poplar, Stepney, Middlesex, Mariner, aged 64: Date: March 7:th 1658 English Style]

[91] HCA 13/73: Case: Luke Wood x:r ag:t the Pearce and ag:t Thomas Grove: Examination: 3. Peter Bartlet, of Ratcliff, Shipwright, aged 30: Date: January 12th, 1658

[92] HCA 13/68: Case: The Keeper of the Liberty etc. vs. the Golden Starr: 3. Thomas Keyes, of Deptford, Kent, Mariner, late Quarter Masters Mate of the Advantage Frigot: Date: October 3rd 1653

[93] [Case: Grove ag:t Wood: Examination: William Best, of Corfe, Dorset, Mariner Gunners Mate, of the Peace, aged 22: Date: May 3rd, 1659 HCA 13/73 part Two: XXX]

[94] HCA 13/73: Case: Luke Wood x:r ag:t the Pearce and ag:t Thomas Grove: Examination: 3. Peter Bartlet, of Ratcliff, Shipwright, aged 30: Date: January 12th, 1658

[95] [XXX HCA 13/73: XXX]

[96] [XXX HCA 13/125: XXX]

[97] [XXX HCA 13/125: Case: XXXX: Examination: 9:ns Jan de Vos of London Mariner, M:r of the ship the ffox aged 53 yeares: Date: Aprill 21st, 1659]

[98] [XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: XXXX: Examination: 9:ns Jan de Vos of London Mariner, M:r of the ship the ffox aged 53 yeares: Date: Aprill 21st, 1659]

[99] [XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: XXXX: Examination: 10. Mare de Vos, wife of Jan de Vos, aged 43: Date: Aprill 21st, 1659]

[100] [XXX HCA 13/73 Part One: Case: XXXX: Examination: 3. Thomas Wilkinson, of Wapping, Stepney, Middlesex, Mariner, late Master's Mate of the Lixon ffrigot, aged 30 yeeres: Date: February 10:th, 1658]

[101] [XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: ffernandez and others touching the Hope: Examination: 8. Manuel de Fonseca, of London, Merchant, aged 21: Date: Aprill 20th, 1659]

[102] [XXX HCA 13/73: Case: Grove ag:t Wood: Answer: Richard Blake: Date: Post March 28th, 1659]

[103] [XXX HCA 13/73: Case: Grove ag:t Wood: Examination: William Best, of Corfe, Dorset, Mariner Gunners Mate, of the Peace, aged 22: Date: May 3rd, 1659]

[104] [XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: XXXX: Examination: 2. Robert Grove, of Wapping, Mariner, aged 50: Date: Aprill 5:th 1658]

[105] [XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: S:r John Dethick Knight, Edward Bolle, John Bancks Richard ffoord, Edward Mico, William ?Pretman and Company, concerning the Bantam ffrigott: Deposition: 4. Thomas Newman, of Mile End, Stepney, Merchant, late Supra cargo of the Bantam ffrigott, aged 43: Date: Aprill 16th 1658]

[106] HCA 13/73: Case: John Swift John Parker John Harris and Company, Owners of the Shipp the Lady ffrigott vs. Hippolito Centurione of Genoa and others: Deposition: 5. John Gates, of Debtford, Kent, Ship Wright, one of the Carpenters of the Lady ffrigott, aged 18 : Date: June 4th, 1659

[107] [XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: S:r John Dethick Knight, Edward Bolle, John Bancks Richard ffoord, Edward Mico, William ?Pretman and Company, concerning the Bantam ffrigott: Deposition: 4. Thomas Newman, of Mile End, Stepney, Merchant, late Supra cargo of the Bantam ffrigott, aged 43: Date: Aprill 16th 1658]

[108] [XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: Clarke ag:t Scattergood: Examination: 2. Robert Hercules, of Ratcliffe, Mariner, aged 40: Date: October 27th 1659]

[109] [XXXX HCA 13/125: XXXX]

[110] [XXXX HCA 13/73 Part One: Case: XXXX ag:t Church: Examination: 5. Thomas Gould, of Redriff, Surrey, Merchant, aged 39: Date: XXXX]

[111] [XXXX HCA 13/73 Part One: Case: XXXX ag:t Church: Examination: 5. Thomas Gould, of Redriff, Surrey, Merchant, aged 39: Date: XXXX]

[112] [XXX HCA 13/73:Case: Clarke ag:t Scattergood: Examination: 2. Robert Hercules, of Ratcliffe, Mariner, aged 40: Date: October 27th 1659]

[113] [XXX HCA 13/73: Case: Clayme of Thomas Cowling for Canary Wines taken in the S:t Laurence Peter: Examination: 1. Robert Bevin, of London, Merchant, aged 36: Date: October 11th 1659]

[114] [XXX HCA 13/73: Case: Wood ag:t Grove: Examination: 5. Thomas Yeomans of Wapping, Mariner, late Masters Mate of the Peace, aged 23: Date: March 11th 1658 English Style]

[115] [XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: Grove ag:t Wood: Answer: Richard Blake: Date: Post March 28th, 1659]

[116] [XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: William Craford and Anne his wife, Executors of Andrew Hill ag:t the Elizabeth & Mary and others: Examination: Thomas Hale, of Stepney, Mariner, aged 45: Date: March 29th, 1659]

[117] [XXX HCA 13/73: XXX]

[118] [XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: Grove ag:t Wood: Answer: Richard Blake: Date: Post March 28th, 1659]

[119] [XXX HCA 13/73: XXX]

[120] [XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: XXXX: Examination: 10. Mare de Vos, wife of Jan de Vos, aged 43: Date: Aprill 21st, 1659]

[121] [XXX HCA 13/73: XXX]

[122] [XXX HCA 13/73: XXX]

[123] [XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: Wood ag:t Grove: Examination: 5. Thomas Yeomans of Wapping, Mariner, late Masters Mate of the Peace, aged 23: Date: March 11th 1658 English Style]

[124] [XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: Luke Wood agt Thomas Grove: Examination: i. John Bourman, of Chatham, Kent, Shipwright, aged 38: Date: March 15th 1658]

[125] [XXX HCA 13/73 Part One: Case: Sorrell con. Hall: Examination: 11. William Wood, of Upper Shadwell, Stepney, Mariner, aged 27: Date: February 9th 1658]

[126] [XXX HCA 13/73: Case: Wood ag:t Grove: Examination: 4. Captain Thomas Thorne, of S:t Catherines XXXX, Mariner, aged 34: Date: June 18th, 1659]

[127] HCA 13/73: Case: Wood ag:t Grove: Examination: 4. Captain Thomas Thorne, of S:t Catherines XXXX, Mariner, aged 34: Date: June 18th, 1659

[128] [XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: Wood ag:t Grove: Examination: 5. Thomas Yeomans of Wapping, Mariner, late Masters Mate of the Peace, aged 23: Date: March 11th 1658 English Style]

[129] HCA 13/73: Case: XXXX: Examination: David Lloyd, Citizen & Cloatheworker, of London, aged 56: Date: March 8th 1658 (59)

[130] HCA 13/128: Case: Allegacon on the behalfe of Edward Paull & others: Personal answeres: William Wilmott: Date: XXXX

[131] HCA 13/73: Case: John Swift John Parker John Harris and Company, Owners of the Shipp the Lady ffrigott vs. Hippolito Centurione of Genoa and others: Deposition: 5. John Gates, of Debtford, Kent, Ship Wright, one of the Carpenters of the Lady ffrigott, aged 18 : Date: June 4th, 1659

[132] [XXX HCA 13/73 Part One: Case: XXXX: Examination: 3. Thomas Wilkinson, of Wapping, Stepney, Middlesex, Mariner, late Master's Mate of the Lixon ffrigot, aged 30 yeeres: Date: February 10:th, 1658]

[133] HCA 13/73: Case: John Swift John Parker John Harris and Company, Owners of the Shipp the Lady ffrigott vs. Hippolito Centurione of Genoa and others: Deposition: 7. William Bowtell, of London, Merchant, aged 25 : Date: June 8th, 1659

[134] [XXX HCA 13/73 Part One: Case: Greene, PXXX and others ag:t Ketcher and others: Examination: 1. Richard Rolfe, of Southampton, but lodging at Horsey Downe, Mariner, late Boatswaine of Lisbone ffrigot, aged 23]

[135] HCA 13/73: Case: Wood ag:t Grove: Examination: 4. Captain Thomas Thorne, of S:t Catherines XXXX, Mariner, aged 34: Date: June 18th, 1659

[136] [XXXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: Luke Wood agt Thomas Grove: Examination: i. John Bourman, of Chatham, Kent, Shipwright, aged 38: Date: March 15th 1658]

[137] [XXXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: XXXX: Examination: 2. Robert Grove, of Wapping, Mariner, aged 50: Date: Aprill 5:th 1658]

[138] TNA HCA 1/8: The Information of James Mountjoy against Joseph Ward M:r Thomas Ward and Samuell Harken, M:re mates of the Parromore of London.

[139] HCA 13/64: Case: XXXX: Deposition: Edward Wye, of Ratcliffe, parish of Stepney, Middlesex, late Master and Commander of the Saphire alias the ffairfax, aged 42: Date: XXXX

[140] [XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: Concerning Jane Hughes & the Thomas Bonadventure ag.t the owners of the said ship: Examination: Henry Hughes. pf Deptford, Kent, Merchant, aged 28: Date April 29th, 1659]

[141] [XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: William Craford and Anne his wife, Executors of Andrew Hill ag:t the Elizabeth & Mary and others: Examination: Thomas Hale, of Stepney, Mariner, aged 45: Date: March 29th, 1659]

[142] ttp://bron.wikispot.org/HCA_13/128#head-b7e7fc954b7c6989da0ef5766b7addf6c17e38ca HCA 13/128: Allegation: Richard fford: Answer: ?Bas Nelders: Date: July 5th 1657

[143] HCA 13/128: Case: Allegacon on the behalfe of Edward Paull & others: Personal answeres: William Wilmott: Date: XXXX

[144] HCA 13/128: Case: Libell against Elias Beake and Peter Mathews in the name of John Salter & others: Personal answeres: Elias Beake: Date: October 28th 1656

[145] HCA 13/68: Case: Clayme of John Scrother for goods on the Black Cock: Deposition: 1. Jacob Wigandi, of Hamborough, Merchant, aged 25: Date: November 30th 1653

[146] [XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: Clarke ag:t Scattergood: Examination: 2. Robert Hercules, of Ratcliffe, Mariner, aged 40: Date: October 27th 1659]

[147] XXX HCA 13/128: XXXXX

[148] XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: Clarke ag:t Scattergood: Examination: 2. Robert Hercules, of Ratcliffe, Mariner, aged 40: Date: October 27th 1659

[149] HCA 13/68: Case: On behalf of John Harrison: Deposition: 3. William Neave, of Dukes Place, London, Merchant, aged 44: Date: December ?23rd 1653

[150] HCA 13/88: Case: XXXX: Deposition: Nicholas Williams, of Redriffe, Surrey, Mariner, sometime Quartermaster on the Freetrade, aged 36: Date: March 9th 1653/44

[151] [XXXX HCA 13/73: Case: Christopher Malyn, Thomas Carret, Bethnel Tynck, George Southerne, George Rogers, Thomas West, ffrancis Rosse, and John Robeck, late Mariners of the Ship the Anne:: Examination: 2. Joseph Bond: Date: February 26th 1658]

[152] [XXXX HCA 13/73: Case: XXXX: Answer: John Atkins: Date: XXXX]

[153] [XXXX HCA 13/73: Case: XXXX: Answer: John Atkins: Date: XXXX]

[154] [XXXX HCA 13/73: Case: Christopher Malyn, Thomas Carret, Bethnel Tynck, George Southerne, George Rogers, Thomas West, ffrancis Rosse, and John Robeck, late Mariners of the Ship the Anne:: Examination: 2. Joseph Bond: Date: February 26th 1658]

[155] This is the footnote text

[156] HCA 13/73: Case: Lord Protector ag:t the Hope: Deposition: 5. Peter Aylward, of London, Merchant, aged 40: Date: February 21st 1658 (59)

[157] [XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: ffernandez and others touching the Hope: Examination: 8. Manuel de Fonseca, of London, Merchant, aged 21: Date: Aprill 20th, 1659]

[158] [XXXX HCA 13/128: Case: Beane ag:t Jacobs: Personall answeares: Humfrey Beane: Date: XXXX]

[159] [XXXX HCA 13/73 Part Two]

[160] [XXXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: XXXX: Examination: 2. Robert Grove, of Wapping, Mariner, aged 50: Date: Aprill 5:th 1658]

[161] [XXXX HCA 13/73: Case: XXXXX: Examination: 2. Richard Blake, of Ratcliffem Stepney, Middlesex, Mariner, aged 30: Date: January 14th 1658]

[162] [XXXX HCA 13/73: Case: XXXXX: Examination: 2. Richard Blake, of Ratcliffem Stepney, Middlesex, Mariner, aged 30: Date: January 14th 1658]

[163] HCA 13/73: Case: Luke Wood x:r ag:t the Pearce and ag:t Thomas Grove: Examination: 3. Peter Bartlet, of Ratcliff, Shipwright, aged 30: Date: January 12th, 1658

[164] HCA 13/73: Case: Lord Protector ag:t the Hope: Deposition: 5. Peter Aylward, of London, Merchant, aged 40: Date: February 21st 1658 (59)

[165] HCA 13/73: Case: Mayflower vs. XXXX: Deposition: 2. John Stannian, of the City of London; Gentleman, aged 26: Date: September 23rd 1659

[166] [XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: ffernandez and others touching the Hope: Examination: 8. Manuel de Fonseca, of London, Merchant, aged 21: Date: Aprill 20th, 1659]

[167] HCA 13/73: Case: XXXX: Examination: David Lloyd, Citizen & Cloatheworker, of London, aged 56: Date: March 8th 1658 (59)

[168] [XXXe HCA 13/73 Part One: Case: XXXX: Examination: 3. Thomas Wilkinson, of Wapping, Stepney, Middlesex, Mariner, late Master's Mate of the Lixon ffrigot, aged 30 yeeres: Date: February 10:th, 1658]

[169] HCA 13/129: Personal answers of Peter Cornelius Youngboare: Allegation: ?Maurice Trent: Date: 17th March 1658

[170] HCA 13/128: Case: XXXX: Answer: Richard Batson, Humphrey Beane, & Gowen Goldegay: Date: XXXX

[171] HCA 13/129: Personal answers of Humfey ffosse John Tucker Christofer Mills: Allegation: Captain Thomas Ewens: Date: XXXX

[172] HCA 13/128: Case: Libell against Elias Beake and Peter Mathews in the name of John Salter & others: Personal answeres: Elias Beake: Date: October 28th 1656

[173] [XXX HCA 13/73: Case: Christopher Malyn, Thomas Carret, Bethnel Tynck, George Southerne, Geirge Rogers, Thomas West, ffrancis Rosse, and John Robeck, late Mariners of the Ship the Anne:: Examination: 2. Joseph Bond: Date: February 26th 1658]

[174] [XXXX HCA 13/125: Case: Libell on behalfe of Elizabeth West, administrator of ffrancis West: Personal answeres: John Blith: Date: July 29th 1652]

[175] HCA 13/73: Case: John Swift John Parker John Harris and Company, Owners of the Shipp the Lady ffrigott vs. Hippolito Centurione of Genoa and others: Deposition: 5. John Gates, of Debtford, Kent, Ship Wright, one of the Carpenters of the Lady ffrigott, aged 18 : Date: June 4th, 1659

[176] [XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: William Craford and Anne his wife, Executors of Andrew Hill ag:t the Elizabeth & Mary and others: Examination: Thomas Hale, of Stepney, Mariner, aged 45: Date: March 29th, 1659]

[177] HCA 137128: XXXX)

[178] HCA 13/72: Case: Ex parte and on behalfe of Symon Delboe, Andrew Middleton, Nathaniell Temms, Thomas Britton, John Taylor, & Abraham Syon, owners of the Postillian: Examination: 1. John Kingsman, Mariner, Master of the Postillian, aged 32: Date: August 28th 1658

[179] HCA 13/128: Allegation: On the behalfe of Thomas Cullinge Jonathan Andrewes & Gifford Bale: Personal answers: Samuell Micoe: Date: June 10th 1657

[180] HCA 13/73: Case: John Swift John Parker John Harris and Company, Owners of the Shipp the Lady ffrigott vs. Hippolito Centurione of Genoa and others: Deposition: 3. Gilbert Anckelly, of Debtford, Kent, Mariner, late Boatswaine of the Lady ffrigorr, aged 30 : Date: June 3rd, 1659

[181] [XXXX HCA 13/73 Part One: XXXX]

[182] HCA 13/129: Personal answers of Humfey ffosse John Tucker Christofer Mills: Allegation: Captain Thomas Ewens: Date: XXXX)

[183] [XXX HCA 13/73: Case: Christopher Malyn, Thomas Carret, Bethnel Tynck, George Southerne, George Rogers, Thomas West, ffrancis Rosse, and John Robeck, late Mariners of the Ship the Anne:: Examination: 2. Joseph Bond: Date: February 26th 1658)]

[184] [XXX HCA 13/73 Part One: XXXX)]

[185] [XXX HCA 13/73: Case: XXXX: 2. Grace Hogsflesh, of Stepney, Widowe, aged 39: Date: Aprill 12:th 1659]

[186] HCA 13/129: Personal answers of Robert Oxwick, William Weilday and John Jefferyes: Allegation: John White & others: Date: 4th Feb. 1658

[187] HCA 13/129: Personal answers of Humfey ffosse John Tucker Christofer Mills: Allegation: Captain Thomas Ewens: Date: XXXX)

[188] [XXX HCA 13/73: Case: XXXX: Examination: 3. James Retallick, of Wapping, Mariner, aged 35: Date: March 5th 1658 English Style)]

[189] [XXX HCA 13/73 Part One: Case: M:r Alsonso Gomez Dias for goods in the Morning Starr: Examination: 1. Claes Willems, of Middleborough, Mariner, late Master of the Morninf Starr: Date: Aprill 22:nd 1659]

[190] [XXX HCA 13/73: Case: Christopher Malyn, Thomas Carret, Bethnel Tynck, George Southerne, Geirge Rogers, Thomas West, ffrancis Rosse, and John Robeck, late Mariners of the Ship the Anne:: Examination: 2. Joseph Bond: Date: February 26th 1658)]

[191] [XXX HCA 13/73 Part One: Case: James Nuthall ag:t the Gilly Flower alias the Hope, Henry Potts Master, & ag:t Henry Potts: Examination: 1. William Wyas, of Limehouse, Stepney, Vintner, aged 31: Date: February 18th, 1658 ]

[192] HCA 23/19: Document Number: 51: Case: Willia, Curtis, Thomas Hussey, Samuel Harvar(d): Date: ?1660

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@@ Line 8: / Line 8: @@
 ----
 ==Suggested links==
+See [[MRP: Commodities|Commodities]]
+See [[MRP: Geography|Geography]]
+See [[MRP: Shipping terminology|Shipping terminology]]
+See [[MRP: Style Sheet One|Style Sheet One]]
+See [[MRP: Transcription|Transcription]]
+See [[MRP: Admiralty court cases|Admiralty court cases]]
 ----
 ==To do==
@@ Line 13: / Line 21: @@
 ==Notes==
+----
+==Current topics for synthesis==
+----
+===Adventures, money, cloathes and instruments===
+-  "the arlate Captaine Hosier and his Company had at the tyme of the seizure of the ''Lady ffrigott''& her ladeing by the sayd Gen?uoa man of warr the ''Sta Cruse'' goods which were her & their adventures and money cloathes and Instruments aboard her to the value in this deponents Judgement of eight hundred pounds of lawfull English money All which were seized and taken from the sayd Hosier & his Company & they utterly deprXed of them by the Captaine & Company of the sayd Gennoa man of warr who plundered them of them and having soe done kept the Company of the ''Lady ffrigott'' prisoners for a teyme the most of them being cheyned, and after wards sett them on shoare in the Island of Cephalonia to shXXX for themselves without allowing them money or provisions"<ref>[[MRP: HCA 13/73#head-8945bbd3b098cd3ca3d021ae3203b2772200c8a7|HCA 13/73: Case: John Swift John Parker John Harris and Company, Owners of the Shipp the Lady ffrigott vs. Hippolito Centurione of Genoa and others: Deposition: 3.  Gilbert Anckelly, of Debtford, Kent, Mariner, late Boatswaine of the Lady ffrigott, aged 30 : Date: June 3rd, 1659]]</ref>
+----
+===Amsterdam to the Spanish West Indies===
+'''English merchants sending ship from Amsterdam to Spanish West Indies'''
+- "M:r John Page one of the Merchants concerned in this busines, having with his associates a designe in hand to send a shipp from Amsterdam for the West Indies to trade for their account upon the coasts of the Spaniards, and understanding that this deponent understood both the Spanish and dutch tongues (besides English) and could speake them, and alsoe understood the busines of traffique and XXXXX as a marchant treated and agred with this deponent to goe the said voyage for five pounds per moneth wages and XXXX for XXX goods for his owne account, wherein hee this deponent was to give assistajce to John Lo?pes his ?precontest who was alsoe then XXX and being XX hired this deponent was XX XXX XXXXX in a dutch shipp called the ?''Mackerell'' bound for Amsterdam and concerned with him in the said shipp XXXXX, perpetuanas, ?hatts, and many other particulars of goods w:ch were here ?provided by the said M:r Page and XXXX ffernandez, M:r ?Robles, M:r Jenkin and M:r ?Painter Merchants of this citie, to be at Amsterdam put aboard such a shipp as could be provided for that XXXX and voyage."<ref>[[MRP: HCA 13/73#head-20cc9524f6449d3264092c6f244adaa50ab5d970|HCA 13/73: Case: Lord Protector ag:t the Hope: Deposition: 5.  Peter Aylward, of London, Merchant, aged 40: Date: February 21st 1658 (59)]]</ref>
+----
+===Appraisal===
+'''Appraisal of the estate of a deceased person'''
+-  "there was also a warrant granted from the said Governor to M:r Humfrey Kent and M:r Richard SXXXswicke, to appreize the said goods accordinge to theire trew value, uppon theire oathes who (being sworne before the said Governor or some Justice of the Peace att the Barbados to the effect a forsaid) did apprize all the said goods uppon the XXXoathes att five thousand nine hundred seaventy and eight pounds of Tobacco and more as hee beleeveth"<ref>[[MRP: HCA 13/125#head-59f076f9d8b79695b760b46e06ea08d92bf5cd08|HCA 13/125: Case: Libell on behalfe of Elizabeth West, administrator of ffrancis West: Personal answeres: John Blith: Date: July 29th 1652]]</ref>
+-  "hee this rendent did deliver a pticular of Inventary of the said goods as they were apprised by the said Appraisors under theire hands to the said M:rs West or M:r William ffisher then Proctor for her in the Prerogative Court with a testification of theire being sworne uppon the said appraisem:t w:ch they the said M:rs West and her Proctor did ever since detaine from him"<ref>[[MRP: HCA 13/125#head-59f076f9d8b79695b760b46e06ea08d92bf5cd08|HCA 13/125: Case: Libell on behalfe of Elizabeth West, administrator of ffrancis West: Personal answeres: John Blith: Date: July 29th 1652]]</ref>
+'''Appraisal of a ship for a prize court'''
+ADD TEXT
+----
+===Bad weather===
+'''A great and violent storm on route from the Barbadoes to London'''
+-  "y:e ''Oporto Merchant'' being laden at the Barbadoes, with Sugars & Cottons & some other merchandizes for the account of several merchants Departed from thence bound for this Port of London and in her Course hetherward (sic), neere y:e Islands fflowers and Calves, being two of the Westerene Islands on XX or about the 20:th day of January last, shee met with a great , and violent Storme; w:ch Continued about sixteene houres very violent the Winde being then at West, and y:e sd. shipp tunning before y:e Sea, for her better preservaccon) under aforesaile, her sterne gave way, And thereupon, her Company were forced to hang their foresaile, and lye under a mizen, and y:e said Ships Tiller by Violence of the said Storme was broken, w:ch did much endanger her Rudder and sterne post, and by meanes of y:e breaking of her Tiller y:e said Ship, shee receaved much water in at her ?behind port ?w:ch came into y:e said Ships hold, and y:e said Ships mizen XXX by y:e violence & force of the said Storme was Torne in peeces.  and y:e greatest part of it blowne away, and y:e said Ship lying broad off to y:e sea, shipped a great Sea, w:ch washed over board her sheath Anchor, w:ch was fastned by y:e said Ships side and washed her Boate and Skiffe, to Leewards, and y:e said Anchor, hanging by a Rope where with it was fastned to the said Ships side, and y:e said Ship, Turning or rowling too and fro, y:e said Anchor bilged a hole, neere y:e Lough of ?the Said Ship, and made a Leake in her, through w:ch ?there went some water, and their being as aforesaid much water receaved ar rge XXXX Port of the said Ship, y:e said Ship had about foure foote water in her hold, w:ch caused y:e said Ship to lye dead in y:e Sea.  And saith that by the Violence and Duraccon of the said Storme & y:e pXXX aforesaid, the said Ship and her Lading and Company on board her were in Great Danger of Sinking and Perishing in y:e Sea The prmisses hee deposeth being on board y:e said Ship y:e said time, and Carpenter of her."<ref>[[MRP: HCA 13/73#head-97c8c234d938431c33de9853b70897bcf4aae4ee| HCA 13/73: Case: Rowland Hill John Hill and Company own:rs of the Oporto Merchant vs. Sir James Drax et al:: Examination: 3.  Phillip Harvey, of Limehouse, Mariner, Carpenter of the Oporto Merchant, aged 40: Date: March 11th, 1658]]</ref>
+----
+===Betrayal as a strategem===
+'''Attempted betrayal at the Canaryes'''
+-  "whilest the said Spanish Boate was by or neere the ''Lisbone ffrigot'' the Company in the said Spanish Boate told the said Ketcher that Captaine Neale of Dover was with his said Ship trading in Gaza?chim Road, and thereupon the same being not farr from Oratavo the said Ketcher thinking it might be true, and that in case hee were there they might trade the more secure together did cause his said Ship to be carryed thither, and upon his arrivall there; found noe such ship there, nor any others but foure Spanish Vessells, neither had the said Neales bin there in many monethes, before And saith that the said Caroly Tye and all the said Ships Company did absolutely conclude, and agree that what the said Spaniards, said, or did was meant onely as a Meanes to betray both ship and goods, and therefore the said Ships Company would never be psuaded to goe on shore againe, although often importuned by the said Ketcher"<ref>[XXX  HCA 13/73 Part One: Case: Greene, PXXX and others ag:t Ketcher and others:  Examination:  1.  Richard Rolfe, of Southampton, but lodging at Horsey Downe, Mariner, late Boatswaine of Lisbone ffrigot, aged 23]</ref>
+-  "the said Spanish Boate soe came to the side of the said Ship the ''Lixon ffrigot'', with the said pretended ffactor in it the afternoone of the 20:th day of the said moneth of July 1658: (as hee now remembreth the say) andin the morning of the said day the said Tye as aforesaidwent in the ''Lixon ffrigots'' boate towards shore, and was
+denyed Prattick as aforesaid, and about the time that the said Spanish Boate, came from shore to y;e ''Lixon ffrigotts''
+side as afiresaid the Newes aforesaid of the English their taking of Dunkirke, and their putting (as was said & p:rtended) All XXX Spaniards therein to the Swod, after they had given them quarter, and saith that all the said Ships Company did beleeve that the sending of the said Boate & men therein to procure the M:r mate Boatswaine Purser, and one or two more of the said Ships Company to bee meerely a trick, and meanes of betray them and not to procure
+them Prattick in Regard they had the said morning soe as aforesaid positively denied them." <ref>[XXX  HCA 13/73 Part One: Case: XXXX:  Examination: 3. Thomas Wilkinson, of Wapping, Stepney, Middlesex, Mariner, late Master's Mate of the Lixon ffrigot, aged 30 yeeres:  Date:  February 10:th, 1658]</ref>
+----
+===Bills of exchange===
+ADD EXAMPLE
+----
+===Bills of health===
+'''Suspicious failure of Spanish to demand bill of health from English ship coming from a plague port'''
+-  "all of them much Importune the said Caralo Tye to goe on shore to procure practick for the said Ship, but the said Tye did not nor would soe Doe, And saith that the said P:rtended ffactor or any that came with him did not demand  or require either any Bills of health. or other paps or writings or desired to knowe w:th what goods the said ship was Laden"<ref>[XXX  HCA 13/73 Part One: Case: Greene, PXXX and others ag:t Ketcher and others:  Examination:  1.  Richard Rolfe, of Southampton, but lodging at Horsey Downe, Mariner, late Boatswaine of Lisbone ffrigot, aged 23]</ref>
+----
+===Bills of lading===
+'''Colourable bills of lading'''
+- "[In context of trade in Brazil wood between Lisbone and Newhaven by the Portuguese Brazil Company] sometimes there are Colourable bills of Lading made & signed for goods, and noe reall bills, but in such Cases, the M:r of the ship hath Instrctions where and to whom to Deliver the goods mentioned in y:e Colourable bills./:"<ref>[[MRP: HCA 13/73#head-33d2b1e0e6e0fc1345132124672e893357ee3da7| HCA 13/73: Case: Mayflower vs. XXXX: Deposition: 2. John Stannian, of the City of London; Gentleman, aged 26: Date: September 23rd 1659]]</ref>
+'''Tenor of bills of lading'''
+-  "after the reception thereof [138 bags of Spanish wooll sent to Antwerp] this dep:t signed three bills of lading of one teno:r and caused the same to be entred into his books. the receipt of the same, and to whome they were consigned as aforesaid"<ref>[[MRP: HCA 13/68#head-8d2b57a6d8ff68e8639c8effd7247eeaad951d03| HCA 13/68: Case: Clayme of Domingo Centurione for wools in the Morning Starr: Deposition: 3.  Michael van Lubkin, of Hamborough, Mariner, Master of the Morning Starr, aged 31 Date: November 22nd 1653]]</ref>
+----
+===Book keepers===
+-  "The p:rmisses hee [Manuel de Fonseca, of London, Merchant, aged 21] deposeth, being made privy to the said Designe and Voyage, and Beeing y:e said M:r ffernandez his booke keeper:"
+----
+===Bottomery===
+'''Lending of money upon bottomry'''
+-  "in or about the moneth of November 1656: the arlate ?James Nuthall did send unto the foresaid Henry Potts, for buying of provisions & to provide a Stock for y:e said Ship to goe the foresaid Voyage; and  saith that the said Potts hath acknowledged soe much to this depo:t And saith further ?that the said Potts hath told this depo:t that the said Nuthall lent the foresaid money upon Bottomry:"<ref>[XXX  HCA 13/73: Case: Nuthall ag:t Potts: Examination:  3.  John Carter, of Limehouse, parish of Stepney, Blockmaker, aged 61:  Date:  March 21:th 1658]</ref>
+'''Shortage of money leading to request for bottomry by a ship's master'''
+-  "the said shipp lying long and could not proceed by meanes of fowle weather and XXXX, and haveing greate ?mass (Or ?want) of money, this deponent bespake the said factor to l?end and furnish for her use and occasions a summe of money upon bottomry, to be repaid with consideracon for the use therof after the sais shipps retourne or to that effect; and that the said freighter lent and advanced upon such ?instance of this deponent the summe of eleaven hundred gilders.  And further that after receipt thereof the said factor in regard of this deponents not proceeding, making complaint to the Magistrate, caused the said shipp to bee arrested, and that this deponent and one of his owners comming treatie with the said factor, did in consideraccon of the said moneys and the dealy and pXXXXX suffered by his principall (M:r Drawater) in the said shipp not proceeding but depXXing from the said voyage, agreed to allow and pay unto him the summe of two and twenty hundred gilders, hollands money, amount'ing to two hundred and twenty pounds sterling or thereabouts"<ref>[XXX  HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: Drawater ag:t the S:t Anne of Amsterdam, Henrdrick John Master, and ag:t her tackle and furniture:  Examination:  Hendrick Johnson, of XXXX, Holland, Marriner, Master of the S:t Anne, aged 33:  Date: April 28:th 1659]</ref>
+----
+===Books of accounts===
+'''Books of accounts left on wrecked ship'''
+-  "the winde was very high when y:e ''Anne'' was driven upon y:e sd sands, and the Seas were ?mighty boysterous. Insomuch that they beate over y:e Deck of the sd ship with such a fforce that y:e Company on y:e Deck could Scarce Stand upon their Leggs, and saith there were XXXXX saved, and brought out of the said ship, just before her breaching in peeces, and saith y:e bookes of Accounts belonging to y:e ship, was not brought out.   but left in her, when her Company left her.  And saith that, after the sd ship  ?Struck upon y:e Sands, her Company had noe time to Take any of their owne goods (save what they had about them) were all busied about hoysting out their boate (OR, boats):"<ref>[XXX  HCA 13/73 Part One: Case: Christopher Malyn, Thomas Carret, Bethnel Tynck, George Southerne, George Rogers, Thomas West, ffrancis Rosse, and John Robeck, late Mariners of the Ship the Anne:: Examination: 2.  Joseph Bond: Date: February 26th 1658]</ref>
+-  " y:e bookes of Accounts, and all other accounts touching the sd Ship & Lading; (w:ch were aboard the said Ship, at and upon y:e Death of the said William Malim,) were locked and Sealed up in a box, by one Captaine Hudson Comander of the ''Smyrna ffactor'', and Miles Bro?cose Comander of the ''William'' (w:ch werein Company of y:e ''Anne'') the same daye that the said Will:m Malim Dyed; and after they were soe Locked and Seiled up, they were put into the M:rs Cabbin, where they remained untill the sd ship came to Cyprus, (after she came from Scanderoone;) where (by order of the Wor:ll Roger ffooke) the said box was opened in y:e presemce of the sd Captaine Miles Brouse, & Captaine PhXXXton, Comander of the Comerce; and y:e bookes or Accounts wherein the bills of Ladeig firmed at Scanderoone; for their homewards Voyage, were entred, was taken out and delivered to the said Wor:ll Roger ffooke, and then y:e said box was Locked and sealed up againe by the said BrouXX and Plumpton, and put into the Hold of the said Ship the ''Anne''; where they Continued and were when the said Ship was Cast away as aforesaid, And saith that after the ?said Ship came upon y:e said Sand?s her Company had noe time either to save any paps or any of their Cloathes or goods w:ch were in y:e sd Ship, but were most of them Imployed about Hoysting out their boate, and using other meanes for saving of their Lives. and while they were soe busied this depo:t gave, a small bagg of lettyrs to the foresd John Roberts, desiring him to have a speciall care of them, and p:rserve them if hee coul Possible; and all the Company of the said Ship, being gone a way in their boat?s, and this depo:t staying aboard as aforesaid, hee went into his Cabbin, and there tooke some Copyes of Accounts w:ch lay there ready Tyde up, and put them in his pocket, and there being other Originall papers, Letters, writings w:ch hee thought were of more Concernmen:t hee wrapt them up in a paire of ?Loinings & a Shirt, the better to keepe them dry, and by that time hee had soe done the ship was bilging, and hee perceiving y:e same Imediately ranne upp, upon y:e Deck of the ship, with y:e sd writings. and ?heaved off as aforesd. and after hee had Carried y.e sd writings w:ch were wrapt upp in his ?Loinings & Shirt, in his hand about a Stones through from y:e sd Ship, hee was forced for safeguard of his life; to let them goe, and with much difficulty and hazard of his life got to y:e sd Boate as aforesd. and soe by the Great Providence of God got to Shore, where the said papers w:ch hee had in his pocket were dryed, LARGE INSERTION TO BE TRANSCRIBED, and after, LARGE INSERTION TO BE TRANSCRIBED, ?before dryed they came to the hands of one John Walker who was Mate and Pilot of the said ship, who delivered the same to this depo:t herein London and this depo:t delivered them to the foresaid M:r ffrancis ffooke; and the said Bag of XXtters which were p:rserved by y:e said Roberts this depo:t Carryed to y:e said M:r ffookes Lodging but hee not being then in Towne; (as this depo:t was informed by one M:r Bridges. kinsman of the said ffrancis ffowke, and at whose house the said M:r ffowkes lay.) this depo:t acquainted y.e said Bridges. with his Busines and y:e said Bridges advised this depo:t XX delivered the said Letters to y:e merch:ts to whom they were directed and the said M:r Bridges to that End went along with this depot to the Exchange; where hee delivered the said Letters according to thir Superscriptions"<ref>[XXX  HCA 13/73 Part One: Case: XXXX: Answer: John Atkins: Date: XXXX]</ref>
+'''Casting up accounts during a voyage'''
+-  "while the sayd shipp ''Peace'' remayned at ?Leserne arlate & when shee was ready to depart ?thence the arlate Luke Woods did with this deponent & Thomas Yeomans whome hee had imployed on shoare in takeing Accompt of what salte was sent aboard the sayd shipp to be laden, goe on shoare to cast up and make even his the sayd Woods Accounts, that hee might bee in a readines to depart"<ref>[XXX  HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: Grove ag:t Wood:  Examination:  William Best, of Corfe, Dorset, Mariner Gunners Mate, of the Peace, aged 22:  Date:  May 3rd, 1659]</ref>
+----
+===Brokers===
+'''Common broker'''
+-  "John Roles is of this Depo:ts knowledge a Comon Broker, betwixt Merchts and M:r of ships and other Trade:?s and hath noe pticular relaccon to the said Brazil Companz that this Depo:t knoweth of/:"<ref>[[MRP: HCA 13/73#head-33d2b1e0e6e0fc1345132124672e893357ee3da7| HCA 13/73: Case: Mayflower vs. XXXX: Deposition: 2. John Stannian, of the City of London; Gentleman, aged 26: Date: September 23rd 1659]]</ref>
+----
+===Cape merchant===
+-  "all w:ch goods were laded by the said John Lopez (as hee saith) who was Cape merchant of the said shipp the sad voyage, and is (as hee taketh it) a Spaniard"<ref>[XXXX HCA 13/73: Case: Lord Protector ag:t the Hope, Don Juan Master:  Examined: Jacome Juan, of Deva in Biscay, Mariner, aged 28:  Date: March 22:th 1658]</ref>
+----
+===Characteristics of a good ship===
+'''Strong and tight'''
+- "att such tyme as the sayd shipp ''Free trade'' now seized at Lisbone as aforesd she was a strong and tight shipp and had bene but one voyage before att sea from the tyme of her sd building"<ref>[[MRP: HCA 13/68#head-ba56423722456e018a88d06052af3bdf5c97f223|Case: XXXX: Deposition: Nicholas Williams, of Redriffe, Surrey, Mariner, sometime Quartermaster on the Freetrade, aged 36: Date: March 9th 1653/44]]</ref>
+'''Good Decks and was well rigged & fitted'''
+-  "y:e said ship was at her departure from the Barbadoes, y:e said voyage; and untill the said Storme happened, a strong tight and stXXXX Vessell, and had Good Decks and was well rigged & fitted with all XXXXs of materiall for such a voyage & Imploym:t and saith she was not over laden the said voyage, And further deposeth that the foresd Sheat Anchor, was well & Sufficiently fastned to the said Ships Side,  ?al Anchors use to be for ought hee knoweth ?to the Contrary:  And what damage is happened to y:e sd Ship & lading Came & happened meerely by the sd Storme & Timpestious (sic) XXXX & not through Insufficiency of y:e sd Ship. or Carlessnes of or in her Company or any of them."<ref>[XXX HCA 13/73: XXXX]</ref>
+----
+===Chief Mates===
+'''Promotion from chief mate to Master on death of Master'''
+-  "upon y:e Death of the foresaid W:m Malim (w:ho  was M:r of the said ship) this depo:t became M:r of her, hee being before: y:e said W:m Malims Cheife mate; And  for that hee received at Satalia, of the sayd William Malim ?twenty Eight ryalls of Eight, and at Scanderoone hee received of y:e sd Malim either Eight or tenne Ryalls more (but, whether eight or Tenne he ?cannot ...."<ref>[XXX HCA 13/73: XXXX]</ref>
+----
+===Chinese in Bantam===
+-  "in the yeare and moneth aforesayd pepper might then have bin hard at Bantam bought of the Chinese (sic) & was by the Chinese offered XXXXXXXXXX there to be sold to ?sayth as would buy the same at the rate of five and a halfe pence alright or XXXX for the parcell every parcell being comonly accompted one hundred sixty two pounds English weight"<ref>[XXX HCA 13/73 Part One: Case: Maurice Thompson Alderman William Thompson et al., freighters of the Maydenhead vs. the VOC: Deposition: 5. William Reading, of Redriff wall, St Mary Magdalen Bermondsey, Surrey, Mariner, aged 35: Date: January 19th 1658]</ref>
+----
+===Clearing a ship (to depart from a harbour)===
+ADD TEXT
+----
+===Coasting trade===
+-  "they nor either of them was even with him at Hamburrough neither hath the said Scrother (as they and every of them beleiveth) beene more than once att Hambrough these 7 yeares but doth trade and coast upp and downefrom place to place (as he conceiveth) most advantagious for his benefiitt"<ref>[[MRP: HCA 13/125#head-d3985b0ab6617bd2f0b9663a05fd9ef6ffcb4273|HCA 13/125: Case: Allegacion on behalfe of Peter Scrother: Personal answers: Clement Nootes, John Johnson John JXXXXs and William Reage: Date: July 7th 1652]]</ref>
+----
+===Colliers===
+'''Colliers from Newcastle'''
+-  "shee [the ''Agreem:t''] came from Newcastle the said Voyage with a Lading of Coales, on or about the twentieth day of October 1658. in Company of about Threescore saile of Colliers w:ch were bound hereto this Port, and some other places here in England,
+----
+===Coming foule===
+ADD DATA
+----
+===Commercial failure===
+'''Composition with creditors'''
+-  "y:e arlate ffrancis Pardini is (as this Depo:t hath heard) failed) ?in Estate, and y:e arlate John Thacker (as this Depo:t hath also heard) is Employed to make y:e said Pardinies Composicon with his Credito:es"<ref>[[MRP: HCA 13/73#head-33d2b1e0e6e0fc1345132124672e893357ee3da7|HCA 13/73: Case: Mayflower vs. XXXX: Deposition: 2. John Stannian, of the City of London; Gentleman, aged 26: Date: September 23rd 1659]]</ref>
+'''Failure of a merchant at Genoa or Legorne'''
+- "at Genoa this rendent tooke in some pte of her lading & was to goe to Legorne  to take in y:e remainder, & at his arrivall at Legorne the merchant who freaighted this rendents ship failed so that this rendents designe was overthrown" [Answer given June 1659]<ref>[[MRP: HCA 13/129#head-2187c17fbe54015abbe3f7fced1c8d59ab105c17|HCA 13/129: Personal answers of Thomas Ewens: Allegation: Humfrey ffosse, John Tucker & Charles Howgate: Date: 2nd June 1659]]</ref>
+'''False bills of sale to manipulate ownership of goods following a merchant's failure'''
+- "hee doth beleive the said de Silvera not knowing the said ffrancis Pardini was failed did send the bill of lading unto him as he beleiveth but hee doth not beleive the said John Tha?cker did really buy the said wood of the said M:r Pardini or pay him any thing for the same, neither doth hee beleive that the said M:r Pardini or any other merchant that is failed hath a legall power to make any sale of any goods that come to him during the time they absent and are not able to pay their debts, but hee doth beleive the said M:r Thacker being imployed by y:e said M:r Pardini as his sollicitor to make his composicon with his creditors hee  & the said M:r Pardini did contrive together to gett the said goods into their hands if possibly they could and in order thereunto he beleiveth the said M:r Pardini did colourably, and fraudulently signe the bill of sale or schedule alleadged and deliver the same for his XXX as hee beleeveth...
+To the sixth hee answeareth that hee doth beleive that the said M:r Pardini did in further ?prosequucon of the said fraudulent contrivance betweene him and the said M:r Thacker his sollicitor endorse the bill of ladeing as is alleadged but hee being soe failed & absented hee doth beleive the same is utterly voyd and of noe effect." [Answer given June 1659, referring to events in 1649]<ref>[[MRP: HCA 13/129#head-7add01eb55b9cf6345f63bbe88a499d677f3a0bf|HCA 13/129: Personal answers of Augustine Coronell: Allegation: John Thacker: Date: June 23rd 1659]]</ref>
+'''Failure of bankruptcy of a merchant not known for some time'''
+- "4 Itmm interr. Whether before the shippe ''Stockholme'' came from Stockholme, and before the Iron in controversie was Laden aboard, was itt nott commonly and generally reported that the said Godfrey Deleau was bankrupt or failed in his estate and in what moneth did the said wittnesse first heare that the said Deleau was failed. Et fiat ut supra."<ref>[[MRP: HCA 23/19#head-3a3b264dc7ab6b5850da1f19f766d617c0cac7e3|HCA 23/19: Document Number: 237: Case: XXXX: Date: XXXX]]</ref>
+'''Failure of a merchant leading to forced sale of a ship to pay mariners' wages'''
+- "after the the foresaid breakeinge of the said Merchants freighters, the said Cravens not haveing monies to paye the marriners theire wages for the said voyage the said Marriners arrested the said shipp for the same & by course of Lawe att Marcelles the said Shipp was condemned and sould for the payment of the said Marriners wages & other debts then due, uppon her the said Owners not takeing order to pay the said wages, and other debts then due uppon her in tyme" (HCA 15/6 Box Two)
+----
+===Commercial activities of the King of Spain===
+-  "in the moneth of January 1653. new style, and for about 14. yeares before this depon:t hath well knowne the arlate John de Windt, who is a Merchant and Burgher of Cadiz, and is married there, and saith That by the credible relation of the said John de Windt and others at Cadiz this depon:t: hath understood y:t the arlate Domingo Centurione at the time of the Lading of the said  woolls was a Spaniard liveing at Madrid, and Councello:r to his Catholique Ma:tie and his Principall ffacto:r or Agent for the sending of goods wares and merchandizes from Spaine into ffland:rs for the supply of his said Ma:ties occasions there, And saith both the psons arlate were and are commonly accompted Subiects to the said King of Spaine."<ref>[[MRP: HCA 13/68#head-8d2b57a6d8ff68e8639c8effd7247eeaad951d03| HCA 13/68: Case: Clayme of Domingo Centurione for wools in the Morning Starr: Deposition: 3.  Michael van Lubkin, of Hamborough, Mariner, Master of the Morning Starr, aged 31 Date: November 22nd 1653]]</ref>
+----
+===Commercial practices of planters===
+'''Promising freight to ships returning to England'''
+- "it is a Comon practise for planters at S:t Christophers and Mevis and parts thereabouts to make Verball Agreem:ts and to make Great and Large promises"<ref>[XXX HCA 13/73: XXX]</ref>
+----
+===Commissions===
+'''Tenor of a commission'''
+-  " they did with the said shippe the ''Elsabeth'' goe forth and seize in and take uppon the high Seas as Prize the severall vessells w:th their Ladeinges as is arlate neare about the tyme arlate and brought or sent the same to some portes of this Common Wealth to be proceeded against accordinge to the Tenor of this Rendents Commission"<ref>[[MRP: HCA 13/125#head-c403c7c62e1f965e187877df6bfbb20b437b128c|HCA 13/125: Case: Allegacion on the behalfe of Robert ?Coda: Personal answeres: Captain Samuell St?urton: Date: XXXX]]</ref>
+----
+===Contempt of court===
+'''Contempt of the High Court of Admiralty'''
+-  "hee answereth and beleeveth that hee hath not committed any contempt against this Court or the authoritie thereof, and thereofore ought not to be punished with havinge XXXXX the same."<ref>[XXXX HCA 13/128: Allegation:  Richard fford: Answer: ?Bas Nelders: Date: July 5th 1657]</ref>
+----
+===Cost of victualls & provisions===
+'''Monthly cost of victualls & provisions for ship of XXX crew'''
+-  "the Victualls and Provisions. spent the said voayge, p moneth did amount unto /as the said Luke Wood hath told this Depo:t) about 25:li or 30:li"<ref>[XXXX HCA 13/73: XXXX7]</ref>
+----
+===Court at Amsterdam===
+'''Magistrates court at Amsterdam'''
+-  "the said factor in regard of this deponents not proceeding, making complaint to the Magistrate, caused the said shipp to bee arrested, and that this deponent and one of his owners comming treatie with the said factor, did in consideraccon of the said moneys and the delay and pXXXXX suffered by his principall (M:r Drawater) in the said shipp not proceeding but depXXing from the said voyage, agreed to allow and pay unto him the summe of two and twenty hundred gilders, hollands money, amount'ing to two hundred and twenty pounds sterling  or thereabouts, and that the said shipp should be liable to make good ?that ?payment thereof, or to that effect, and the said factor accepted thereof And saith that comming afterwards to this port, shee was here arrested for the said moneyes as the suter of the said M:r Drawater, and lies  now under that arrest, and that the said summe of two and twenty hundred gilders is really due upon and from the said shipp for the said debt soe contracted"<ref>[XXXX HCA 13/73 Part two: Case: Drawater ag:t the S:t Anne of Amsterdam, Henrdrick John Master, and ag:t her tackle and furniture:  Examination:  Hendrick Johnson, of XXXX, Holland, Marriner, Master of the S:t Anne, aged 33:  Date: April 28:th 1659]</ref>
+----
+===Court at Nevis===
+'''Thomas Grove before Court at Nevis'''
+-  "hee this deponent saith that hee well remembreth that the sayd Thomas Grove was while hee stayed at Nevis questionned by the sayd Luke Woods in the Court of Nevis (this deponent then sitting there as a member thereof,) touching his refractory and disobedient & uncivill carriage towards the sayd Woods his supracargo tending to the p:riudice of the voyage And hee well remembreth that  the sayd Thomas Grove Master of the ''Peace'' did openly in the Court before this deponent & divers others who satt as Judges thereof, speake in ?disgrace of the ffish that the sayd Woods had bought & brought to Nevis & sayd that the ffish that hee the sayd Woods had bought & brought thither was Refuse ffish...
+To the 35:th arle hee saith as aforesayd that hee being one of the Judges of the Court at Nevis knoweth that while the sayd Grove was there hee was by the sayd Woods conXXXed before the Court touching his refractory and uncivill carriage to the sayd Woods in the voyage in question leading to the preiudice and XXXXXXX of the sayd voyage and severall wittnesses produced & examined against him upon Interrogatories which notwithstanding the sayd Grove did as before hee this deponent hath declared in open Court say that the ffish the sayd Woods had bought & brought to Nevis in the ship ''Peace'' was Refuse ffish."<ref>[XXX HCA 13/73: Case: Wood ag:t Grove:  Examination:  6  Lawrence Broadbolt, of Nevis, in the West Indies, Merchant, borne at Knasburrough, Yorkshire, aged 44:  Date: Aprill 23rd, 1659]</ref>
+----
+===Court of Probate & Administration===
+-  "shee referreth herselfe the Registry of the Court for probate of Wills and Granting of Ad?conns:"<ref>[XXX HCA 13/73: Case: XXXX:  2.  Grace Hogsflesh, of Stepney, Widowe, aged 39:  Date: Aprill 12:th 1659]</ref>
+----
+===Crew numbers===
+-  "[The 'XXXX"", a ship of XXX tonns] hee saith there were twenty men and a boy belonging to the said shipp when shee XX XXXXX Milford<ref>[[MRP: HCA 13/73#head-20cc9524f6449d3264092c6f244adaa50ab5d970|HCA 13/73: Case: Lord Protector ag:t the Hope: Deposition: 5.  Peter Aylward, of London, Merchant, aged 40: Date: February 21st 1658 (59)]]</ref>
+-  "[In the ''Lisbone ffrigott''] the whole Number of Marriners , that served in the said Ship the said Voyage together with the M:r consisted of, and were only Eleven men & one boy, and noe more"<ref>[XXXHCA 13/73 Part One: Case: Greene, PXXX and others ag:t Ketcher and others:  Examination:  1.  Richard Rolfe, of Siuthampton, but lodging at Horsey Downe, Mariner, late Boatswaine of Lisbone ffrigot, aged 23]</ref>
+----
+===Currants===
+'''Currants from Petrao and Mahalgo'''
+-  "the sayd shipp was hyred and taken to freight by some of the Turkey Company Merchants of London (but their names hee knoweth not in pticuler) to goe upon a Merchandising imployment from London to Petr?ao arlate and ?Mahaligo & other places beyond the seas to lade Currans and other goods for their use & Account & bring them for London & there deliver them to them or their Agents and did accordingly within the sayd tyme arrived at the Roade of Potrea and there & at Mahalago tooke in Currans to the quantity of one hundred and threescore Tonnes which were laden by the Agents of the sayd ffreighters to & for the sayd ffreighters Account to be thence transported to London & there delivered ti the sayd ffreighters or their Agents for their use this hee knoweth being one of the sayd shipps Company and helping to lade the sayd Currans"<ref>[[MRP: HCA 13/73#head-6dcf5b8b811454f886c6971a51aed8a72e650965|HCA 13/73: Case: John Swift John Parker John Harris and Company, Owners of the Shipp the Lady ffrigott vs. Hippolito Centurione of Genoa and others: Deposition: 5.  John Gates, of Debtford, Kent, Ship Wright, one of the Carpenters of the Lady ffrigott, aged 18 : Date: June 4th, 1659]]</ref>
+'''Currants from Zante and Mathalago'''
+-  "in ffebruary last hee this deponent with William Savage and Thomas ?Atterton, brought the lading of currans of the shipp the ''Virgin frigot'' being Zante Currans of the producente William Bowtell ?as XX agreed and paid three pounds and two shillings per ?pound weight for the same and soe much hee saith they were worth XX and saith that Mathalago currants were XXXXX worth twenty XX per hundred more than Zante currants."<ref>[[MRP: HCA 13/73#head-473df9fa2ed9980dcc252c820ecb271c7f141f3e|HCA 13/73: Case: John Swift John Parker John Harris and Company, Owners of the Shipp the Lady ffrigott vs. Hippolito Centurione of Genoa and others: Examination: 8.  John Savage, of S:t Bartholomew neere the Royal Exchange, London, Merchant, aged 32 : Date: June 4th, 1659]]</ref>
+----
+===Custom and use of the sea===
+'''Not according to the custom & use of the sea'''
+- "the afternoone of the said day that the said Tye had bin the second time ashore as aforesd their came a Spanish Boate to the ''Lixon ffrigot'' side , (w:ch came from Otrava,) with about Eight or 9 Spaniards in it, and told y:e said Ketcher and Tye, and others of y:e said Ships Company on y:e Deck of the said Ship, that they might have Practick for ?the said Ship, but said that it was upon this Condition that the M:r Mate, Purser, [Boatswaine has been crossed out], and one or two more, of the said Ships Compnay. must goe on shore, and unlesse they would soe doe they could not have Prattick, and the said Tye was then in the said Ship, and the said Ketcher spake to the said Tye to tell them that it was not according to the Custome & use of the sea, for a M:r, Mate, Purser. and on, or two more of the said ships Company to
+<ref>[XXX HCA 13/73 Part One: Case: XXXX:  Examination: 3. Thomas Wilkinson, of Wapping, Stepney, Middlesex, Mariner, late Master's Mate of the Lixon ffrigot, aged 30 yeeres:  Date:  February 10:th, 1658]</ref>
+----
+===Dead freight===
+'''Shee came home about halfe dead freighted'''
+-  "the shipp ''Peace'' was of the burthen of ?two [this figure appears to have been blotted out] hundred tonnes or neere thereabouts and that of his this deponents knowledge shee came home about halfe dead freighted for that the arlate Luke Woods beside the dammage hee susteyned in the sale  of his three eighth parts of the sayd shipps ladeing of ffish & other Merchandizes did suffer losse and dammage in the sayd shipps want of ladeing home the simme of two hundred pounds sterling or neere thereabouts in this deponents Judgement & estimate"<ref>[XXX HCA 13/73: Case:  Luke Wood x:r ag:t the Peace and ag:t Thomas Grove:  Examination:  3.  Peter Bartlet, of Ratcliff, Shipwright, aged 30:  Date:  January 12th, 1658]</ref>
+----
+===Debauched behaviour===
+'''A man of lewde and debauched behaviour'''
+-  "while the sayd shipp stayed at MXXX hee heard divers of the Planters there saye that they would have laded goods aboard the sayd ship the ''Pease'' but that they sawe that the arlate Thomas Grove was a man of lewde  and debauched behaviour and therefore they dearst not trust him with their goods or words to that effect for which reason hee beleeveth that the sayd Woods was much damnified by the sayd Groves debauched behaviour and lost much ladeing there which otherwise hee might have had"<ref>[XXX HCA 13/73: Case:  Luke Wood x:r ag:t the Peace and ag:t Thomas Grove:  Examination:  3.  Peter Bartlet, of Ratcliff, Shipwright, aged 30:  Date:  January 12th, 1658]</ref>
+----
+===Discipline on board ship===
+'''Use of the rope'''
+-  "Grove did set forward his mariners, and encourage them to doe their dutyes the said Voyage; and upon carles Neglects of the same, the said Grove did XXX some  of his said Mariners, giving them moderate?Correccon with a Ropes End or the XXte"<ref>[XXX HCA 13/73: XXX]</ref>
+----
+===Disguising the identity of a ship===
+'''Colourable bills of lading'''
+-  "this Depot (besides these three pipes in question) hath received other wines from y:e said producent. w:ch were likewise mentioned in the Bills of Lading to be laden by & for account of the said Don Juan Corall, although in truth the same belonged to and were for y:e said Cowlings account, & the returnes thereof were made by this Depo:t to the said Cowlings and saith that since the warrs betweene this Nation and Spaine it hath bin and is usuall for English Merchants that trade by Canaryes, to Colo:r their goods by putting in Dutch or Spanish names in the Bills of Lading, in regard it is dangerous for English subjects to trade to at or from Canaryes in their, owne names"<ref>[XXX HCA 13/73: Case: Clayme of Thomas Cowling for Canary Wines taken in the S:t Laurence Peter: Examination: 1.  Robert Bevin, of London, Merchant, aged 36:  Date: October 11th 1659]</ref>
+'''Use of non-English masters and commanders'''
+-  "the sd ship haveing unladen her outward goods did receive in other good to y:e  value of neare thirty three hundred pounds and was in her returne about July last 1656. mett with by a Dunkirk or ?Dutch Vessell upon a Spanish Comission, and the Comp:ie neglecting to defend their sd Ship & goods (as they ought to have done) or to make any opposition or resistance, or so much as to conceale her from belonging to the English when as there as a dutch M:r & passes & other things necessary to have coloured her ?she was wholly lost from the Owners, to their very great damage"<ref>[[MRP: HCA 13/128#head-5756e8a4cff39ee460292afceafa94ffaa79ebc9|HCA 13/128: Case: Libell against Elias Beake and Peter Mathews in the name of John Salter & others:  Personal answeres: Elias Beake: Date: October 28th 1656]]</ref>
+----
+===Doctors Commons===
+'''The Hall'''
+-  "Repeated before D:r Godolphin & Coll Cocke In the Hall x:r. November the 22:th 1658."<ref>[[MRP: HCA 13/128#head-76df3d90a0f1b878487f4c1ea5a00104bb4f00f7| HCA 13/128: Case: Allegation on behalfe of Nicholas Warren, Gregory Westcomb, John Jermin & Richard Westcomb: Personal answeres: Nicholas Pengelly & Alexander Ash: Date: November 22nd 1658]]</ref>
+'''Chambers'''
+-  "15:° Novemb 1658. Repeated before dror Godolphon one of the Judges x:r In his Chamber x:X"<ref>[[MRP: HCA 13/128#head-d912e595b8b3fcb6f20e53a3531cdf07a3c95cdb| HCA 13/128: Case: Allegation on behalf of Alexander Bence: Personal answeres: John Hill, one of the owners of the Oporto Merchant:  Date: November 15th 1658]]</ref>
+----
+===Double negative===
+"before the said Grove did turne back any boates Lading of salt, hee the said Grove did send a Noate by One of his Company to the said Luke Wood, (who was on shore,) that hee could not take in noe more Salt"<ref>[XXXX  HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: XXXX:  Examination: 2. Robert Grove, of Wapping, Mariner, aged 50:  Date: Aprill 5:th 1658]</ref>
+----
+===Dunkirke===
+'''Putting of Spanish garrison of Dunkirke to the sword'''
+ADD DATA
+----
+===Dutch in London===
+ADD DATA
+----
+===Dutch West India Company===
+'''False papers for the Dutch West India Company'''
+-  " their Instructions were verball and not in writing, saving that M:r Tilly gave them a paper belonging to the dutch) and that she belonged to the dutch West India Company, w:ch paper the said Jerome was to show in case of meeting with Spaniards, and in his custody XX was and was as XXXXX written in dutch"<ref>[XXXX  HCA 13/73 Part One: Case: Lord Protector ag:t the Hope: Deposition: 5. Peter Aylward, of London, Merchant, aged 40: Date: February 21st 1658 (59)]</ref>
+----
+===Effect of drink===
+'''Delayed departure from port due to Master drinking on shore'''
+-  "the sayd Grove ordered to sayle the sayd shipp over the barr and there to bring her againe to Anchor and haveing given such order, & there being a Country boate lyeing by the shipp side, the sayd Thomas Grove would needes goe on shoare againe and did goe on shoare in the sayd Country boate, notwithstanding the sayd Woods did earnestly persuade & entreate him not to goe on shoare & told him it would be a great hinderance to the voyage the shipp being bound upon a fishing designe & the winde being ?the fayre for her departure as in deede it was And the sayd Grove being soe gone on shoare  some of the shipps company after they had sayled the shipp over the barr & then brought her to an Anchor went on shoare with the shipps boate to fetch the sayd Grove on board which notwithstanding the sayd Grove continewed ashoare most part of that night and came not againe on board the sayd shipp till about two of the Clock in the morning next after and was when hee soe came (in this deponents Judgment) much distempered with drink and began to to curse and sweare and amongst other words sayd that there were some on board thought much of his being on shoare but hee cared not for that, and sayd that the sayd shipp should ride longer there and accordingly did keepe her there at anchor about an hower after such his comming on board & then gave order to weigh Anchor, and did sett sayl, this hee deposeth of certayne knowledge & alsoe heareing the sayd words or others to that effect spoken, as alsoe did most of the sayd shipps company"<ref>[[MRP: HCA 13/73#head-761fc1c079262a26423aebf1557358559fe4210d|HCA 13/73: Case:  Luke Wood x:r ag:t the ''Pearce '' and ag:t Thomas Grove:  Examination:  3.  Peter Bartlet, of Ratcliff, Shipwright, aged 30:  Date:  January 12th, 1658]]</ref>
+----
+===Exchange===
+'''Persons seen on the Exchange in London'''
+-  " hee saith hee hath knowne y:e interrate John Page for about 8 or 9 yeeres last & y:e Interrate Andrew Dunkin for about a yeere & y:e Interrate Antonio ffernandez for theise sixteene yeeres last & y:e Interrate Antonio XXXX for about 5 or 6 yeeres last, & y:e sd Schauternell for y:e time aforesd. but beleeveth hee doth not knowe the Interrate Gowan Painter & John Tilly.  And sawe y:e sd ffernandez & ?Robles the day on y:e Exchange, & y:e sd Page on Monday last upon y:e Exchange, & y:e sd Dunkin about a Moneth since upon y:e Exchange & saw y:e sd John Schauternel, last in Amsterdam about thirteene yeeres"<ref>[XXXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: XXXX: Examination: 11. Peter Mathews, of London, Merchant, aged 42:  Date: Aprill 22:th 1659]</ref>
+----
+===Expression of emotions in commercial discourse===
+'''Anger'''
+-  "the said M:rs Craford being then p:rsent in the same roome; this depo:t told the said Thomas Middleton that this woman (pointing to and meaning y:e said M:rs Crafford,) was Come to demand his wages And y:e said Middleton replyed in an angry manner, that hee would not give her any account of it, because shee had arrested him; and dis?charged him; for hee had a house to Comand and a Ship to Comand, and tenne thousand pound to Comand, and was able enough to pay her, but nowe hee would not, for shee should have Lawe enough for her money: or to the very same effect"<ref>[XXX HCA 13/73: Case: XXXX:  2.  Grace Hogsflesh, of Stepney, Widowe, aged 39:  Date: Aprill 12:th 1659]</ref>
+'''The Damne Me Captaine'''
+-  "the said Grove for about a yeere and halfe last, and saith hee is Counted a rash hasty man, and subject to passion; and soe hee was accounted at Nevis and this depo:t hath heard him there called the DAMNE ME CAPTAINE: or such like words. and some of y:e plant:rs & Gentlemen of the Island of Nevis did not well affect him; and this Depo:t heard one M:r ?Joanes and one M:r ?Rothington; say at Nevis that they would not come with Grove, but wold rather goe by y:e way of Holland"<ref>[XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: XXXX]</ref>
+'''Fell a rayling'''
+-  "about the middle of September 1657 this deponent & the arlate Luke: Woods were togeather at the sayd Woods house in Newfound land makeing upp & perfecting the Merchants Accounts of the shipp ''Peace'' and that the arlate Thomas Grove came hither to them and being come fell a rayling against the arlate Edward Crispe as formerly hee had done & called him dogg and roague and XXXX soe XXXXX in his the sayd Groves words & behaviour that the sayd Woods & this deponent were by reason thereof forced to goe away and leave the perfecting of their Accompts till a further tyme"<ref>[XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: Wood ag:t Grove: Examination:  5.  Thomas Yeomans of Wapping, Mariner, late Masters Mate of the Peace, aged 23: Date: March 11th 1658 English Style]</ref>
+'''The sayd Grove fell a swearing & curseing'''
+-  "about two of the Clock in the morning next after, hee the sayd Grove the Master came againe aboard the sayd shipp And the sayd Luke Woods speakeing upon the deck to the sayd Grove in a milde and civill manner before this deponent and divers of the sayd Shipps Company sayd ?this or the like in effect M:r Grove I wonder yo:w would stay soe longe on shoare seeing the winde is fayre for our departure, and seemed to be discontented at the sayd Groves staye whereupon the sayd Grove fell a swearing & curseing (but the perticular oathes hee  remembreth not) and sayd there were some aboard that thought XXXX of his being a shoare but hee cared not, and sayd the sayd shipp should ride longer yet, and then commanded all the Company XXXX such as were upon therwatch to goe to their Cabbins, which they accordingly did"<ref>[XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: Grove ag:t Wood:  Examination:  William Best, of Corfe, Dorset, Mariner Gunners Mate, of the Peace, aged 22:  Date:  May 3rd, 1659]</ref>
+'''Threatened violence'''
+-  " in the moneth of November 1657 (the tyme now certainely hee doth not now call to mynde) the arlate Luke Woods Thomas Grove and this deponent & Robert Groves & William Tizard Mates Edward Gold Chirugion of the ''Pease'' being at supper togeather aboard the sayd shipp the sayd Thomas Grove the Master did give the sayd Woods very reproachfull Speeches and called him old Roague Pedler Pimpe and ?Chiach and spreading his hands abroad swore that if hee layd them upon him the sayd Woods hee would teare him in peeces and sayd alsoe that if the sayd Woods was not an olde Roague hee would drubb him that hee should not be able to help him selfe And further to this arle hee cannot depose for that hee this deponent rose from supper & was gone off of the deck before the sayd Grove the Master & Woods came out of the round house upon the deck & soe heard not what passed betweene them upon the deck"<ref>[XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: Wood ag:t Grove: Examination:  5.  Thomas Yeomans of Wapping, Mariner, late Masters Mate of the Peace, aged 23: Date: March 11th 1658 English Style]</ref>
+----
+===Falling foul of a ship===
+'''Manoeuvres at sea lead to a collision'''
+-  "about the twenty eigth day of September 1657 in the Morning the M:r & Company of the ''Peace'' espied three ?Bankers which at first they thought to bee some of their Consorts bound for the Barbados & bearing up towards them they knew the ship they ?came up with to be a ffrench shipp which came in Company with the ''Peace'' from Nants in ffrance for Newfound land and saith that the sayd Luke Woods accompanied with Robert Grove one of the sayd Thomas Groves Mates (but by whose perswasion hee knoweth not) did goe on board the sayd ffrench shipp & sent the boate of the ''Pease'' back againe aboard her which being done the ''Pease'' stood away from the sayd ffrench shipp about halfe a league & did tack & stand to the winde wards of her and rann the ffrench shipp aboard in the quarter to XX great danger of the losse of the sayd ffrench shipp in soe much that ?the ffrench men aboard her apprehending the danger to be great did all save one who was lame come aboard the ''Pease'' & leave the sayd Luke Woods aboard the sayd ffrench shipp, till at length the sayd Woods  with great danger of his life cut off the ffrench shipp into the ''Pease'' by assistance of one of the ''Peases'' Company who tooke hold of the sayd Wood as hee hung by the rayles of the ''Pease'' All which happened in this maner the sayd shipp ''Pease'' having first stood off from the ffrench shipp about halfe a league and then by the sayd Thomas Groves order tacking about with intent to get windewards of the ffrench shipp the ''Pease'' having her two topp sayles alofte and being but newly tackt about shee did not ?feele her heXXXX & soe the sayd Grove the Master caused her fore topsayle to be lowered that the shipp might come to, and the shipp ''Pease'' drawing nigh to the ffrench shipp & not getting the winde of her this deponent & M:r Tizard (both Mates) told the sayd Grove that they feared they should be aboard of the ffrench shipp, hee the sayd Grove having caused the fore topp sayle to be lowered, whereto the sayd Grove answered & sayd noe, I hope not, and ordered the foretopsaile to be hoisted againe that soe the ''Pease'' might beare up under the ffrench shipps Sterne, but the ''Pease'' was then gotten soe neere the ffrench shipp that there was not roome for the ''Pease'' to beare up under her sterne, by which XXXX she came fowle of the sayd ffrench shipp in manner as aforesayd"<ref>[XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: Wood ag:t Grove: Examination:  5.  Thomas Yeomans of Wapping, Mariner, late Masters Mate of the Peace, aged 23: Date: March 11th 1658 English Style]</ref>
+----
+===Female presence in commercial physical space===
+'''Visiting a male merchant's house'''
+- "the producent Anne Craford desired this depo:t to goe along with her to the signe of the Red Lyon at the Old Swan in Thames Streete there to Meete with the said Thomas Middleton, & to aske of him the wayges w:ch was due to the arlate Andrew Hill, And this  depo:t at her request did goe with her to the said place; where this depo:t and y:e said M:r Craford  found y:e said Thomas Middleton And this depo:t then and there asked y:e said Middlton whether hee had not one Andrew Hill Cooke of his ship, to w:ch the said Middleton Answered Yes; and this depo:t asking him howe long y:e sd Hill served in his ship; and at what what hee was shipped. at.  The said Middleton replyed that hee served in his ship about foure yeere, and two Monethes: and was shipped at Thirty shillings p moneth...
+M:rs Craford y:e producent required this depo:t to come and testify the truth of her Knowledge in the busnies and saith shee did never belong to y:e said Ship; And saith that this depo:t liveth at the next house; to the house whereof y:e said M:rs Craford Liveth, and hath lived there about four yeeres, & the said Craford hath lived there in her said house a longer time, and this depo:t being y:e time aforesyd the sd M:rs Craford neighbo:r shee was by y:e sd M:rs Craford Caried to the foresd place, to the foresd purpose; And saith she hath not Received neither bin Promised anything for her Testimony herein nor doth shee as shee saith expect to receave any thing for y:e same, And saith shee is worth about two hundred pounds. in her Cleare Estate, and to the rest negatively:/:...
+Repeated before D:r Godolphin:/:
+The marke of  the ?said
+Grace  [The mark looks like an interlinked WW] Hogs?flesh"<ref>[XXX HCA 13/73: Case: XXXX:  2.  Grace Hogsflesh, of Stepney, Widowe, aged 39:  Date: Aprill 12:th 1659]</ref>
+----
+===Fish===
+'''Daily productivity lading fish onto a ship of 200 tonnes'''
+-  "hee knoweth that it is usuall for shipps of that burthen as the ''Peace'' was, & having soe many mariners as shee  had, to take in & lade three hundred Kintalls of ffish & more in a dayes tyme"<ref>[XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: Grove ag:t Wood:  Examination:  William Best, of Corfe, Dorset, Mariner Gunners Mate, of the Peace, aged 22:  Date:  May 3rd, 1659]</ref>
+'''Herring laded at Yarmouth for Marsellis [Marseilles]'''
+-  "at Yarmouth there was a Lading of Herrings put on board her, w:th w:ch she sailed ?to Marsellis and there delivered her said Lading"<ref>[XXX HCA 13/73: Case: Christopher Malyn, Thomas Carret, Bethnel Tynck, George Southerne, George Rogers, Thomas West, ffrancis Rosse, and John Robeck, late Mariners of the Ship the Anne:: Examination: 2.  Joseph Bond: Date: February 26th 1658]</ref>
+'''Pickled herring'''
+- "To the second Interrie This deponent saith and deposeth that the sayd ship the ''Hart'' had att the tyme of the sayd seizure, one hundred and four score Tonnes of pickled herrings on board her.  And saith the sayd shipp and all her sayd lading did att the sayd tyme of seizure belong to severall merchants Inhabitants of Skadam subiects of the sayd States of the united Provinces"<ref>[[MRP: HCA 13/68#head-cbf44c467de680552a5558dbb74a47b9cba0a000|HCA 13/68: Case: The Keepers of the Liberty of England ag:t the ship the Heart of Skadam: Deposition: 1. William Evarson, of Skadam, Holland, Mariner, aged 44: Date: September 26:th 1653]]</ref>
+'''Preparing fish on shoare at Newfoundland and loading a ship with the same'''
+-  " the sayd Grove the Master sent XX of the Mariners aboard on shoare to assiste thereabout And saith that the sayd sixe were gone on shoare to helpe to lade ffish the sayd Thomas Grove the master and this deponent and Robert Grove and other of the Mates did that day take the long boate and therewith XXXXX up and downe to the windewards and came at length neere shoare where Woods and the Mariners that assisted him were at worke about preparing the sayd ffish to goe aboard and having looked on them a while ?turned with the boate XXXX the winde wards againe without assisting in the ladeing of the sayd ffish and after about an howers tyme returned againe to the place where the sayd Woods & those of the shipps company who assisted him were weighing of ffish on shoare, & the sayd Grove went on shoare but what words passed  betweene the sayd Woods & Grove hee knoweth not, but saith hee being alsoe purser knoweth that there were one hundred and twenty kintalls of ffish laden that day aboard the ''Pease'', and saith there were twenty seaven men & boyes belonging to the ''Pease'' most of which were on shoare imployed about the shippes affayres some about helpeing to lade the sayd 120 kintalls of fish & others about other busines but how those who remayned on board were imployed by the Master hee knoweth not"<ref>[XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: Wood ag:t Grove: Examination:  5.  Thomas Yeomans of Wapping, Mariner, late Masters Mate of the Peace, aged 23: Date: March 11th 1658 English Style]</ref>
+'''Refuse ffish'''
+-  "the said Luke Woods did at Newfound Land in Rainy Weather, Lade some ffish onboard y:e said Ship. and did lade some Early in y:e mornings and late at Nights when y:e Dew was on the ground and w:ch hee should not have done, And some of the sd ffish w:ch hee there Laded was Ill Conditioned and refuse ffish at the time of the Lading thereof; w:ch did pjudice y:e rest that was good"<ref>[XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: Grove ag:t Wood:  Answer:  Richard Blake:  Date: Post March 28th, 1659]</ref>
+'''Rotten ffish'''
+-  " hee saith that one M:r Bartlet who was Carpenter of the ship the ''Pease'' hath severall times aboard y:e said Ship told and affirmed to this Depo:t that the fish w:ch was sent & laden aboard y:e said Ship at Newfoundland, y:e Voyage, in question, was sent aboard by the arlate Luke Wood, in wet and rainy Weather, and some of that w:ch hee sent was quite rotten, and good for nothing or to that purpose, and the said Bartlett alsoe told this depo:t that y:e said Rotten fish w:ch y:e said Luke Wood laded on board the said Ship as aforesaid did damage y:e rest, and said that it had been better if the same had bin throwne over board"<ref>[XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: Luke Wood agt Thomas Grove: Examination: i.  John Bourman, of Chatham, Kent, Shipwright, aged 38:  Date:  March 15th 1658]</ref>
+'''Salmon'''
+- "y:e sayd shipp came from and began this her outwards voyage from Stockholme with her p:rsent lading of goods being Iron pitch tarr Copper shott and Salmon...all to be unladen att this port of London whither she was bound and where she now is the foresayd Salmon excepted which is to be transported to Burdeaux and there unladen and delivered to Jan Van Pullen a facto:r for y:e sayd Swedish merchants there resideing."<ref>[[MRP: HCA 13/68#head-7b4f93714010996fac626af356f7c2299b105fa4|HCA 13/68: Case: XXXX: Deposition: Charles Marescoe, of S:t Nicholas Lane, London, Merchant, aged 21: Date: The same day (?1653/54, or 1654]]</ref>
+'''Doe rotten that it fell & broke into peeces'''
+-  "at all the times that the said Ship was receiving and taking in her lading of ffish at
+Newfound Land y:e said Luke Wood had all the mariners of the said Ship (but three or foure.) on shore: and saith that those w:ch were kept on board by y:e said Grove at the severall times of the sending fish on board at Newfound-land were kept to looke to the said Ship and to receive and stowe y:e said ffish on board y:e said Ship, and to Deliver out the Salt from on board the said Ship, And saith that this depo:t (when hee was on shore with y:e said Luke Wood) did see & hear many of the Inhabitants, of Newfoundland laugh & mock at this depo:t & the said Luke Wood and y:e rest of the shipps Crewe y:t were on shore; for being soe many of them on shore to make up and send ffish on board the said Ship; and leaveing their ship with soe few men on board her: And saith that y:e said Luke Wood did send some fish on board y:e said ship in y:e mornings before y:e sunne rysinge and in y:e Evenings when y:e dewe was on y:e Ground, which hee should not have done, and saith that some of the fish w:ch the said Wood sent on board was soe rotten that it fell & broke into peeces, as the same was handed into the said Ship; w:ch said Rotten ffish, and that w:ch was sent on board when the Dewe was on the Ground, did very much prejudice, and damage the other w:ch was laden in the said Ship"<ref>[XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: XXXX:  Examination: 2. Robert Grove, of Wapping, Mariner, aged 50:  Date: Aprill 5:th 1658]</ref>
+----
+===English High Court of Admiralty: procedures===
+'''Adjugement of a prize'''
+-  "To the .13 he saith that in case the says shipp the ''Morning Starr'' shall be adiudged prize he this rendent expecteth benefit thereby according to the office he bore in the ''Advantage frigot''. and according to an Act or Ordinance of parliament made in that behalfe, and not otherwise."<ref>[[MRP: HCA 13/68#head-d4c8b9cff62f06d04b97e7848f01b08b8a1a388c|HCA 13/68: Case: The Keeper of the Liberty etc. vs. the Golden Starr: Deposition: 1. Mark Harrison, of Wapping, Middlesex, Mariner, aged 27: Date: September 22nd 1653]]</ref>
+'''Advocates and Sollicitors of the Admiralty'''
+ADD TEXT
+'''Appeal'''
+ADD TEXT
+- ?Commissioners of appeal in the privy council (existed in 1801, but did this commission exist in mid-C17th?)
+'''Appraisement and sale'''
+ADD TEXT
+'''Condemnation'''
+QUESTION:  In any case in which a ship is condemned, establish how it is condemned by the court (e.g. condemned as a "droit of Admiralty")
+'''Costs and damages'''
+ADD TEXT
+'''Court jurisdiction'''
+-  "he answereth & beleeveth that he is a subiect of this Comon Wealth but not subiect to the Juxon of this Court by reason of this Suite"<ref>XXXX HCA 13/128: XXXX</ref>
+'''Court of the Cinque Ports'''
+ADD TEXT
+'''Expenses'''
+ADD TEXT
+'''Foreign claimants'''
+ADD TEXT
+'''Issuing of a warrant'''
+- "he answereth & beleiveth that y:e sd Edward Peascott Michaell Peascott & Edward Randall have without iust cause arrested him by warr:t out of this Co:rt to answere them in their p?dsed cause of complaint"<ref>XXXX HCA 13/128: XXXX</ref>
+'''Judgement of prize'''
+ADD TEXT
+'''Judges'''
+ADD TEXT
+'''Legal terms'''
+-  "[Practice in 1801] In term-time, the courts at Doctors' Commons with the by-week (only unobserved in the short interval of Easter term) make sessions of five weeks; there are five courts in a week, in which many cases of great length and importance, testimentary, matrimonial, and ecclesiastica, are heard."<ref>[http://play.google.com/books/reader?id=4OIzAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PR24 XXXX, p. xxiv]</ref>
+'''Lord High Admiral'''
+- Lord High Admiral is styled the Lieutenant of the Admiralty Board<ref>[http://play.google.com/books/reader?id=4OIzAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA10, p. 10]</ref>, viewed 21/05/12
+'''Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty'''
+-  Grant of power to the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty is from the sovereign (p. 12)
+-  Officers of the Admiralty are accountable to the Commissioners of the Admiralty for collecting and receiving (p. 12)
+-  The Board of Admiralty is executive, and as trustees of the sovereign, and as an inferior board of revenue in the case of droits, is "always subject to be superseded by the superior authority" (pp. 12-13)
+'''Neutral claimants'''
+ADD TEXT
+'''Prize Act'''
+QUESTION: When wsa the first prize act passed in parliament and how did it substantively impact process and decisions of the High Court of Admiralty?
+- The cruizers act of Queene Anne, 1703<ref>[http://play.google.com/books/reader?id=4OIzAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA16 XXX. p. 16]</ref>
+--Gave the sole property, once forfeiture proven, to the captos, not to the Lord High Admiral (p. 17)
+- "By the American act the  prize offices were suppressed"<ref>[http://play.google.com/books/reader?id=4OIzAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA26, XXX, p. 26]</ref>
+QUESTION: Can a prize of war be distinguished from a prize of forfeiture?
+'''Proctors of the Admiralty'''
+ADD TEXT
+'''Records of the Court'''
+-  "for the ?admidication or release thereof this Rendent referreth himself to the Records of this Court"<ref>[XXXX HCA 13/125: Case: Allegacion on the behalfe of Robert ?Coda: Personal answeres: Captain Samuell St?urton: Date: XXXX]</ref>
+'''Registry of the Court'''
+-  "the said shippe the ''Elsabeth'' did w:thin the time arlate goe forth upon a man of warre voyage and had a Commission from this Court to all or most of the effects articulate And this Rendent went out Captaine and Commander of her and for more certaintie referreth himselfe to the said Commission remaynninge on the Registrie of this Court"<ref>[[MRP: HCA 13/125#head-c403c7c62e1f965e187877df6bfbb20b437b128c|HCA 13/125: Case: Allegacion on the behalfe of Robert ?Coda: Personal answeres: Captain Samuell St?urton: Date: XXXX]]</ref>
+-  "otherwise for his parte hee doth not beleeve hee is bound by lawe by lawe (sic) to answear saveinge hee referreth himselfe to the Registry of this Courte"<ref>XXXX HCA 13/128: XXXX</ref>
+- The Register-Office was reported in 1801 to be "in great confusion"<ref>[http://play.google.com/books/reader?id=4OIzAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA18 XXX, p. 18]</ref>
+-  "in y:e foresaid Letter, there came a Bill of Lading inclosed to this Depo:t for y:e said three pipes of wine subscribed Pieter Bennery sent, and having nowe seene y:e bill of Lading arlate formerly exhibited into the Regry of this Court, hee saith the same is the said Bill of Lading soe receaved by him this Depo:t"<ref>[XXXX HCA 13/73: Case: Clayme of Thomas Cowling for Canary Wines taken in the S:t Laurence Peter: Examination: 1.  Robert Bevin, of London, Merchant, aged 36:  Date: October 11th 1659]</ref>
+'''Sentences of the Court'''
+ADD TEXT
+'''Waiters of the Prize Office'''
+-  "To the 11:th he saith he was not aboard the interrte shipp the ''Golden Starr'' till after said tyme as the ?Wayters for the Prize office came upon her in the behalfe of the State, and by authority of the Com:rs for the Prize Office; And he saith that after the sd Waiters were so aboard he saw the master of the ''Waterhound'' named BLANK IN MANUSCRIPT Grant take out of the ''Golden Starr'' a bag of moneyes of about six hundred peices of 8/8, and saw the Captaine of y:e ''Water hound'' Giles Shelley take out of y:e ''Golden Starr'' a quantity of moneyes in a Bagg, but how much in certaine he knoweth not, and saw likewise Capt MiXX Commander of the ''Advantage frigott'' take out of the sayd ''Golden Starr'', in one or two baggs four hundred and three and twenty peices of eight and 1/2. And beleiveth that severall other parcells of moneyes were taken out of the sayd prize shipp he cannot specify, but beleiveth that all or most of the Company of the ''Advantage frigot'', and of the ''Water hound'' that were aboard the ''Golden Starr'' att the tyme of seizure and afterwards before she came into the River of Thames had and tooke some small quantityes of the sayd moneyes, the values whereof he knoweth not. And saith that some of the Company of y:e sayd ''Advantage'' and ''Waterhound'' but who in pticular he knoweth not tooke out of the ''Golden Starr'' some small Jarrs of oyle and some other things the particulars or values whereof he cannot sett forth."<ref>[[MRP: HCA 13/68#head-d4c8b9cff62f06d04b97e7848f01b08b8a1a388c|HCA 13/68: Case: The Keeper of the Liberty etc. vs. the Golden Starr: Deposition: 1. Mark Harrison, of Wapping, Middlesex, Mariner, aged 27: Date: September 22nd 1653]]</ref>
+----
+===French High Court of Admiralty: procedures===
+'''Restoration of funds'''
+-  "he hath heard & doth beleeve that y:e said ship & all the goods were sold & the money or pt of it deposited in the Court, and afterwards the sd money so deposited was decreed to be delivered or restored as he beleeveth...what costs & charges, & port charges were necessarily expended about the same is not possible for him to knowe, but hee is willing to allow his pporcon of what shall be legally proved but he doth beleeve his Agent did disburse five or six pounds or thereabouts towards the recovery of y:e sd ship & goods or proceed, & the sd M:r did take up from this rendents factor the summe of thirty pounds or thereabouts upon p:etence of fraight whereas there was none, due as he beleeveth w:ch he still detaineth in his hands"<ref>[[MRP: HCA 13/128#head-675122a975b594401e0e4f86b5eccafff312ac29|HCA 13/128: Allegation:  On the behalfe of Thomas Cullinge Jonathan Andrewes & Gifford Bale: Personal answers: Samuell Micoe: Date: June 10th 1657]]</ref>
+----
+===Fraudulent sale of a ship===
+-  " after the said Harris and Powicke had used and imployed the arlate Shippe y:e ''Little George'' by y:e space of twenty monethes & uppwards as they beleeve and had utterly spoyled her for want of furnishinges and fittinge her with such things as they ought to have fitted her with and had sould or otherwise disposed of the said Shippe and her furniture or parte thereof, and on purpose to deceave these respondents of their shippe and freight as they beleeve they tould these responedents the said shipp was leakye and that they had lost her at Cales"<ref>[[MRP: HCA 13/125#head-976ea983d178ec9f1d9446cd7c21cee5ea3b37b1|HCA 13/125 Case: Libell against them on behalfe of John Harris and John Powicke: Personal answers: Edward Bellamye and Thomas Day: Date: XXXX]]</ref>
+----
+===French in London===
+ADD DATA
+----
+===Gambling===
+'''Arrested upon a pretended action of debt arising upon playing at cards'''
+"in y:e moneth of Decemb:r last past, and upon or about y:e 24:th of y:e said moneth new stile, y:e 14:th old stile, the said Del Peino being then psonally present in this City caused this dep:t to be arrested upon a pretended action of debt arising upon playing at cards whereupon this depo:t immediately put in Baile, and afterwards caused the said Del Peino to be arrested, but finding him to be a person of an indigent and desperate fortune, did againe release him."<ref>[[MRP: HCA 13/69#head-c73c8592af59ce0888084ce06e8323f021d26168|HCA 13/69 Case: ? Deposition: Juan Thomas Milute, of Cadiz, Spain, merchant]]</ref>
+----
+===Genoese men of war===
+'''Genoese men of war seized an English ship'''
+-  "the Gunner & an other of her Company  duXXXX ?boy who well speake good English told this deponent & others of the ''Lady ffrigotts'' Company that the Captainne of the ''Sta Cruse'' the better to enable him to seize the ''Lady ffrigott'' and her ladeing had a little before the sizure taken some Mariners & souldiers out of the foresayd two other Genoa men of warr And hee saith most of the Company of the ''Sta Cruse'' were Italians, and as they confessed belonged to Genoa...
+To the 7:th arle hee saith that after the seizure of the ''Lady ffrigott'' & her ladeing severall of the Company of the ''Sta Cruse'' did confesse that they were sett out from Genoa upon a warlike designe a:t the Turk?s & had bin a great while abroad and Could get noe prizes & therefore they had taken a Spanish Commission which was only to last a certayne tyme, which tyme )as they sayd & acknowledged was expired two monethes before they seized the ''Lady ffrigott'' and her ladeing, but sayd alsoe that they were resolved ?although it were expired yet they would take any English shipps they ?would (OR, ?could) meete with This hee knoweth for that hee being Boatswaine of the ''Lady ffrigott'' & seized in her heard severall of the ''Sta Cruse'' her company speake the sayd words./"<ref>[[MRP: HCA 13/73#head-8945bbd3b098cd3ca3d021ae3203b2772200c8a7|HCA 13/73: Case: John Swift John Parker John Harris and Company, Owners of the Shipp the Lady ffrigott vs. Hippolito Centurione of Genoa and others: Deposition: 3.  Gilbert Anckelly, of Debtford, Kent, Mariner, late Boatswaine of the Lady ffrigozz, aged 30 : Date: June 3rd, 1659]]</ref>
+----
+===Grocers===
+'''Merchant and Grocer of St Bartholomew Exchange, London, dealing in currans from the Morea'''
+- "hee saith and deposeth that twenty hundred of ?Nathalago (OR, ?Mathalago) currans  XXXX to and XXXke a XXXXX, and saith that in and during the monethes of November December January and ffebruary last ?Nathalago (OR, ?Mathalago) Currans were worth in this citie and would have yeilded three pounds and tenn shillings per hundred one hundred with another as the ordinary and XXXXX ?price for that XXXX w:ch hee knoweth ?being a ffreeman and a ?G:rocer of ?London and having XXXX used that trade, and thereby being well acquainted with the condition and price or valew of that commoditie"<ref>[[MRP: HCA 13/73#head-473df9fa2ed9980dcc252c820ecb271c7f141f3e|HCA 13/73: Case: John Swift John Parker John Harris and Company, Owners of the Shipp the Lady ffrigott vs. Hippolito Centurione of Genoa and others: Examination: 8.  John Savage, of S:t Bartholomew neere the Royal Exchange, London, Merchant, aged 32 : Date: June 4th, 1659]]</ref>
+----
+===Gunns swords & other Instruments of warr===
+-  "a certayne shipp of about one hundred & fifty tonnes burthen manned for the most part with Italians, and called (as this deponent heard a dutch man who was Ma?ster of her & a dutch man who was gunner  of her & an ?Irishman who was of her company & ?could XXX speake English saye after the seizure of the ''Lady ffrigot'' and her ladeing) the ''Sta Cruse'', whereof (as they sayd) one ffrancisco Stale was Captaine came into Petrao Road with a white flagg on her poope and made asif shee intended peaceably to have Anchored neere the ''Lady ffrigott'' but when shee came neere her the sayd Stale & his Company instead of coming to an Anchor did in a warlike manner with gunns swords & other Instruments of warr...COMPLETE THIS TEXT" '''ADD SOURCE'''
+----
+===Health risks===
+'''Unhealthfullness of the Lisbon to Brazil voyage'''
+-  "the ''Scipio'' had at Lisbon discharged her ladeing brought from Allecant the sayd Thomas Ewans the Master did take upon him a new voyage to be made from Lisbon to Brazeele & thence to returne to Lisbon & having contracted with the freighters for that new voyage acquainted his shipps Company therewith, who not being hyred  for any such voyage were most off ?them unwilling to goe the same & refused to goe the same as being as ?they ?conceived an unlawfull voyage for that thereby they should XXXX the hazard of being taken by the hollanders w:ch were then at ?differences with the Portugueses in whose behalfe that voyage was to be made andalso be reason of the unhealthfullnesse of the voyage it being beyond ?the lyne & to the south latitude about fifteene degrees, whereupon the sayd Ewans seeing the unwillingnesse of the company to goe the sayd voyage to Brazeele did publiquely upon the deck of the ''Scipio'' in p:rsuance of this deponent & his p:rcontsts XXXXXhurst & XXgant & divers others of the sayd shipps company to encourage them the more readily to undergoe the sayd voyage voluntarily promised to advance his XXXXX Companyes wages five shillings in the pound per month from that tyme during the sayd XXXX over & above the wages hee had agreed with ?there for when ?hee shipped at London, and to pay every of them their wages then due till..."<ref>[XXXX HCA 13/73: Case: XXXX: Examination:  3.  James Retallick, of Wapping, Mariner, aged 35:  Date:  March 5th 1658 English Style]</ref>
+----
+===Hurricanes===
+'''Spoyling of crops through Hurricanoes'''
+-  "a little before y:e arrivall of the said ship ''Peace'' at Nevis, the Tobacco plants Indico and Sugar Cane were there at at the other Leeward Islands, spoyled and rooted upp by reason of Hurricanoes w:ch happened there."<ref>[XXXX HCA 13/73: XXX]</ref>
+-  " upon the arrivall of the said ship ''Peace'' at Nevis XXX the Leeward Islands that XXXX found that Hurricanoes and Stormes had spoyled most of the Sugar Canes, Tobaccoe, and Indicoes in those places, and had rooted many of them up, and saith hee alsoe then found many of them up, and saith hee alsoe then found many houses upon y:e said Island w:ch were blowne downe (As this depo:t was there Credibly Informed by many of the Islands) alsoe by the Violence of the said Stormes, and Hurricanoes, And saith that the greater pt of those goods w:ch were not spoyled as aforesaid were laden on board y:e fflemish ships w:ch were then there, And the English themselves w:ch were then. there. (in regard of the Difference betwixt England and Spaine) did Lade their goods, and embarque themselves on board y:e said fflemish ships And saith that one Captaine Thorne, Comander of an English ship, did stay at Nevis and S:t Christophers about three monethes to reaceave in a Lading of goods there but at Length came away from thence for London a great Part dead ffreighted, And y:e XX reason was for that y:e Hurricanoes and stormes as aforesaid had spoiled most of y:e Sugar Canes, Tobaccoe and Indicaoes, And alsoe for that the fflemings tooke away most of ..."<ref>[XXXX HCA 13/73: XXX]</ref>
+----
+===Ill behaviour of ship's master===
+'''Rude and uncivill manner'''
+-  "in his this deponents Judgment the shipp the ''Peace'' her voyage was overthrowne and spoiled by the  evell (sic) behaviour of the sayd Thomas Grove therein the sayd Grove behaving him selfe in that rude and uncivill manner wheresoever hee came during the sayd voyage that such persons as had heard of or sawe hisbehaviour did not care to have anything to doe with him the sayd Grave or the arlate Luke Woods for his sake and therefore diverse of them did forbeare the ladeing of their goods aboard the sayd shipp of this deponents sight (OR, right) & certayne knowledge and such the sayd Groves rude and uncivill behaviour was generall observed and taken notice of by the whole shipps Company and by divers  who had occasion to lade goods aboard the sayd shipp and have dealings with the sayd Luke Woods"<ref>[XXXX HCA 13/73: Case:  Luke Wood x:r ag:t the Peace and ag:t Thomas Grove:  Examination:  3.  Peter Bartlet, of Ratcliff, Shipwright, aged 30:  Date:  January 12th, 1658]</ref>
+'''Stubborne & refractory carriage'''
+-  "the sayd Grove did not only in remote parts beyond the seas behave him selfe in such rude and disobedient manner as is before declared but alsoe after the sayd shipp was returned to Plymouth from the voyage in question the sayd Grove by his stubborne & refractory carriage there and his refuseing to obey the orders of the sayd Luke Woods was an occasion of the sayd shipps stay there a much longer tyme than shee needed to have done by reason that seavrll Merchants who had goods aboard the sayd shipp and which were there to be delivered came aboard to demand their goods, and brought their bills of ladeing and severall tymes demanded them andthe sayd Grove refused to deliver them, and stayed there about tenn dayes whereas hee might have there discharged all the goods hee was there to unlade in three dayes tyme at the most & then might have had the oportunity of a fayer winde to sayle for London which oportunitie the sayd Grove by his sayd refractory carriage lost & the winde by his long stay there coming contrary the sayd shipp could not get there and arrive at London soe soone as otherwise shee might have done if the sayd Grove had behaved him selfe civilly and bin obedient to order as hee ought to have done by a moneths tyme or thereabouts"<ref>[XXXX HCA 13/73: Case:  Luke Wood x:r ag:t the Peace and ag:t Thomas Grove:  Examination:  3.  Peter Bartlet, of Ratcliff, Shipwright, aged 30:  Date:  January 12th, 1658]</ref>
+'''A man of lewde and debauched behaviour'''
+-  "Thomas Grove was a man of lewde and debauched behaviour and therefore they dearst not trust him with their goods or words to that effect for which reason hee beleeveth that the sayd Woods was much damnified by the sayd Groves debauched behaviour and lost much ladeing there which otherwise hee might have had"<ref>[XXXX HCA 13/73: Case:  Luke Wood x:r ag:t the Peace and ag:t Thomas Grove:  Examination:  3.  Peter Bartlet, of Ratcliff, Shipwright, aged 30:  Date:  January 12th, 1658]</ref>
+----
+===In service of a foreign nation===
+'''In service of a foreign nation'''
+-  "hee acquainted his shipps company therewith who were most of them unwilling to goe the same they not being hyred as they sayd to goe any such voyage when they came from London as alsoe because the voyage was to an unhealthyfull Country lyeing  beyond the Lyne about fourteene or fifteene degrees to the South latitude and in service of a foreigne Nation"<ref>[XXXX HCA 13/73: Case: XXXX: Examination: 4.  ffrancis Mould, of Poplar, Stepney, Middlesex, Mariner, aged 64:  Date:  March 7:th 1658 English Style]</ref>
+----
+===Insults made at sea and on land===
+'''Called him old Roague and old Pedler and old Pimpe'''
+-  "the sayd Grove in an outragious manner reviled the sayd Wood and called him old Roague and old Pedler and old Pimpe and other the like disgracefull names and told him the sayd Wood that if hee were not an old roague hee would drubb him And alsoe sayd (speaking to the sayd Woods) yo:u old roague yo:u were in the hold the other day but if ever I see yo:u in hold againe I will ?trice yo:u up with a tackle or hee spake other menaceing speeches to the same effect all which opporobious language & threates and other passages were soe done & spoken on the open deck in p:rsence & heareing of this deponent & the Boatswaine & most of the sayd shipps company"<ref>[[MRP: HCA 13/73#head-761fc1c079262a26423aebf1557358559fe4210d| HCA 13/73: Case: Luke Wood x:r ag:t the Pearce and ag:t Thomas Grove: Examination: 3. Peter Bartlet, of Ratcliff, Shipwright, aged 30: Date: January 12th, 1658]]</ref>
+'''Held upp his bare bumme or breech'''
+-  "the Captaine of the sayd ''Golden Starr'' in stead of showing submission to the authority of this Commonwealth being upon the Coasts of Englands as was demanded of him and is usuall did in a contemptuous manner returne skurrilous and base language and in an unbecoming and skornefull and reproach full way turned downe his breeches, and held upp his bare ?bumme or breech to the sayd Captaine Mill and Company, and waved his Cuttle axe bidding the sayd Captaine Mill Come to Leeward, all which this deponent saw and observed."<ref>[[MRP: HCA 13/68#head-2c290bc7658b707533f0ef48745cbac5db7f2231|HCA 13/68: Case: The Keeper of the Liberty etc. vs. the Golden Starr:  3. Thomas Keyes, of Deptford, Kent, Mariner, late Quarter Masters Mate of the Advantage Frigot: Date: October 3rd 1653]]</ref>
+'''Opprobious language'''
+- "the sayd Grove there fell a rayleing against the arlate Edward Crispe one of the Owners of & Adventurers of the sayd shipp the sayd voyage, and called the sayd Crispe dogg and roague and the like opprobrious language and saith they should suffer all for him the sayd Crispe or to that effect whereupon the sayd Woods endeavoured to perswade the sayd Grove to be quiett and for XXX such hisXXill language and telling him that though hee the sayd Grove did not affect the sayd Crispe, must therefore all who avere interested in the sayd shipp the sayd voyage suffer, or words to that effect, whXXXXX the sayd Grove replyed and sayd yes by ?God they should all farre the worse for him, (meaning the sayd Crispe) which words were spoken in p:rsence of this deponent and the sayd Yeomans, and Edward Spurling one of the sayd Shipps Company"<ref>[Case: Grove ag:t Wood:  Examination:  William Best, of Corfe, Dorset, Mariner Gunners Mate, of the Peace, aged 22:  Date:  May 3rd, 1659 HCA 13/73 part Two: XXX]</ref>
+'''Sayd hee was a roague and a dogg'''
+-  "the sayd Grove before his goeing on shoare sayd before most of the sayd shipps Company that whosoever of them did ask any thing for Crispe (meaning the arlate Edward Crispe one of the Owners & Advenurers in the sayd shipp the voyage in question) hee would ?mallise or ?hate them during the voyage, or words to that effect & rayled against the sayd Crispe & sayd hee was a roague and a dogg & other the like expresonsfull towards ?him"<ref>[[MRP: HCA 13/73#head-761fc1c079262a26423aebf1557358559fe4210d|HCA 13/73: Case:  Luke Wood x:r ag:t the ''Pearce '' and ag:t Thomas Grove:  Examination:  3.  Peter Bartlet, of Ratcliff, Shipwright, aged 30:  Date:  January 12th, 1658]]</ref>
+'''Yong Roague; and other reproachfull names'''
+-  "hee saith the said Luke Wood did all the said Voyage , give the said Grove as bad words as the said Grove gave or spake to or against the said Wood,  and y:e said Wood oftentimes in this depo:ts hearing did call the said Grove Yong Rogue; and other reproachfull names and y:e said Wood told this depo:t that if it had not nin for him the said Wood y:e said Grove had never come in to y:e said Ship as M:r or to that effect, w:ch said Woods did disparidge the said Grove, and was as he saith a great meanes to make his Company or some of them slight him./.:<ref>[XXX HCA 13/73: XXX]</ref>
+----
+===Insurance===
+'''Discharge of an insurance made on a single voyage following completion'''
+- "this rendent haveing notice and intelligence that the said shipp was bound from Marcelles to Scanderoone & soe to Marcelles againe did att the imptantie and desire of M:r Gilbert Moorewood, and some other of  her Owners and the said Cravens mother cause an Assurance for the said voyage onlie and noe longer to be made uppon the said shipp to the value of ?700:li and not above as he beleeveth the Premio whereof this rendent beleeveth the said Cravens mother paid w:ch voyage being ended and the said shipp comeinge safe to Marcelles againe the same was discharged, and voyded"<ref>[XXX HCA 13/125: XXX]</ref>
+----
+===Irish in Amsterdam===
+-  "this Depo:t well knoweth the arlate John Tilly Merchant residing at Amsterdam and soe hath done for theise twenty yeeres last or thereabouts, during all w:ch space y:e said John Tilly hath lived at Amsterdam, in Holland.  and ?Dover here in England, And saith hee the said Tilly lived at Amsterdam as a Merchant Stranger, And is a Subject of this Comonwealth of England; And is Generally and Commonly accompted an Irish-man borne; and soe this Depo:t verily beleeveth hee is, And saith that hee this depo:t well knowe the said John Tilley ?is, ffather and Mother, who were both Commonly accomted Natives of Ireland; and spoke both of them y:e Irish Language, And knowe y:e said John Tylly, first living at Dover, where this Depo:t lived neere the house where y:e sd Tilly there lived for many yeeres together, and saith the said Tilly About 18 or 19 yeeres since went two Voyages with this Depo:t: from Dover and this Depo:t hath bin offentimes at the house of the said John Tilly in Amsterdam, and thereby knoweth y:e premisses"<ref>[XXX HCA 13/125: Case: XXXX:  Examination:  9:ns Jan de Vos of London Mariner, M:r of the ship the ffox aged 53 yeares:  Date:  Aprill 21st, 1659]</ref>
+----
+===Irish language===
+'''Father and mother spoke the Irish language'''
+-  " hee this depo:t well knowe the said John Tilley ?is, ffather and Mother, who were both Commonly accomted Natives of Ireland; and spoke both of them y:e Irish Language"<ref>[XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: XXXX:  Examination:  9:ns Jan de Vos of London Mariner, M:r of the ship the ''ffox'' aged 53 yeares:  Date:  Aprill 21st, 1659]</ref>
+'''Monolingual in Irish language'''
+-  "shee this Depo:t hath well knowne y:e arlate John Tilly for about twenty yeeres last, and the said John Tilly for about for about Nine or Tenne yeeres last hath lived and resided at Amsterdam as
+a merchant Stranger, and for about tenne yeeres bifore (sic), the said Tilly lived at Dover here in England, where this Depo:t first knewe him, and there the said Tilly his Mother lived with the said Tilly for many yeeres who was an Irish woman: & Could speake noe other Language than Irish"<ref>[XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: XXXX:  Examination: 10. Mare de Vos, wife of Jan de Vos, aged 43:  Date: Aprill 21st, 1659]</ref>
+----
+===Irish mariners===
+ADD TEXT
+----
+===Italian mariners on English ships===
+'''One Italian in an otherwise English crew'''
+-  "all the said Mariners that served in the said ship the Voyage [on the ''Lisbone ffrigott'', from Ligorne to Canary Islands to Madeira to Barbary Coast to Madeira and back to London] in question, were English men, and subjects of the said Comonwealth (except one Carole Tye who was an Italian), w:ch said mariners together with y:e Master of  the said ship, and the said Tye, Consisted and were Eleaven men and a boy, and not more.  This hee knoweth for y:t hee went out Mate of the said ship, the Voyage in question, and soe Continued untill, and after her discharge here at this Port"<ref>[XXX HCA 13/73 Part One: Case: XXXX:  Examination: 3. Thomas Wilkinson, of Wapping, Stepney, Middlesex, Mariner, late Master's Mate of the Lixon ffrigot, aged 30 yeeres:  Date:  February 10:th, 1658]</ref>
+----
+===Italians in London===
+ADD DATA
+----
+===Joint Account===
+'''Tradeing voyage from London and Amsterdam to Spanish West Indies'''
+-  "hee beleeveth the Outward Cargoe was bought and Provided upon y:e Joint Account of the Claime:rs and each of them at the returne of the ship was to have according to the Share hee advanced in y:e sd outward Cargoe"<ref>[XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: ffernandez and others touching the Hope: Examination: 8.  Manuel de Fonseca, of London, Merchant, aged 21:  Date: Aprill 20th, 1659]</ref>
+----
+===Lading markes===
+'''Laden above her Lading markes w:ch is not usuall'''
+-  "?his said Ship was fully laden, And saith that y:e foresd Salt w:ch the said Grove as aforesd refused to take on board, could not without p:riudice have bin taken on board her. & saith the said Ship was laden above her Lading markes w:ch is not usuall, specially upon dangerous Coasts, & Saith shee then drew about 23 foot & XX inches a Sterne and about Eleaven foote and a halfe a head, And had the saud Grove taken in the foresaid two Boates Lading of Salt. w:ch the sd Grove refused to take on board. it would have much endangered the ship and Lading, & Company in her, in regard that those parts were then Stormy"<ref>[XXX HCA 13/73: Case: Grove ag:t Wood:  Answer:  Richard Blake:  Date: Post March 28th, 1659]</ref>
+'''Not laden above her ladeing marke'''
+-  "hee knoweth not whether it bee usuall to lade shipps above their ladeing marke, but well knoweth that the shipp ''Peace'' the tyme Interrogate was not laden above her ladeing marke, and could very well have receaved more salt aboard her when shee was in ffrance than shee there receaved without any preiudice or danger to the sayd shipp or her ladeing as hee beleeveth"<ref>[XXX HCA 13/73: Case: Grove ag:t Wood:  Examination:  William Best, of Corfe, Dorset, Mariner Gunners Mate, of the Peace, aged 22:  Date:  May 3rd, 1659]</ref>
+'''Shee was laden about three Inches above her Lading marke.'''
+-  "from Pendennis Castle the said Grove sailed the said Ship to the River of Nants where shee tooke in the Lading of Salt and saith the said Grove did not refuse to receive or take on board the said Ship, any salt that was sent to the said Ship, untill such time as the said Ship was fully laden, and soe full that shee could not wuth safety beare more, because shee drew about thirteene ffoote water at her Sterne, and about Eleaven foot and galfe at her head, And saith shee was laden about three Inches above her Lading marke. w:ch is not usually done, neither ought shee to be laden above her Loading marke."<ref>[XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: XXXX:  Examination: 2. Robert Grove, of Wapping, Mariner, aged 50:  Date: Aprill 5:th 1658]</ref>
+----
+===Languages spoken by ships crews===
+'''Dutch language'''
+-  " the said John Maetsuijker the Generall of the said Dutch East India Company at Battavia Did (upon or about the 11:th
+day of December 1657) at Battavia give this Depo:t writing in the Dutch Language subscribed w:th his owne hand. signifying. the goode Carriage, and dilligence of this Depo:t And having now sene the third schedule annexed to the said Allon hee saith the same was and is the said Originall writing soe Given to this Depo:t and by the sd Generall & XXXXX this Deps saw the said ?Joan Mastsing subscribe the same"<ref>[XXX  HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: S:r John Dethick Knight, Edward Bolle, John Bancks Richard ffoord, Edward Mico, William ?Pretman and Company, concerning the Bantam ffrigott: Deposition: 4. Thomas Newman, of Mile End, Stepney, Merchant, late Supra cargo of the Bantam ffrigott, aged 43: Date: Aprill 16th 1658]</ref>
+'''Dutchmen and Irishman who spoke good English'''
+-  "all or the greatest part of the sayd shipps company that made the sayd seizure were Italians, except one dutch man who was Master XXXXX & an other dutchman that was gunner of her, & an Irish man who was one of her Company, and hee further saith that after the sayd seizure the sayd two dutch men & Irish man (who could & did speake all XXXX of them good English)..."<ref>[[MRP: HCA 13/73#head-6dcf5b8b811454f886c6971a51aed8a72e650965| HCA 13/73: Case: John Swift John Parker John Harris and Company, Owners of the Shipp the Lady ffrigott vs. Hippolito Centurione of Genoa and others: Deposition: 5.  John Gates, of Debtford, Kent, Ship Wright, one of the Carpenters of the Lady ffrigott, aged 18 : Date: June 4th, 1659]]</ref>
+'''Molaine language'''
+- " the said Antonio van Voozt then told this Depo;t that if hee did not dept from thence with the said ship without further trading ?There, hee would forthwith force this depo:t and y:e sd Ship and Company thereof to Dept thence; or to that effect, All w:ch words and XXXions passed betweene this Depo:t & y:e sd Van Voozt on board On board the sd Turtle Dove in the ?Molaine and English Language but w:th Languages the said Van Voozt, and alsoe this Depo:t well spake & understood and saith that one Kaleb ?Kime Mate of the Bantam heard some of the said words"<ref>[XXX  HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: S:r John Dethick Knight, Edward Bolle, John Bancks Richard ffoord, Edward Mico, William ?Pretman and Company, concerning the Bantam ffrigott: Deposition: 4. Thomas Newman, of Mile End, Stepney, Merchant, late Supra cargo of the Bantam ffrigott, aged 43: Date: Aprill 16th 1658]</ref>
+----
+===Laws & Customs===
+'''Lawes and Customes of the River of Thames'''
+- "hee saith that the said Anchor did lye in as Convenient a birth for Ships to ride in as any in the River and M:r of Ships doe not use to cast their Anchor in such places. neither ought they soe to doe by the Lawes and Customes of the River of Thames, but are p:hibited soe to doe by the said Lawes & Customes And saith that by the said Lawes & Customes. (time out of minde) M:rs of Ships ought not to lett their Ancho:r lye above one Tide without buoys and in case they left them by longer without boyes. they are Liable to pay what dammage shall come thereby. w:ch hee knoweth having bin a Mariner for these 34 yeeres last or therabouts, and frequanting the River of Thames,"<ref>[XXX  HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case:  Clarke ag:t Scattergood:  Examination:  2.  Robert Hercules, of Ratcliffe, Mariner, aged 40:  Date:  October 27th 1659]</ref>
+-----
+===London docks===
+'''Billingsgate dock'''
+-  "about the time arlate the shipp the ''Hopewell'' came and arrived at Billingsgate docke arlate"<ref>[XXXX  HCA 13/125: XXXX]</ref>
+'''Blackwall'''
+-  "hee last sawe the ''Consent'' about a weeke since lyeing in S:t Saviours docke And saith hee sawe the ''Phoenix'' last about two monthes since layeing at or neere Blackwall"<ref>[XXXX  HCA 13/73 Part One: Case: XXXX ag:t Church: Examination: 5. Thomas Gould, of Redriff, Surrey, Merchant, aged 39:  Date: XXXX]</ref>
+'''S:t Saviours docke'''
+-  "hee last sawe the ''Consent'' about a weeke since lyeing in S:t Saviours docke And saith hee sawe the ''Phoenix'' last about two monthes since layeing at or neere Blackwall"<ref>[XXXX  HCA 13/73 Part One: Case: XXXX ag:t Church: Examination: 5. Thomas Gould, of Redriff, Surrey, Merchant, aged 39:  Date: XXXX]</ref>
+'''Wapping dock'''
+-  " in or about the beginning of the moneth of August 1658, the said ship ''Warewell'' arived in the River of Thames with her Lading of Coles.  and came to an Anchor a little belowe or against Wapping dock, and there moored in a very good and Convenient birth, where ships doe usually ryde at Anchor, and there rid in safety one floud and two Ebbs, during w:ch time there was noe appearance of any Ancho:r or buoy neere unto the place where the said ship was moored The premises hee deposeth for that hee this Depo:t belonged the said time to the ''James'' of London w:ch then came up y:e River the Tide before the ''Warewell'' came up, and moored a little above the ''Warewell'', and this Depo:t did see the said ship y:e ''Warewell''. take up her birth in y:e foresaid place, and tooke notice of her said mooring & ryding as aforesaid:...
+...after y:e said Ship y:e ''Warewell'' had layne moored in y:e place aforesaid for the space of One ffloud and two Ebbs.  shee happened to be bilged upon an Anchor w;ch lay within the said ships birthe w:ch had not then any boy fastned to it, and saith that soo soone as y:e said ship y:e ''Warewell'' was preceived to be bilged by her not XXXXing in the River, this Depo:t and severall other Mariner:rs belonging to other ships that Rid there went p:rsently on board her, and found her then to have foure fooote water in her hold.  And saith that  this Depo:t & y:e said other mariners & alsoe the ''Warewells'' Company, did Labo:r very hard and used their best Endeavo:rs to XXXXX the said ship ashore, and  to that end did pumpe her , and heave out about three Lighters of Coles: and then by their greate Labo:rs and endeavo:r go her some what neerer to the shore, and then heaved about another Lighter of Coales. out of her.  and did all that they could possibly doe to p:rvent further dammages that might have happened to the said Ship and Coles by reason of her said bilging on y:e said Anchor"<ref>[XXX HCA 13/73:Case: Clarke ag:t Scattergood:  Examination:  2.  Robert Hercules, of Ratcliffe, Mariner, aged 40:  Date:  October 27th 1659]</ref>
+----
+===Long term merchant residents overseas===
+-  "hee [Robert Bevin, of London, merchant] saith hee is of the age of 36 yeeres or thereabouts and hath knowne y:e Said Cowling for y:e time aforesaid.  but knoweth not his ffather or mother and hath bin Credibly informed that the said Cowling was borne at or neere Rippon in Yorkeshire...
+the said Cowling hath lived at the Canaryes for all the time of this Depo:ts Knowledge of him, but knoweth not when hee went first thither, And saith hee hath, not bin in England since this Depo:ts Knowledge of him, that hee knoweth  of, And saith y:e said Cowling is a Bachelo:r and payes Customs , for his goods, as other merchant Strange:rs doe; but no ?Tapes or Contribucons"<ref>[XXX HCA 13/73: Case: Clayme of Thomas Cowling for Canary Wines taken in the S:t Laurence Peter: Examination: 1.  Robert Bevin, of London, Merchant, aged 36:  Date: October 11th 1659]</ref>
+----
+===Market glut & dearth===
+'''Glut in Nevis'''
+-  "y:e said Ship arrived at  Nevis on the Eighth of November 1657: and there lay about four or five weekes before the said Wood, sent any fish or gods. to S:t Christophers: and in that time there arrived att the ?sd Islands severall vessells laden with fish, and other Comodityes w:ch did much glut the market there; and thereby did hinder y:e Sale of the ffish brought in the ''Peace''  and saith that when the ''Peace'' arived at Nevis there was (as this depo:t was informed by the Islanders great want of ffish, and then as hee beleeveth the said Wood might have had a good market for it
+and saith that at y:e first, comming of the said shipp y:e ''Pearce'' to Nevis y:e said Wood sold his fish after y:e rate of a pound of fish, for a pound of Sugar, and saith that Nevis Sugar is accounted better than Barnadoes Sugar"<ref>[XXX HCA 13/73: Case: Wood ag:t Grove: Examination:  5. Thomas Yeomans of Wapping, Mariner, late Masters Mate of the Peace, aged 23: Date: March 11th 1658 English Style]</ref>
+'''The market was at Barbadoes very bad and dead'''
+-  "the said Luke Woods order the said Grove when hee had missed the Barbadoes to saile to Martinice and soe to Nevis, & y:e sd Grove did soe accordingly, And after y:e sd Ship had bin at Nevis about a Moneth or six weekes. y:e said Thomas Grove was very Earnest to goe to the Barbadoes, and y:e said Wood Consented thereunto and caused Noates to be set up in the remarkable places in Nevis and S:t Christophers that the ship the ''Peace'' was goeing to the Barbadoes, but when y:e Ship was ready, and Grove willing to goe the said Woods refused to goe to the Barbadoes, and would not suffer the said Grove to goe; for that (as the said Wood said) the market was at Barbadoes very bad and dead, & sugar there very ?scarced"<ref>[XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: Grove ag:t Wood:  Answer:  Richard Blake:  Date: Post March 28th, 1659]</ref>
+----
+===Mariners' houses===
+'''House in Stepney'''
+-  "M:rs Crafford well knowes this depo:t Thomas Hale, Mariner, Mariner, former Boatswaine and Master's mate on the ''Elizabeth and Mary'' be one of y:e sd Ships Company y:e voyage in question. and came to him three yeeres since to his house at Stepney about this busines"<ref>[XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: William Craford and Anne his wife, Executors of Andrew Hill ag:t the Elizabeth & Mary and others:  Examination:  Thomas Hale, of Stepney, Mariner, aged 45:  Date: March 29th, 1659]</ref>
+----
+===Mariners' skills===
+'''Able Master of a ship'''
+-  "for about three yeeres last hee hath sailed in y:e said ship ''Peace'' with the said Thomas Grove [Master of the ''Peace''], and thereby Knoweth. that hee is an able skillfull, and Experienced Seaman, & soe Comonly accounted and hath as hee hath heard used y:e Sea for a long time"<ref>[XXX HCA 13/73: XXX]</ref>
+'''Literacy'''
+-  "the foresaid William Tizard [One of the mates onboard the ''Peace''] Cannot write nor read, & had onely one Instrm:t onboard w:ch was a forestaffe"<ref>[XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: Grove ag:t Wood:  Answer:  Richard Blake:  Date: Post March 28th, 1659]</ref>
+----
+===Masters and Commanders===
+'''Promotion to Master after twelve years at sea'''
+-  "hee hath used the sea for about Eighteene yeeres last, & about six yeeres last hath bin a Master of a ship; And saith hee knoweth not what heis worth"<ref>[XXX HCA 13/73: XXX]</ref>
+----
+===Merchants' houses===
+'''Houses in Dover and Amsterdam'''
+-  "The premisses shee deposeth for that she Lived at Dover. neere to the house whereof the said John Tilly there lived for y:e space of about tenne Yeeres, and hath alsoe Very often bin at the house where y:e sd John Tilly lived at Amsterdam"<ref>[XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: XXXX:  Examination: 10. Mare de Vos, wife of Jan de Vos, aged 43:  Date: Aprill 21st, 1659]</ref>
+----
+===Navigational errors===
+'''Could not gain the latitude of the Island of Barbadoes'''
+-  "by meanes of Contrary windes, and Calmes, and Hurricanoes (w:ch were very frequent then there insoemuch that neither the said Grove nor this depo:t nor y:e other mates on board her could gaine the Latitude) The said ship did misse the Island of the Barbadoes, And not by the Willfullnes Ignorance or Carlessnes of the said Thomas Grove; And after the said Grove did perceive that the said Ship had missed the Barbadoes, hee told the said Wood (in the presence of this depo:t and others of the said Ships Company) that hee would beate it up againe (meaning the Barbadoes) and the said Grove did endeavour to saile to the Barbadoes, and hee haveing spent about Eighteene houres thereabout, (after they perceived that they had missed it,) The said Luke Wood, in this depo:ts presence gave the said Grove speciall order to saile the said ship to Martini?ce, and from thence to Mevis, w:ch the said Grove accordingly did; And saith that hee verily beleeveth that the said Grove would have Got to the Barbadoes with the said Ship, in (about) tenne Dayes of time, after hee perceived it was missed, if the said Wood would have sufferred him soe to doe, and not have ordered him to leave off his Endeavouring and saile to Martinice & soe to Mevis, And saith that all the Voyage from Newfoundland towards the Barbadoes the said Thomas Grove did use, and doe his uttmost endeavo:r in sailing y:e said Shipp directly for the Barbadoes, and did ...."<ref>[XXX HCA 13/73: XXX]</ref>
+'''Disagreement about position of ship after hurricanes and contrary winds'''
+-  "the said Ship in her passing from Newfound:d towards the Barbadoes did meet with many Hurricanoes Gal?wes , and Contrary winds, And saith that about three dayes before the said ship arrived at Sta Lasia. aforesyd the said Grove Asked this depo:t (who was one of his Mates how farr they were to windward of the Barbadoes. by his Account, to w:ch hee answered, that by his account they were about 130 Leagues to the windward of the Barbadoes and y:e said Grove alsoe asked y:e Interrate Roger Grove and y:e Interrate William Tizard to the effect aforesaid, and y:e sd Grove made answer that hee was by his account about 140 Leages to windward of the Barbadoes: and y:e said Tizard said y:t by his account hee was about 100 Leagues to Windward of the Barbadoes or to that effect, and y:e said Thomas Grove y:e M:r of the said Ship said y:t by his account heee was above 100 Leagued to Windward of the Barbadoes: And further saith that y:e said William Tizard (who was shipped Cheife mate of the said Ship y:e said Voyage by y:e sd Wood) was and is an illiterate and unskillfull pson, and one that cannot write his name ans was not Capable of his said Office or place; and had noe Instrum:ts on board y:e said ship to doe and performe his said place, but a fewe ?Staffs and saith that hee beleeveth the reason of the said Shipsmissing the Barbadoes y:e said Voyage was occasioned and came by the said Hurricanes; and XXXXX, and Contrary winds"<ref>[XXX HCA 13/73: XXX]</ref>
+'''Hee did advise the Master Thomas Grove to keepe a more Easterly course'''
+-  "the arlate Thomas Grove was from Newfound land bound directly for the Barbados, as by the bill of ladeing doth an may appeare and saith that hee hath heard the arlate Robert Grove one of the Mates of the ''Pease'' who had formerly bin at the Barbados, saye that hee did advise the Master Thomas Grove to keepe a more Easterly course than hee did & that the sayd Thomas thereupon answered him the sayd Robert Grove & sayd hee should not ?watch him to finde the Barbados for he could tell well enough here to dinde it though hee had not bin there yet, and soe the sayd Thomas Grove holding on his course did not of this deponents sight and knowledge come with his shipp into the ?due latitude for the Barbados but in steade of gaining the Barbados made the Islands of S:t Lusea and upon the eigth day of November 1657 arrived with the ''Pease'' at ?Nevis"<ref>[XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: Wood ag:t Grove: Examination:  5. Thomas Yeomans of Wapping, Mariner, late Masters Mate of the Peace, aged 23: Date: March 11th 1658 English Style]</ref>
+'''Not by Willfullnes Ignorance or Carlessnes'''
+-  " this depo:t came on board y:e said Ship y:e ''Peace'' at Plymouth y:e sd Voyage and came from Plymouth in her to this Port, and saith aboard y:e sd ship hee was familiarly acquainted with y:e said Bartlett; And this Depo:t and the said Bartlet having discourse together about y:e former pt of Voyage in question, The said Bartlett told this Depo:t , that hee was Confident that M:r Grove did not misse the Barbadoes, through his inability, and this depo:t asking hom whether hee did it willfully? for if hee was able, what is the reason he missed it? (To w:ch the said Bartlett made answer, that for my part I cannot charge him with any such thing; for y:e Condition of the weather was soe bad that the ablestman whatsoever might then have missed the Barbadoes. or to that effect"<ref>[XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: Luke Wood agt Thomas Grove: Examination: i.  John Bourman, of Chatham, Kent, Shipwright, aged 38:  Date:  March 15th 1658]</ref>
+'''Putting y:e helme a starboard when they should have put it a port'''
+-  "the ''Abigail'' be suncke in y:e sea, the same happened and came ?meerely by y:e fault & negligence of y:e said Lowezick and Company or some of them in Coming up soe fast as aforesd and in putting y:e ?helme a starboard when they should have put it a port, and not by any fault or negligence whatsoever in y:e said Hall or any of his Company"<ref>[XXX HCA 13/73 Part One: Case: Sorrell con. Hall:  Examination:  11.  William Wood, of Upper Shadwell, Stepney, Mariner, aged 27:  Date:  February 9th 1658]</ref>
+'''Ships frequently miss the Barbadoes'''
+-  "Ships doe usually misse the Island of Barbadoes, by reason of Greate Currants. and foule and Thicke weather w:ch often times happens in these parts"<ref>[XXX HCA 13/73: Case: Wood ag:t Grove: Examination: 4. Captain Thomas Thorne, of S:t Catherines XXXX, Mariner, aged 34: Date: June 18th, 1659]</ref>
+----
+===Neutral carriers===
+ADD TEXT
+----
+===Nevis===
+'''Plantations damaged by hurricanes'''
+-  "hee this Depo:t on or about the first day of January 1657: arrived at Nevis where hee ?found that y:e Hurricanes had spoiled y:e plantaccons ?there..."<ref>[[MRP: HCA 13/73#head-672e4aa5b619bd5a0ed880706fb5ff72f2a5747c|HCA 13/73: Case: Wood ag:t Grove: Examination: 4.  Captain Thomas Thorne, of S:t Catherines XXXX, Mariner, aged 34: Date: June 18th, 1659]]</ref>
+----
+===New England===
+'''A New England man'''
+-  "the arlate John BoleX a new England man"<ref>[XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: Wood ag:t Grove: Examination:  5.  Thomas Yeomans of Wapping, Mariner, late Masters Mate of the Peace, aged 23: Date: March 11th 1658 English Style]</ref>
+----
+===Packers and packing of goods===
+'''Packer for a Canary wine importer'''
+- "The premisses hee  deposeth being y:e sd producents packer, and hathe as hee beleeveth packed goods at severall times for y:e sd producent to the vallue of above twenty Thousand pounds"<ref>[[MRP: HCA 13/73#head-7afb365c1d24c876f38db4951503907d0bc3217e| HCA 13/73: Case: XXXX: Examination: David Lloyd, Citizen & Cloatheworker, of London, aged 56:  Date: March 8th 1658 (59)]]</ref>
+----
+===Payment of ransom===
+'''Ransom paid to Tripoly'''
+-  "this rendent & his sd ship & ladeing were taken by three Tripoly men of warr, & carried to Tripoly & XXX XXXX ship & lading all lost, & this rendent & his Company made prisoners as he beleeveth, where this rendent continued by the space of Three moneths & ?od dayes, & then was ransomed w:ch cost him ?800. dollars as he beleeves, & this rendent beleeveth that all the rest of the sd Comp:ie who are liveing except Edward ?Paull  are there yet in captivity"<ref>[[MRP: HCA 13/128#head-727068f18cfef4652fd5211886efa6c5543e24b2|HCA 13/128: Case: Allegacon on the behalfe of Edward Paull & others: Personal answeres: William Wilmott: Date: XXXX]]</ref>
+----
+===Perception of risk===
+ADD TEXT
+----
+===Petrao Road===
+-  "the sayd shipp ?y:e ''Lady ffrigott'' was in the moneths & tyme arlate taken to freight by Alderman Andrew Riccard & Company for a tradeing voyage from London to  ?Petrao and other pts beyond the Seas to lade Currans & other goods for their Account & bring the same for London & there deliver them to them or their Agents In order whereto the sayd shipp hee saith did in the moneths & tyme arlate safely arive in Petrao roade where and at Ma?thaligo the Agents of the sayd Alderman Riccard & Company laded one hundred & sixty tonnes of Currans of the growth of Mathalago:s and Petrao ad divers other goods & money for their use and Accompt to be transported for London & there delivered to them or their Agents for their use"<ref>[[MRP: HCA 13/73#head-6dcf5b8b811454f886c6971a51aed8a72e650965|HCA 13/73: Case: John Swift John Parker John Harris and Company, Owners of the Shipp the Lady ffrigott vs. Hippolito Centurione of Genoa and others: Deposition: 5.  John Gates, of Debtford, Kent, Ship Wright, one of the Carpenters of the Lady ffrigott, aged 18 : Date: June 4th, 1659]]</ref>
+----
+===Plague===
+'''Ship shunned because came from Italy where plague was prevalent'''
+-  "after hee the said Tye had bin ashore [at the port of Oratava in the Canary Islands] about five houres, the said Ketcher sent foure of his Company in his boate to shore to knowe whether the said Tye had gott any Prattick for the said Ship, and upon his Coming aboard hee told the said Ketcher in the Presence of the Deck of the said Ship, that the Spaniards on shore would not upon any meanes let them have Prattick for their said Ship there, in regard shee came from Italy, where the plague then was or verie lately before had bin, and said that they would not soe much as lett him goe ashore to goe up to the Towne of Oratava, because hee was an Italian and Came from Italy.  but spake and talked to him, upon a Rock where the said Dutch Boate set him, or to that Effect"<ref>[XXX HCA 13/73 Part One: Case: XXXX:  Examination: 3. Thomas Wilkinson, of Wapping, Stepney, Middlesex, Mariner, late Master's Mate of the Lixon ffrigot, aged 30 yeeres:  Date:  February 10:th, 1658]</ref>
+----
+===Port charges===
+ADD TEXT
+----
+===Port Time Sources===
+-  Unlading & Relading time in Lisbon port, 165X
+----
+===Portuguese in London===
+ADD DATA
+----
+===Probability, likelihood, & contingency===
+'''Probabilty of a ship arriving if another event had not taken place'''
+-  "the shipp the ''Lady frigot'' allegate and the said shipp the ''VirginX frigat'' were designed and intended to come together in company to this port, to w:ch purpose the ''Lady frigot'' was intended to come from Morea to Zante and thence to come along with the ''VirginXX'' w:ch if shee had done, and that the ''VirginX'', XXXX had not XXXXXX, the said shipp the ''Lady frigot'' with her lading allegate and in all probabilitie arrived here in ffebruary last as the ''XXX frigot'' did."<ref>[[MRP: HCA 13/73#head-cf5f860abbc80dd7ac687905ebd30cf9a3110501| HCA 13/73: Case: John Swift John Parker John Harris and Company, Owners of the Shipp the Lady ffrigott vs. Hippolito Centurione of Genoa and others: Deposition: 7.  William Bowtell, of London, Merchant, aged 25 : Date: June 8th, 1659]]</ref>
+'''Likelihood of a contingent event'''
+-  "had the said Ketcher sent his boate and foure of his Company, in it on shore at such time as the said Spanish Vessells came as aforesaid they would in all likelihood have taken the said Ship the ''Lisbone ffrigot'' for want of men And further hee cannot depose"<ref>[XXX  HCA 13/73 Part One: Case: Greene, PXXX and others ag:t Ketcher and others:  Examination:  1.  Richard Rolfe, of Southampton, but lodging at Horsey Downe, Mariner, late Boatswaine of Lisbone ffrigot, aged 23]</ref>
+----
+===Problems of navigating to Barbadoes===
+'''Great currents & foul weather'''
+-  "hee hath used y:e Barbadoes XXXXX of a ship for about six yeeres last. and thereby knoweth that Ships doe usually misse the Island of Barbadoes, by reason of Greate Currants. and foule and Thicke weather w:ch often times happens in these parts"<ref>[[MRP: HCA 13/73#head-672e4aa5b619bd5a0ed880706fb5ff72f2a5747c| HCA 13/73: Case: Wood ag:t Grove: Examination: 4.  Captain Thomas Thorne, of S:t Catherines XXXX, Mariner, aged 34: Date: June 18th, 1659]]</ref>
+----
+===Profitability of voyages===
+'''Profits could vary significantly between consecutive voyages made by the same ship'''
+- "he answeareth and beleeveth that the voyage from hence to Newfoundland and soe to Mallaga and  hence to London the said shipp cleered in the whole shipp 105:li & not above as he beleeveth, and in the next voyage from hence to Mallaga, & home againe 107:li & not above as he beleeveth 14:li whereof more than his share & Randall Crewe receaved of under M:r Roydeon and for the voyage in the service of of the State the said shipp iXXXX XXX had beene XXX ?did cleere betwixt eight and nine hundred poundes about 500:li whereof is still unpaid and the remainder beinge about 400:li and Daniel Bright one of the Owners of the said shipp receaved & paid to everie Owner as he beleeveth theire XXXXX XX shares thereof And for the last voyage from hence to Barcellona and then to Marselles and soe to Barbary  and Marcelles againe this rendent beleeveth there was losse uppon the said voyage about 440. or 450:li by reason the said shipp was imbargoed att Marcelles by the space of sixe monthes the Plague beinge then aboard her" (HCA 13/125 Box Two)
+'''Knock on effects of a merchant's failure on the profitability if a voyage through failure to pay freight'''
+- "after such tyme as the arlate Craven came into the said shipp the ''Jeremie'' he did make onlie one voyage w:ch was from Marcelles to Scanderoone and soe to Marcelles againe, and that att his returne thither before his fraight was paid as this rendent beleeveth his Merchant broke soe that he lost all his freight as he beleeveth" (HCA 13/125 Box Two)
+----
+===Punishment & discipline on board ship===
+'''Correction'''
+-  "the said Grove. did (in his passage from Plymouth for London of this depo:ts knowledge strive to make the mariners doe their dutyes in y:e performance of the said voyage; as neere and as much as hee could, And saith y:e said Grove for their Careles neglects of their dutyes did give some of them Correction, And further deposeth that Richard Blagne Boateswaine of the said Ship y:e said Voyage, did acknowledge to this depo:t that hee the said Blagne had Received five pounds of the said Luke Wood more than any other of the said Shipps Company, And the foresaid Bartlet (hee saith) did aboard y:e said Ship tell this depo:t That hee the said Bartlet , would spend all that ever hee had even the very Cloathes on his back, but hee would be revenged of the said Grove, and lay him soe XXXX in prison that hee should bever be in Capacity to XXX XXX same ship againe; And saith that one Capell who was Cooper of the said Ship y:e said Voyage, did  tell this depo:t oftentimes, and alsoe others of the said Ships Company.  That if [if may be crossed out] hee the said Capell would ?part (OR, ?pass) his body and soule to hell, but hee would be revenged of the said Grove for Correcting of him or to that purpose"<ref>[XXXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: Luke Wood agt Thomas Grove: Examination: i.  John Bourman, of Chatham, Kent, Shipwright, aged 38:  Date:  March 15th 1658]</ref>
+'''Y:e said Grove did Moderately Correct one Thomas Capell the Cooper'''
+-  "the said Thomas Grove did during the whole Voyage strive and endevo:r to make his marine:rs doe their Dutyes in the pformance of their severall offices & places, and upon severall  occasions & Carles neglects of their dutyes the said Grove would and did punish them with moderate Correction, and ptiuclarly hee saith that y:e said Grove did Moderately Correct one Thomas Capell the Cooper of the said Ship y:e sd Voyage who was a ?Stabbozild and Carles ffellowe.  And further cannot depose saving y:t one Richard Blake?r Boatswaine of the said Ship y:e sd Voyage hath told this depo:t and others that hee the XYXrlate had rec?eaved 5:s of the said Luke Wood, more than than of the rest of the Company"<ref>[XXXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: XXXX:  Examination: 2. Robert Grove, of Wapping, Mariner, aged 50:  Date: Aprill 5:th 1658]</ref>
+'''40 strokes with a ropes end upon his bare shirt'''
+"y:e said James Montjoy complained of y:e said Ward M:r in that he put 6 men to 4 mens allowance the said Ward & his Mates seized y:e said Montjoy to y:e Capstone and hung a 150:li weight of shott about his neck, and that he y:e said Montjoy telling y:e said Ward and his mates that he Conceied the Parl:t would not suffer such wrong to goe unpunished, they made answer in this manner, what tell you of y:e Parl:t if y:e said Montjoy were soe great with them, he would rubb him for their sakes, and gave him a bou?t 40 strokes with a ropes end upon his bare shirt whereby y:e said James Montjoy hath suffred much"<ref>[[MRP: HCA 1/8|TNA HCA 1/8: The Information of James Mountjoy against Joseph Ward M:r Thomas Ward and Samuell Harken, M:re mates of the Parromore of London.]]</ref>
+----
+===Purchase of naval stores===
+ADD TEXT
+----
+===Pursers===
+-  "the said ship the ''Saphire'' (XXXX hee only depose) had Laden and put a bord her a Cargazoone of goods the pticulars whereof & to whom consigned are specified in this depon:ts Pursers booke of fraight delivered to the said General Blake or to such as he appointed to receave the same to ?w:ch for more certainty herein hee refereth himselfe"<ref>[[MRP: HCA 13/64#head-59f52ce5a73811a54a25ce1cbf62b0001de3a8e8|HCA 13/64: Case: XXXX: Deposition: Edward Wye, of Ratcliffe, parish of Stepney, Middlesex, late Master and Commander of the Saphire alias the ffairfax, aged 42:  Date: XXXX]]</ref>
+- "hee this deponent XXX him XXXXXX ?the said ?place of ?master for all the said time, and XXXX voyages in ?her in the yeares 1651, 1652 and 1653 as Purser of her, and kept the account as to the said owners"<ref>[XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: Concerning Jane Hughes & the Thomas Bonadventure ag.t the owners of the said ship:  Examination: Henry Hughes. pf Deptford, Kent, Merchant, aged 28:  Date April 29th, 1659]</ref>
+----
+===Quality===
+'''Serving on a ship in a given Quality'''
+-  "the said Hill of this Depo:ts Knowledge did serve in y:e sd ship XX doe his duty well and truely on board y:e said Ship, and did well deserve his foresaid wages:, And saith that thirty shillings was the said time usually paid to men that served in y:e foresaid Quality on board ship in such Voyages:  The reason of his Knowledge of the p:rmisses is for that he this Depo:t Continued on board the said Ship in y:e Quality aforesaid from such his Coming on board her, untill, and along time after y:e Death of the said Andrew Hill"<ref>[XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: William Craford and Anne his wife, Executors of Andrew Hill ag:t the Elizabeth & Mary and others:  Examination:  Thomas Hale, of Stepney, Mariner, aged 45:  Date: March 29th, 1659]</ref>
+----
+===Refusal to take an oath===
+'''Refusal to take an oath in the High Court of Admiralty'''
+-  "in obedience to his said warrants, and that they XXXXX unto him as hee beleiveth, their said Comission and declared unto him their power given XXXXX and the effect of the said Commission, and that hee was called as a witnesse to be examined thereupon, and that they sitting as com:es did admXXXX this rendent to take his oath as a  Witnes to depose the trutht upon such matters as ?any ?could be expressed, and this respondent desiing to know of them what it was  hee should bee examined upon, they or XXX of them answered that hee should know that, when hee had taken his oath, and that this respondent againe insisted and prayed them that hee might know before his swearing, what hee should be examined upon, and withall told and XXXX unto them, that hee was readie and would sweare that hee never tooke nor XXX XXX nor bought in XX any of the goods taken or that were out of the said shipp to his knowledge, but they still refusing to acquaint or tell him what matters hee should be examined upon, hee refused to take his oath, and would not be examined by or before them upon oath unlesse hee might know the matter concerning w:ch hee should bee examined before his taking his oath"<ref>http://bron.wikispot.org/HCA_13/128#head-b7e7fc954b7c6989da0ef5766b7addf6c17e38ca  HCA 13/128: Allegation:  Richard fford: Answer: ?Bas Nelders: Date: July 5th 1657</ref>
+----
+===Refusal to pay mariners' wages===
+'''Refusal of Duke of Venice to give satisfaction for forced use of ship to service the Venetian fleet'''
+-  " there this rendent was offered a fraight to Smirna & soe to Venice againe w:ch this rendent accepted of, but dureing such tyme as he was at Venice intreating about the same the Duke of Venice or his Officers forced this rendent & his sd ship into their Service contrary to this rendents good will & likeing to carry  bread from thence to ?candy for the ffleete w:ch this rendents ship accordingly did & arrived & delivered the same there in or about y:e beginning of december 1655. as he believeth for w:ch this rendent never received any satisffaction at all and doth declare that so soone as hee shall receive satisffaction for the same he shalbe ready & willing to pay his sd Marrin:es what shalbe due unto them for y:e same"<ref>[[MRP: HCA 13/128#head-727068f18cfef4652fd5211886efa6c5543e24b2| HCA 13/128: Case: Allegacon on the behalfe of Edward Paull & others: Personal answeres: William Wilmott: Date: XXXX]]</ref>
+'''Failure of mariners to defend their ship from seizure'''
+-  "he [Elias Beake, London merchant] hath bin required to pay wages to the sd Salter & others, & y:t he doth justly refuse as he humbly conceiveth, for the sd pties, or some of them coming to him to demand their wayges he asked them  why they did not defend their sd ship & goods & make shott at y:e vessell y:t tooke them y:t so they might have beaten them of & saved the vessell & goods for the Own:es that they might have had incouragem:t to have paid them for their good service, to w:ch answear was made that whoe should have kept them if they had been wounded, or lost a Limb or to that effect, so that of marrin:es should refuse to use their gunnes in this manner the Own:es had as good throw them into y:e Sea as carry them in their Ships & if they may give up their  vessells & goods & returne home & receive their wages as usuall"<ref>[[MRP: HCA 13/128#head-5756e8a4cff39ee460292afceafa94ffaa79ebc9|HCA 13/128: Case: Libell against Elias Beake and Peter Mathews in the name of John Salter & others:  Personal answeres: Elias Beake: Date: October 28th 1656]]</ref>
+----
+===Risk===
+'''Risque'''
+-  "for his the said John Scrother the producents accompt and risque"<ref>[[MRP: HCA 13/68 Part Two#head-4470969a6089650fa0451fb522657662b3e03f2a|HCA 13/68: Case: Clayme of John Scrother for goods on the Black Cock: Deposition: 1. Jacob Wigandi, of Hamborough, Merchant, aged 25: Date: November 30th 1653]]</ref>
+----
+===River of Thames===
+'''Tidal conditions'''
+-  "in or about the beginning of the moneth of August 1658, the said ship ''Warewell'' arrived in the River of Thames with her Lading of Coles.  and came to an Anchor a little belowe or against Wapping dock, and there moored in a very good and Convenient birth, where ships doe usually ryde at Anchor, and there rid in safety one floud and two Ebbs, during w:ch time there was noe appearance of any Ancho:r or buoy neere unto the place where the said ship was moored
+The premises hee deposeth for that hee this Depo:t belonged the said time to the ''James'' of London w:ch then came up y:e River the Tide before the ''Warewell'' came up, and moored a little above the ''Warewell'', and this Depo:t did see the said ship y:e ''Warewell''. take up her birth in y:e foresaid place, and tooke notice of her said mooring & ryding
+as aforesaid...
+...after y:e said Ship y:e ''Warewell'' had layne moored in y:e place aforesaid for the space of One ffloud and two Ebbs.  shee happened to be bilged upon an Anchor w;ch lay within the said ships birthe w:ch had not then any boy fastned to it, and saith that soo soone as y:e said ship y:e ''Warewell'' was preceived to be bilged by her not XXXXing in the River, this Depo:t and severall other Mariner:rs belonging to other ships that Rid there went p:rsently on board her, and found her then to have foure fooote water in her hold.  And saith that this Depo:t & y:e said other mariners & alsoe the ''Warewells'' Company, did Labo:r very hard and used their best Endeavo:rs to XXXXX the said ship ashore, and to that end did pumpe her , and heave out about three Lighters of Coles: and then by their greate Labo:rs and endeavo:r go her some what neerer to the shore, and then heaved about another Lighter of Coales. out of her.  and did all that they could possibly doe to p:rvent further dammages that might have happened to the said Ship and Coles by reason of her said bilging on y:e said Anchor...
+...the said Ship ''Warewell'' came and moored in y:e said place about an hower and halfe before high water, and it was about two howers ffloud when shee was bilged on the said Anchor"<ref>[XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case:  Clarke ag:t Scattergood:  Examination:  2.  Robert Hercules, of Ratcliffe, Mariner, aged 40:  Date:  October 27th 1659]</ref>
+----
+===Role of consuls===
+ADD TEXT
+----
+===Set out against the Turkes===
+-  "the sayd shipp the ''Sta Cruse'' was sett out from Gennoa as a man of warr against the Turkes" '''ADD SOURCE'''
+----
+===Sheriff's Court of London===
+'''Sueing in the Sheriff's Court'''
+-  "hee this Rendent hath sued and doth still sue and impleade the said George Cobden in the Sheriffs Court of London for the said sugars in an action of ?Trover; and alsoe beleeveth that y:e six tonnes of sugar soe as aforesaid by him laded or reputed to be laden aboard the said shipp the ''James'' in Carlisle bay, and the goods or sugars by him sued for in the sid Sheriffs Court, were and are the same goods or sugars, and not diverse"<ref>XXX HCA 13/128: XXXXX</ref>
+----
+===Ship equipment===
+'''Anchors'''
+-  "the said Anchor [of the ''Warewell''] was Carryed on shore, and beleeveth that it weighted about five ?or six hundred weight"<ref>XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case:  Clarke ag:t Scattergood:  Examination:  2.  Robert Hercules, of Ratcliffe, Mariner, aged 40:  Date:  October 27th 1659</ref>
+----
+===Ship prices===
+-  "a stXXX shipp of the burthen of 200 tunnes and upwards: and was worth with her tackle and furniture having bene newly fitted and equipped the summe of one thousand pounds ?sterl in the Judgm:t of this deponent"<ref>[[MRP: HCA 13/68#head-d950b85cda43fda487b419cf1928ed869167c202|HCA 13/68: Case: On behalf of John Harrison: Deposition: 3. William Neave, of Dukes Place, London, Merchant, aged 44: Date: December ?23rd 1653]]</ref>
+-  "she was a strong and tight shipp and had bene but one voyage before att sea from the tyme of her first building and was of the burthen of .200 tonnes or thereabouts and had in her sixteene ?persons, and the tackele apparell and furniture of and belonging unto her were likewise good and new And the freight of the says hipp so provided with gunns and tackle was well worth the summe of 250:li sterl p moneth And soe much was and is usually given p moneth for a shipp of her burthen and goodnes"<ref>[[MRP: HCA 13/68#head-ba56423722456e018a88d06052af3bdf5c97f223|HCA 13/88: Case: XXXX: Deposition: Nicholas Williams, of Redriffe, Surrey, Mariner, sometime Quartermaster on the Freetrade, aged 36: Date: March 9th 1653/44]]</ref>
+----
+===Ship wrecks===
+'''Her breaching in peeces'''
+-  "y:e ''Anne'' was driven upon y:e sd sands, and the Seas were ?mighty boysterous. Insomuch that they beate over y:e Deck of the sd ship with sich a fforce that y:e Company on y:e Deck could Scarce Stand upon their Leggs, and saith there were XXXXX saved, and brought out of the said ship, just before her breaching in peeces, and saith y:e bookes of Accounts belonging to y:e ship, was not brought out. but left in her, when her Company left her. And saith that, after the sd ship ?Struck upon y:e Sands, her Company had noe time to Take any of their owne goods (save what they had about them) were all busied about hoysting out their boate (OR, boats)"<ref>[XXXX HCA 13/73: Case: Christopher Malyn, Thomas Carret, Bethnel Tynck, George Southerne, George Rogers, Thomas West, ffrancis Rosse, and John Robeck, late Mariners of the Ship the Anne:: Examination: 2.  Joseph Bond: Date: February 26th 1658]</ref>
+'''Breaking and splitting in the sands'''
+-  "hee went from Gravesend  in y:e sd Ship y:e voyage in question, and Continued onboard till shee was breaking and splitting on y:e said sands"<ref>[XXXX HCA 13/73: Case: XXXX:  Answer: John Atkins: Date: XXXX]</ref>
+'''Using other meanes for saving of their Lives'''
+-  "after the ?said Ship came upon y:e said Sand?s her Company had noe time either to save any paps or any of their Cloathes or goods w:ch were in y:e sd Ship, but were most of them Imployed about Hoysting out their boate, and using other meanes for saving of their Lives."<ref>[XXXX HCA 13/73: Case: XXXX:  Answer: John Atkins: Date: XXXX]</ref>
+'''High winds, foule weather, and greate Tides'''
+-  "when they came from thence [ffalmouth] y:e winde was faire, and y:e next day y:e weather Changed, and was very Boisterous, and y:e said other Ships which were bigger, and better sailers than the ''Anne''; left her behinde them, and y:e sd ship ''Anne'' by y:e said High winds, foule weather, and greate Tides (and by ?noe other meanes) was forced and driven upon y:e Coast of ffrance, about tenne Leagues to the Westward of ?Bullen, where shee as aforesd: was broken in peeces and utterly lost."<ref>[XXXX HCA 13/73: Case: Christopher Malyn, Thomas Carret, Bethnel Tynck, George Southerne, George Rogers, Thomas West, ffrancis Rosse, and John Robeck, late Mariners of the Ship the Anne:: Examination: 2.  Joseph Bond: Date: February 26th 1658]</ref>
+----
+===Shipping charges===
+-  "it being very notorious & well knowne to the sd M:r Wayn Wright & all other mrchants that use the East countrey trade that every Last of wheate payeth one dollar the charges at Stettin & Stralsound & the charges for Smacks & boates to bring y:e sd corne on board, & petty pilotage & other dutyes, all w:ch heethis rendent did really pay"<ref>This is the footnote text</ref> '''ADD SOURCE'''
+----
+===Spanish crew on English ships===
+'''Voyage from London to Amsterdam to Trinidad and the Spanish West Indies and back to London'''
+-  "hee saith there were twenty men and a boy belonging to the said shipp when shee XX XXXXX Milford, whereof seaven were Spaniards the said John Lopez being one of the said Spaniards, and saith three of the  said Spaniards are in London, and the rest were left abroad"<ref>[[MRP: HCA 13/73#head-20cc9524f6449d3264092c6f244adaa50ab5d970|HCA 13/73: Case: Lord Protector ag:t the Hope: Deposition: 5.  Peter Aylward, of London, Merchant, aged 40: Date: February 21st 1658 (59)]]</ref>
+----
+===Spanish in London===
+-  "this Depo:t [MANUEL DE FONSECA of London Merchant, aged 21 yeeres] was borne at Badajos in Spaine, and is a Batchelo:r and hath lived for theise six yeeres last in this City, and for foure yeeres before hee lived in ffrance and Holland, Ans saith the said M:r ffernandes wife is this Depo:ts Ant, and this Depo:t liveth  with the sd ffernandez in y:e Quality aforesd"<ref>[XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: ffernandez and others touching the Hope: Examination: 8.  Manuel de Fonseca, of London, Merchant, aged 21:  Date: Aprill 20th, 1659]</ref>
+----
+===Staires and steps===
+- "in the moneth of November last, as this depo:t was goeing to y:e Waterside; neere Colestaires, hee sawe one John Tyler, & some others talking and discoursing in a Carpenters yard with one Mordecay Yonge" (HCA 13/73))
+----
+===States service===
+-   "gone in the States Service" (HCA 13/73))
+----
+===Stopping, searching, & seizing ships===
+-  "the shipps arlate were stayed at y:e Isle of Wight by the Governour or his deputye at Yarmouth castle in the said Island upon information given by some of their owne Company as hee beleeveth that they were bound for Spayne"<ref>[XXXX  HCA 13/128: Case: Beane ag:t Jacobs: Personall answeares: Humfrey Beane: Date: XXXX]</ref>
+----
+===Sugar===
+'''Nevis vs. Barbadoes sugar'''
+-  "at y:e first coming of the said ship y:e ''Peace'' to Nevis y:e said Wood sold his fish after y:e rate of a pound of ffish, for a pound of Sugar, and Saith that Nevis Sugar is accounted better than Barbadoes Sugar"<ref>[XXXX  HCA 13/73 Part Two]</ref>
+'''Nevis sugar is a great deale better Cured or dryed'''
+- "the said Wood had Receaved a Letter from, his Correspondent XX XXXX of Barbadoes, that fish their would yeild but halfe a pound Weight of Sugar, and that hee y:e sd Correspondent. had sold all the said Woods ffish brought in the ''Peece'', at that rate, and therefore desired the said Wood to come XXX his said Ship to the Barbadoes, But saith that y:e said Wood of this depo:ts knowledge at Nevis had a pound  of Nevis sugar for a pounds of ffish, And that was as this depo:t verily beleeveth the reason and cause why the said Wood would not voe to y:e Barbadoes with his said ffish: And saith that hee this depo:t is very well versed in y:e nature, and Quality of Barbadoes Sugar, and Nevis sugar and therby knoweth that a pound of Nevis sugar is well worth two pounds of the Barbadoes sugar; in regard Nevis sugar is a great deale better Cured or dryed"<ref>[XXXX  HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: XXXX:  Examination: 2. Robert Grove, of Wapping, Mariner, aged 50:  Date: Aprill 5:th 1658]</ref>
+----
+===Supracargoe===
+'''Powers of supracargo'''
+-  "the arlate Luke Woods did goe the voyage in question absolute and sole Supracargo & manager of the sayd shipp ''Pease'' as well for the parts that XXXXXXX hee the sayd Woods had hyred as for the other five eighths which was soe freighted by and belonged to the sayde Brewer and Crispe And was soe impowered to goe Supracargo and sole manager of the sayd Brewer & Crispe their five eighth parts by the sayde Brewer and Crispe"<ref>[XXXX HCA 13/73: Case: XXXXX:  Examination:  2.  Richard Blake, of Ratcliffem Stepney, Middlesex, Mariner, aged 30:  Date:  January 14th 1658]</ref>
+'''Powers of supracargo touching the lading unlading and reladeing of a ship'''
+-  "the sayd Woods being sole supracargo of the sayed shipp for the voyage in question both the Master and Mariners ought to obey and observe the orders of the sayd Luke Woods as Supracargo as touching the lading unlading   and reladeing of the sayd shipp & to goe with the shipps boate,  & with the sayd shipp from place to place according as the sayd Woods should for his best advantage of tradeing in the sayd voyage direct and appoint"<ref>[XXXX HCA 13/73: Case: XXXXX:  Examination:  2.  Richard Blake, of Ratcliffem Stepney, Middlesex, Mariner, aged 30:  Date:  January 14th 1658]</ref>
+'''Conflict between Master and supracargo'''
+-  "imediately after the sayd Grove had soe threatned and reviled the sayd Wood, hee the sayd Woods did in a civill & mylde manner demand of the sayd Grove why he would not lett him have any salt from on board and the sayd Grove replyed & sayd that the shipp wanted stiffneing or ballast whereto the sayd Wood answered and sayd to the sayd Grove why then did yo:w not a day agoe send for more stones whereto the sayd Grove replyed and sayd hee had forgott it & the sayd Woods then asked the sayd Grove what hee would doe when he had more stones aboard whereto the sayd Grove replyed and sayd that then hee would carry them on shoare againe And these speeches passed betwixt the sayd Grove & Woods publiquely upon the deck in p:rsence & hearing of this deponent and most of the shipps Company the sayd Wood speakeing soe loude and with such rage & fury that people who stood on shoare stood gazeing and wondering to see & heare such words & behaviour proceede from a Master of a shipp to his Supracargoe./"<ref>[[MRP: HCA 13/73#head-761fc1c079262a26423aebf1557358559fe4210d|HCA 13/73: Case:  Luke Wood x:r ag:t the ''Pearce '' and ag:t Thomas Grove:  Examination:  3.  Peter Bartlet, of Ratcliff, Shipwright, aged 30:  Date:  January 12th, 1658]]</ref>
+----
+===Terra Firma===
+'''North American continent as "Terra Firma"'''
+-  "?departed in or about November 1657 to ComXXXX a coast on the terra firma"<ref>[[MRP: HCA 13/73#head-20cc9524f6449d3264092c6f244adaa50ab5d970| HCA 13/73: Case: Lord Protector ag:t the ''Hope'': Deposition: 5.  Peter Aylward, of London, Merchant, aged 40: Date: February 21st 1658 (59)]]</ref>
+----
+===Timber yards===
+'''Timber yard in Lisbon'''
+- "hee was in y:e said yard (out of w:ch y:e said Logwood was taken & sent on board y:e said ship) whilest, some of the sd wood was weighing, and sawe most of it sent, and brought aboard y:e said ship, y:e said yard being neere y:e waterside & neere unto y:e place: where his ship lay"<ref>[[MRP: HCA 13/73#head-33d2b1e0e6e0fc1345132124672e893357ee3da7|HCA 13/73: Case: Mayflower vs. XXXX: Deposition: 2. John Stannian, of the City of London; Gentleman, aged 26: Date: September 23rd 1659]]</ref>
+----
+===Trade between London and Amsterdam===
+'''Interchangeability of London and Amsterdam for trade with Spanish West Indies'''
+-  "about the monethes of May and June 1657: the arlate M:r ffernandez and M:r Page had discourse and treaty with John Lopes about sending a ship and Cargoe from England or Holland to the Spanish West  Indias for the Account of them the said M:r ffernandez and M:r Page, and Company"<ref>[XXX HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: ffernandez and others touching the Hope: Examination: 8.  Manuel de Fonseca, of London, Merchant, aged 21:  Date: Aprill 20th, 1659]</ref>
+----
+===Trade between London and Lisbon===
+ADD DATA
+----
+===Trade between London and Norway===
+ADD DATA
+----
+===Trade with the Canary Islands===
+'''English merchants trading under Dutch names'''
+-  "English merchants doe, (and have done since y:e warre betwixt England and Spaine) trade at y:e Canaryes under fained and fictitious Dutch names the better to Colo:r their goods, and p:eserved them from Spanish Capture."<ref>[[MRP: HCA 13/73#head-7afb365c1d24c876f38db4951503907d0bc3217e| HCA 13/73: Case: XXXX: Examination: David Lloyd, Citizen & Cloatheworker, of London, aged 56:  Date: March 8th 1658 (59)]]</ref>
+----
+===Transmission of news between ports===
+'''Arrival of news of English capture of Dunkirke in Canary Islands'''
+-  "about such time as the said Tye had bin y:e second time ashore, as aforesaid there was news come to the Road of Oratava and places adhjacent that the English had taken Dunkirke, and had killed all the Spaniards therein after they had given them quarter"<ref>[XXXe  HCA 13/73 Part One: Case: XXXX:  Examination: 3. Thomas Wilkinson, of Wapping, Stepney, Middlesex, Mariner, late Master's Mate of the Lixon ffrigot, aged 30 yeeres:  Date:  February 10:th, 1658]</ref>
+----
+===Travel Time Sources===
+'''Inverness to Rochell'''
+- "he answereth & beleeveth That the weather ?serving a ship doth usually & may saile  from Innvrnes to Rochell in ?20 dayes or thereabouts"<ref>[[MRP: HCA 13/129#head-4c61d7658a23d6dd6ec9e0acfe2fe7e3f9504449|HCA 13/129: Personal answers of Peter Cornelius Youngboare: Allegation: ?Maurice Trent: Date: 17th March 1658]]</ref>
+'''Gravesend to coast of Greeneland and back to Gravesend'''
+- "the sd ship sett sayle from Gravesend upon or about the fourteenth of Aprill 1656. & not before as they beleeve at w:ch time & not before the sd monethly pay was to begin in case the sd pties had behaved themselves as they ought to have done, & these rendents further beleeve that y:e ship the ''Greyhound'' came back againe into the River of Thames & was here discharged  upon or about the fowrteenth day of September 1656 as they beleeve"<ref>[[MRP: HCA 13/128#head-1e528de4e0e74b6a9851e1a3ed2dd641cee9355b|HCA 13/128: Case: XXXX: Answer: Richard Batson, Humphrey Beane, & Gowen Goldegay: Date: XXXX]]</ref>
+'''Lisbon to Brazil (exact Brazilian destination unspecified)'''
+- "y:e sd ship the ''Scipio'' did enter upon & begin her voiage for Brazeel to wit in y:e lading of her goods for that place the 3:d of September 1649. and that y:e sd ship did dept from Lisborne upon y:e sd voiage the 5:th day of November arlate 1649 & ?arrived at Brazeele the 6:th day of March 1649 [i.e. 1650]  & there discharged her lading about y:e end of Aprill 1650 & that upon the 20:th of June 1650. y:e sd ship did set saile in company of the portugall fleete for Lisborne againe, and  was afterwards put back with the rest of y:e fleete by the command of y:e Admrall for Brazeel where they arrived againe about the first or second of July 1650."<ref>[[MRP: HCA 13/129#head-2187c17fbe54015abbe3f7fced1c8d59ab105c17|HCA 13/129: Personal answers of Humfey ffosse John Tucker Christofer Mills: Allegation: Captain Thomas Ewens: Date: XXXX]]</ref>
+'''London to the Canary Islands'''
+-  "the sd Ship did go with some small commodities to ?Loratuna in the Canary ?Islands & did safely arrive there & unlade her goods as hee believeth but y:e time of her arrivall & lading he knoweth not, but believeth a ship may goe from home to y:e Canaries with goods & unlade the same within the space of sixe weekes"<ref>[[MRP: HCA 13/128#head-5756e8a4cff39ee460292afceafa94ffaa79ebc9| HCA 13/128: Case: Libell against Elias Beake and Peter Mathews in the name of John Salter & others:  Personal answeres: Elias Beake: Date: October 28th 1656]]</ref>
+'''Gravesend to Scanderoone and back to Gravesend'''
+-  " from y:e time of y,e Departure of y:e said Ship ''Anne'' from Gravesend & Untill the say of her discharging of her last goods at Scanderoone ?was about seaven monethes and three weekes"<ref>[XXX  HCA 13/73: Case: Christopher Malyn, Thomas Carret, Bethnel Tynck, George Southerne, Geirge Rogers, Thomas West, ffrancis Rosse, and John Robeck, late Mariners of the Ship the Anne:: Examination: 2.  Joseph Bond: Date: February 26th 1658]</ref>
+----
+===Trust===
+'''Trust reposed in an executor or administrator'''
+-  "this rendent did desire them the said M:r fford, and M:r Mayne to Joyne with him to administer uppon and dispose the said goods,accordinge to the trust reposed in them by the said M:r West decead, but they the said M:r fford ad M:r Mayne did both of them refuse, and then this rendent being unwillinge the said goods should bee lost and miscarye, did in ?order to that trust w:ch was reposed in him repaire to the Governor of the Barbados and there acquainted him with this whole matter, who thereuppon did issue out an order or warrant in the nature of an administration, to this rendent the said M:r fford and M:r Mayne, that they might thereby ?receave the said goods out of the said shipand make disposition thereof"<ref>[XXXX  HCA 13/125: Case: Libell on behalfe of Elizabeth West, administrator of ffrancis West: Personal answeres: John Blith: Date: July 29th 1652]</ref>
+----
+===Turkey Company Merchants of London===
+-  "in ?Examinate & tyme arlate the sayd shipp was hyred and taken to freight by some of the Turkey Company  Merchants of London...COMPLETE THIS TEXT"<ref>[[MRP: HCA 13/73#head-6dcf5b8b811454f886c6971a51aed8a72e650965| HCA 13/73: Case: John Swift John Parker John Harris and Company, Owners of the Shipp the Lady ffrigott vs. Hippolito Centurione of Genoa and others: Deposition: 5.  John Gates, of Debtford, Kent, Ship Wright, one of the Carpenters of the Lady ffrigott, aged 18 : Date: June 4th, 1659]]</ref>
+----
+===Upper Bench prison===
+'''Prisoner at the Upper Bench'''
+-  " hee [Thomas Hale, of Stepney, Mariner, aged 45] this depo:t is a prizone:r in & at the Upper Bench upon a p:rtence of Debt, and saith hee is worth 100:li (All his debts w:ch hee weith being paid) besides many debts w:ch are Owing to this depo:t"<ref>[XXX  HCA 13/73 Part Two: Case: William Craford and Anne his wife, Executors of Andrew Hill ag:t the Elizabeth & Mary and others:  Examination:  Thomas Hale, of Stepney, Mariner, aged 45:  Date: March 29th, 1659]</ref>
+----
+===Use of arbitration===
+'''Dispute of freight charges deducted from proceeds returned to Master and Owner'''
+-  "To the Eighteenth & Nyneteenth he answereth that he hath bin demanded to pay fraight, but doth beleeve there is none due to y:e sd pties, but for their ppoorcon of the monyes pceeding of the sd ship and goods he is & hath alwaies bin ready & willing to allow unto them their pporcon, if they would agree what the same should be or leave the same to any indiffrent psons to state the same betweene them" <ref>HCA 137128: XXXX)</ref>
+----
+===Value of cargo vs value of ship===
+'''XXX to XXX ratio'''
+-  "hee saith the ''Postillion'' at her seizure was of the burthen of two hundred tonne or therabouts and had nyne peeces of ordnance and the sayd shipp and her tackle apparrell & furniture were then well worth (in this deponents Judgement and estimate) two thousand six hundred pounds sterling or therabouts And saith the sayd shipp had aboard he at the tyme of the seizure, (for Accompt of the sayd Delboe Middleton Temmes Britton Taylor and Syon seaventeene hundred forty six parcell and thirty one ?Catees of pepper, and peeces of Eight three thousand three hundred and some odd peeces which pepper would in this deponents Judgment, if it had come safe to England have there yeild Thirteene Thousand pounds sterling besides freight due alsoe to the sayd Delboe Middleton Temms Britton Taylor and Syon as Owners of the sayd shipp which as hee beleeveth would have amounted to two thousand eight hundred pounds more of like money And hee saith that hee this deponent had for his owne Accompt aboard the sayd shipp at her seizure sixe hundred peeces of Eight, and pepper & Cloaves soe much as would have in England have yeilded seaventeene hundred pounds sterling, besides his wages for the sayd voyage which hee beleeveth did amount to ?three hundred pounds more of like money & his cloats amounting to about twenty pounds more of like money all which hee lost by the seizure aforesayd And hee saith the sayd shipps company at the tyme of the sayd seizure had aboard her for their Accompt pepper & ?Caude & other goods to the value of ?three hundred pounds sterling in this deponents Judgment and estimate, besides their cloathes and wages which as hee beleeveth was worth a thousand pounds more of like money all which they were samnified by the sayd seizure And hee saith that beside the p:rmisses there were about the sayd shipp at her seizure fower hundred Jarrs of Greene Ginger for Accompt of the English East India Company which were alsoe lost by the seizure aforesayd and would in this deponents Judgment have yeilded if they had come safe to England one thousand one hundred and twenty pounds sterling..."<ref>[[MRP: HCA 13/72#head-d1b938e8fde65c21af2869095458cde6e6f9685a| HCA 13/72: Case: Ex parte and on behalfe of Symon Delboe, Andrew Middleton, Nathaniell Temms, Thomas Britton, John Taylor, & Abraham Syon, owners of the Postillian: Examination: 1.  John Kingsman, Mariner, Master of the Postillian, aged 32: Date: August 28th 1658]]</ref>
+'''Ten to one ratio'''
+-  "To the fifteenth he answereth & beleeveth that the said ship & her tackle & furniture & other materialls when they were seized were worth about the summe of One hundred pounds, and not above as he beleeveth, and the sd goods in the said ship were worth as he beleeveth the summe of about one thousand pounds & not under as he beleeveth, but y;e sd ship by lyeing there and being pillaged was much spoyled & damnifyed & worth little as he beleeveth...[Following the sale of the ship & goods, snd subsequent decree to return the proceeds] 16.  To the Sixteenth he answereth & beleeveth that y:e monyes which came to his hands as y:e pceed of y:e sd ship & goods did amount to about Two hundred Nynety five pounds as is alleaged & not lesse as he beleeveth, & he hath not since delivered y:e same, but alwayes offered & was & is willing to give them their due ppocon as he beleeveth"<ref>[[MRP: HCA 13/128#head-675122a975b594401e0e4f86b5eccafff312ac29|HCA 13/128: Allegation:  On the behalfe of Thomas Cullinge Jonathan Andrewes & Gifford Bale: Personal answers: Samuell Micoe: Date: June 10th 1657]]</ref>
+'''Two point six to one ratio'''
+-  "the ''Lady ffrigott'' and her tackle and furniture, & freight, and stock & provisions on board her at her seizure aforesayd by the sayd Gennoa (sic) man of warr called the ''Sta Cruse'' was in his this deponents Judgment well worth five thousand pounds of lawfull English money and soe much hee beleeveth the says Swift Parker & Harris & other her Owners were dammaged by her being surprized & taken as aforesayd...
+the hundred & sixty Tonne of Currants aforesayd on board the ''Lady ffrigott'' belonging to the foresayd Alderman Riccard & Company were at their surprizall worth in this deponents Judgement and estimate ?thirteene thousand pounds of lawfull English money and would as hee verily beleeveth have yeilded the sayd Riccard & Company soe much of they had not bin surprized in manner as aforesayd"<ref>[[MRP: HCA 13/73#head-8945bbd3b098cd3ca3d021ae3203b2772200c8a7|HCA 13/73: Case: John Swift John Parker John Harris and Company, Owners of the Shipp the Lady ffrigott vs. Hippolito Centurione of Genoa and others: Deposition: 3.  Gilbert Anckelly, of Debtford, Kent, Mariner, late Boatswaine of the Lady ffrigorr, aged 30 : Date: June 3rd, 1659]]</ref>
+----
+===Wages===
+'''Arbitration of agreed wages'''
+-  "hee hath reced of the sayd Ewens his wages for the whole voyage in question at such rate as was awarded to him by Arbitrators chosen by the sayd Ewens & this XXondent soe that hee intends noe suite whosoever p:rvailes in this cause"<ref>[XXXX HCA 13/73 Part One: XXXX]</ref>
+'''Customary exchange rates for mariners'''
+- "thereupon y:e sd M:r did pay them off freely Eight moneths pay in dollars at foure shills six pence per dollar, which is y.e usuall rate that English marrin:rs receive their wages at in dollars"<ref>[[MRP: HCA 13/129#head-2187c17fbe54015abbe3f7fced1c8d59ab105c17|HCA 13/129: Personal answers of Humfey ffosse John Tucker Christofer Mills: Allegation: Captain Thomas Ewens: Date: XXXX)]]</ref>
+'''Monthly wages for named qualities on voyage from Gravesend to the Streights and back'''
+-  "in or about November 1657: ?y:e said W:m Malim did hyre all the Marine:rs severall mentioned in the schedule annexed to y:e said Allon nowe showed unto him, to goe & serve in y:e said ship ''Anne'' from this port. to Yarmouth, and from thence to the streights. and to returne againe to this port.  And saith that y:e schedulate Christopher Malym Mate; and Carpenter of y:e said Ship, was hyred at 3:li p moneth to goe y:e sd Voyage;  Thomas Garret Carpenter of the said ship at 1:XXX p moneth to go y:e sd voayage Bethel Tinke (OR, Finke) A Common marriner of the said Ship at 1:li. viij:s p moneth to goe the said voayage, George Sotherne a Comon man of the said ship at 1:li ix:s p moneth to goe y:e said voyage., George. Rogers a Comon man of y:e said Ship at 1;li. viij:s p moneth, to goey:e sd voyage, Thomas West Coop at j:li. xiiij:s p moneth , to goe y:e sd voyage, & ffrancis RoXXX at 1:li. 10:s p moneth to goe y:e said Voyage; And soe ?much the foresaid Mariners well deserved, and soe much is usually given to Marine:rs that serve in the quality aforesaid.  in such voyages. and oftentimes, greater summes, And saith hee save y:e foresaid Marine:rs recvd their halfe pay at Yarmouth and thereby knoweth y:e premisses, but saith hee knoweth not for how much John Roberts y:e Chirurghion of y:e sd ship was shipt at, but saith hee well knoweth y:t hee well deserved 2:li.  2:s. p moneth, and saith hee this depo:t never ?knewe lesse given, to a Chirurgion for y:e same; or y:e like Voyage"<ref>[XXX HCA 13/73: Case: Christopher Malyn, Thomas Carret, Bethnel Tynck, George Southerne, George Rogers, Thomas West, ffrancis Rosse, and John Robeck, late Mariners of the Ship the Anne:: Examination: 2.  Joseph Bond: Date: February 26th 1658)]</ref>
+'''Monthly wages of a Masters Mate'''
+-  "hee this deponent was hyred at fifty shillings a month which is the usuall rate or rates  lesse than usually Mates of shipps who goe a voyage to the Streights & thence back to London have"<ref>[XXX HCA 13/73 Part One: XXXX)]</ref>
+'''No payment of wages overseas'''
+-  "this depo:t asking him howe long y:e sd Hill served in his ship; and at what what hee was shipped. at.  The said Middleton replyed that hee served in his ship about foure yeere, and two Monethes: and was shipped at Thirty shillings p moneth, And then this depo:t asked him if hee had paid him any of his wages: To w:ch hee replied Noe, I Doe not use to pay men abroad."<ref>[XXX HCA 13/73: Case: XXXX:  2.  Grace Hogsflesh, of Stepney, Widowe, aged 39:  Date: Aprill 12:th 1659]</ref>
+'''Pay rates in sample ships'''
+- The ''Content'' (London to Gambo (Africa) to Barbados (then lost at sea); wage schedule for twelve persons (1658/59)<ref>[[MRP: HCA 13/129#head-d57d5f95b7c846f98a8764545b23dc8869a24d72|HCA 13/129: Personal answers of Robert Oxwick, William Weilday and John Jefferyes: Allegation: John White & others: Date: 4th Feb. 1658]]</ref>
+'''Seamens' wages to travel from Lisbon to Brazil and back'''
+- "some consideraccon extraordinary above what they were in the first place hired for"<ref>[[MRP: HCA 13/129#head-2187c17fbe54015abbe3f7fced1c8d59ab105c17|HCA 13/129: Personal answers of Humfey ffosse John Tucker Christofer Mills: Allegation: Captain Thomas Ewens: Date: XXXX)]]</ref>
+-  "the sayd Ewens in persuance of such his offere & promises did pay unto his sayd Company eight moneths pay according to the first agreement made at London & did promise & agree to pay them an addition of five shillings in the pound p moneth for the future over & above the rates formerly agreed on which promise of addition the Company did agree to & promised to provide on the sayd Brazeele voyage and the sayd ffosse Tucker Howgate this deponent & the  rest of the shipps Company did thereupon proceede upon the sayd voyage after the sayd new contract"<ref>[XXX HCA 13/73: Case: XXXX: Examination:  3.  James Retallick, of Wapping, Mariner, aged 35:  Date:  March 5th 1658 English Style)]</ref>
+-  " hee [XXXX] saith hee was one of the shipps Company which soe refused to proceede unlesse his wages were augmented And saith if this ?respondent could have gotten his wages then due according to the first agreement & safe passage from Lisbon to London hee beleeveth hee would have deserted the sayd shipp in case the sayd Ewens had not agreed & promised an augementation of wages"[FootNote([XXX HCA 13/73 Part One: XXXX])]]
+----
+===Warehouses===
+'''Spanish warehouses'''
+-  "hee signed y:e sd three Bills of Lading on or neere about y:e 10:th of March 1657. (new stile), in Sta Cruze; in the warehouse of the sd ?Louzel"<ref>[XXX HCA 13/73 Part One: Case: M:r Alsonso Gomez Dias for goods in the Morning Starr:  Examination: 1.  Claes Willems, of Middleborough, Mariner, late Master of the ''Morninf Starr'':  Date: Aprill 22:nd 1659]</ref>
+----
+===Will of God===
+'''Bilging of ship on sands on coast of France'''
+-  "neither her M:r nor any of her Company were in any fault.  but the same came and happened meerely by y:e said Extraordinary winds and y:e will of God. The premisses hee deposeth by sad Experience being on board her, when y:e said Disaster happened"<ref>[XXX HCA 13/73: Case: Christopher Malyn, Thomas Carret, Bethnel Tynck, George Southerne, Geirge Rogers, Thomas West, ffrancis Rosse, and John Robeck, late Mariners of the Ship the Anne:: Examination: 2.  Joseph Bond: Date: February 26th 1658)]</ref>
+----
+===Witness to signing of a bond===
+-  " this depo:t [WILLIAM WYAS of Limehouse in y:e parish of Stepney Vintner, aged 31 yeeres] was p:rsent as this depo:ts house; at the signe of the Ship neere Duke ?Streete and did there see the said Henry Potts, together with the arlate John Carter, Signe Seale, and for their act and deed deliver, the said Bond or schedule, w:ch being soe done this depo:t sett his hand thereunder as a Witnes, of the said Signeing Sealing and delivering as now appeareth, and having seene his name at y:e bottome of y:e sd Schedule or bond.  hee saith y:e same is of his hand writing"<ref>[XXX HCA 13/73 Part One: Case: James Nuthall ag:t the Gilly Flower alias the Hope, Henry Potts Master, & ag:t Henry Potts:  Examination: 1. William Wyas, of Limehouse, Stepney, Vintner, aged 31:  Date: February 18th, 1658 ]</ref>
 ----
 ==Possible topics for synthesis==
@@ Line 25: / Line 1,177: @@
 - "he answereth & beleeveth that Salmon & herings were no vendible commodity at Rochell in y:e moneths arlate" (HCA 13/19)
+- Relative price of fish
+- Whaling described as "fishing"
+- Oysters
+- Lobsters
 *  Geographical language
 -  Areas
--  Linked to commodties (Rhenish wine; French wine)
+-  Linked to commodities (Rhenish wine; French wine)
 -  Non-port towns
 -  Ports
@@ Line 35: / Line 1,191: @@
 *  Greenland fishing
+*  Insults made between ships during conflict at sea
 *  Port to port routes
@@ Line 40: / Line 1,198: @@
 *  Ship age
-- "an old shipp being about the Age of thirteen or fourteen yeers old" (the ''Mayflower'', ca. ?1659)<ref>[[MRP: HCA 23/19|HCA 23/19]]</ref>
+- "an old shipp being about the Age of thirteen or fourteen yeers old" (the ''Mayflower'', ca. ?1659)<ref>[[MRP: HCA 23/19#head-af09a70a13fcdce6c67c19f4135a1566d421bf11|HCA 23/19: Document Number: 51: Case: Willia, Curtis, Thomas Hussey, Samuel Harvar(d): Date: ?1660]]</ref>
 *  Ship prices
@@ Line 70: / Line 1,228: @@
 - Process
 - Registry
-----
-==Topics for synthesis==
-===Commercial failure===
-*  Examples
-- "at Geneva this rendent tooke in  some pte of her lading & was to goe to Legorne  to take in y:e remainder, & at his arrivall  at Legorne the merchant who freaighted this rendents ship failed so that this rendents designe was overthrown" [Answer given June 1659]  (HCA 13/19)
-- "hee doth beleive the said de Silvera not knowing the said ffrancis Pardini was failed did send the bill of lading unto him as he beleiveth but hee doth not beleive the said John Tha?cker did really buy the said wood of the said M:r Pardini or pay him any thing for the same, neither doth hee beleive that the said M:r Pardini or any other merchant that is failed hath a legall power to make any sale of any goods that come to him during the time they absent and are not able to pay their debts, but hee doth beleive the said M:r Thacker being imployed by y:e said M:r Pardini as his sollicitor to make his composicon with his creditors hee  & the said M:r Pardini did contrive together to gett the said goods into their hands if possibly they could and in order thereunto he beleiveth the said M:r Pardini did colourably, and fraudulently signe the bill of sale or schedule alleadged and deliver the same for his XXX as hee beleeveth...
-To the sixth hee answeareth that hee doth beleive that the said M:r Pardini did in further ?prosequucon of the said fraudulent contrivance betweene him and the said M:r Thacker his sollicitor endorse the bill of ladeing as is alleadged but hee being soe failed & absented hee doth beleive the same is utterly voyd and of noe effect." [Answer given June 1659, referring to events in 1649] (HCA 13/19)
-- "4 Itmm interr. Whether before the shippe ''Stockholme'' came from Stockholme, and before the Iron in controversie was Laden aboard, was itt nott commonly and generally reported that the said Godfrey Deleau was bankrupt or failed in his estate and in what moneth did the said wittnesse first heare that the said deleau was failed. Et fiat ut supra." (HCA 23/19)
-----
-===Perception of risk===
-----
-===Port Time Sources===
-*  Unlading & Relading time in Lisbon port, 165X
-----
-===Travel Time Sources===
-*  Inverness to Rochell
-- "he answereth & beleeveth That the weather ?serving a ship doth usually & may saile  from Innvrnes to Rochell in ?20 dayes or thereabouts" (HCA 13/19) [DATE]
-*  Lisbon to Brazil (exact Brazilian destination unspecified)
-- "y:e sd ship the ''Scipio'' did enter upon & begin her voiage for Brazeel to wit in y:e lading of her goods for that place the 3:d of September 1649. and that y:e sd ship did dept from  Lisborne upon y:e sd voiage the 5:th day of November arlate 1649 & ?arrived at Brazeele the 6:th day of March 1649 [i.e. 1650]  & there discharged her lading about y:e end of Aprill 1650 & that upon the 20:th of June 1650. y:e sd ship did set saile in company of the portugall fleete for Lisborne againe, and  was afterwards put back with the rest of y:e fleete by the command of y:e Admrall for Brazeel where they arrived againe about the first or second of July 1650." (HCA 13/19) [DATE]
-*  Gravesend to coast of Greeneland and back to Gravesend
-- "the sd ship sett sayle from Gravesend upon or about the fourteenth of Aprill 1656. & not before as they beleeve at w:ch time & not before the sd monethly pay was to begin in case the sd pties had behaved themselves as they ought to have done, & these rendents further beleeve that y:e ship the ''Greyhound'' came back againe into the River of Thames & was here discharged  upon or about the fowrteenth day of September 1656 as they beleeve" (HCA 13/28) [DATE]
-----
-===Wages===
-*  Seamens' wages to travel from Lisbon to Brazil and back
-- "some consideraccon extraordinary above what they were in the first place hired
-for" (HCA 13/19) [DATE]
-*  Customary exchange rates for mariners
-- " thereupon y:e sd M:r did pay themoff freely Eight moneths pay in dollars at foure shills six pence per dollar, which is y.e usuall rate that English marrin:rs receive their wages at in dollars" (HCA 13/19) [DATE]

Difference between revisions of "MRP: Synthesis"

Latest revision as of 22:25, August 11, 2012

Contents

Suggested links

To do

Notes

Current topics for synthesis

Adventures, money, cloathes and instruments

Amsterdam to the Spanish West Indies

Appraisal

Bad weather

Betrayal as a strategem

Bills of exchange

Bills of health

Bills of lading

Book keepers

Bottomery

Books of accounts

Brokers

Cape merchant

Characteristics of a good ship

Chief Mates

Chinese in Bantam

Clearing a ship (to depart from a harbour)

Coasting trade

Colliers

Coming foule

Commercial failure

Commercial activities of the King of Spain

Commercial practices of planters

Commissions

Contempt of court

Cost of victualls & provisions

Court at Amsterdam

Court at Nevis

Court of Probate & Administration

Crew numbers

Currants

Custom and use of the sea

Dead freight

Debauched behaviour

Discipline on board ship

Disguising the identity of a ship

Doctors Commons

Double negative

Dunkirke

Dutch in London

Dutch West India Company

Effect of drink

Exchange

Expression of emotions in commercial discourse

Falling foul of a ship

Female presence in commercial physical space

Fish

English High Court of Admiralty: procedures

French High Court of Admiralty: procedures

Fraudulent sale of a ship

French in London

Gambling

Genoese men of war

Grocers

Gunns swords & other Instruments of warr

Health risks

Hurricanes

Ill behaviour of ship's master

In service of a foreign nation

Insults made at sea and on land

Insurance

Irish in Amsterdam

Irish language

Irish mariners

Italian mariners on English ships

Italians in London

Joint Account

Lading markes

Languages spoken by ships crews

Laws & Customs

London docks

Long term merchant residents overseas

Market glut & dearth