Difference between revisions of "MRP: Synthesis"

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Synthesis

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26/04/12, CSG: Created page

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To do

Notes

Current topics for synthesis

Bills of lading

• "after the reception thereof [138 bags of Spanish wooll sent to Antwerp] this dep:t signed three bills of lading of one teno:r and caused the same to be entred into his books. the receipt of the same, and to whome they were consigned as aforesaid"^[1]

Characteristics of a good ship

• "att such tyme as the sayd shipp Free trade now seized at Lisbone as aforesd she was a strong and tight shipp and had bene but one voyage before att sea from the tyme of her sd building"^[2]

Commercial failure

• Examples

- "at Genoa this rendent tooke in some pte of her lading & was to goe to Legorne to take in y:e remainder, & at his arrivall at Legorne the merchant who freaighted this rendents ship failed so that this rendents designe was overthrown" [Answer given June 1659]^[3]

- "hee doth beleive the said de Silvera not knowing the said ffrancis Pardini was failed did send the bill of lading unto him as he beleiveth but hee doth not beleive the said John Tha?cker did really buy the said wood of the said M:r Pardini or pay him any thing for the same, neither doth hee beleive that the said M:r Pardini or any other merchant that is failed hath a legall power to make any sale of any goods that come to him during the time they absent and are not able to pay their debts, but hee doth beleive the said M:r Thacker being imployed by y:e said M:r Pardini as his sollicitor to make his composicon with his creditors hee & the said M:r Pardini did contrive together to gett the said goods into their hands if possibly they could and in order thereunto he beleiveth the said M:r Pardini did colourably, and fraudulently signe the bill of sale or schedule alleadged and deliver the same for his XXX as hee beleeveth...

To the sixth hee answeareth that hee doth beleive that the said M:r Pardini did in further ?prosequucon of the said fraudulent contrivance betweene him and the said M:r Thacker his sollicitor endorse the bill of ladeing as is alleadged but hee being soe failed & absented hee doth beleive the same is utterly voyd and of noe effect." [Answer given June 1659, referring to events in 1649]^[4]

- "4 Itmm interr. Whether before the shippe Stockholme came from Stockholme, and before the Iron in controversie was Laden aboard, was itt nott commonly and generally reported that the said Godfrey Deleau was bankrupt or failed in his estate and in what moneth did the said wittnesse first heare that the said deleau was failed. Et fiat ut supra."^[5]

Commercial activities of the King of Spain

• "in the moneth of January 1653. new style, and for about 14. yeares before this depon:t hath well knowne the arlate John de Windt, who is a Merchant and Burgher of Cadiz, and is married there, and saith That by the credible relation of the said John de Windt and others at Cadiz this depon:t: hath understood y:t the arlate Domingo Centurione at the time of the Lading of the said woolls was a Spaniard liveing at Madrid, and Councello:r to his Catholique Ma:tie and his Principall ffacto:r or Agent for the sending of goods wares and merchandizes from Spaine into ffland:rs for the supply of his said Ma:ties occasions there, And saith both the psons arlate were and are commonly accompted Subiects to the said King of Spaine."^[6]

Fish

• Pickled herring

- "To the second Interrie This deponent saith and deposeth that the sayd ship the Hart had att the tyme of the sayd seizure, one hundred and four score Tonnes of pickled herrings on board her. And saith the sayd shipp and all her sayd lading did att the sayd tyme of seizure belong to severall merchants Inhabitants of Skadam subiects of the sayd States of the united Provinces"^[7]

• Salmon

- "y:e sayd shipp came from and began this her outwards voyage from Stockholme with her p:rsent lading of goods being Iron pitch tarr Copper shott andSalmon...all to be unladen att this port of London whither she was bound and where she now is the foresayd Salmon excepted which is to be transported to Burdeaux and there unladen and delivered to Jan Van Pullen a facto:r for y:e sayd Swedish merchants there resideing."^[8]

High Court of Admiralty: procedures

• "To the 11:th he saith he was not aboard the interrte shipp the Golden Starr till after said tyme as the ?Wayters for the Prize office came upon her in the behalfe of the State, and by authority of the Com:rs for the Prize Office; And he saith that after the sd Waiters were so aboard he saw the master of the Waterhound named BLANK IN MANUSCRIPT Grant take out of the Golden Starr a bag of moneyes of about six hundred peices of 8/8, and saw the Captaine of y:e Water hound Giles Shelley take out of y:e Golden Starr a quantity of moneyes in a Bagg, but how much in certaine he knoweth not, and saw likewise Capt MiXX Commander of the Advantage frigott take out of the sayd Golden Starr, in one or two baggs four hundred and three and twenty peices of eight and 1/2. And beleiveth that severall other parcells of moneyes were taken out of the sayd prize shipp he cannot specify, but beleiveth that all or most of the Company of the Advantage frigot, and of the Water hound that were aboard the Golden Starr att the tyme of seizure and afterwards before she came into the River of Thames had and tooke some small quantityes of the sayd moneyes, the values whereof he knoweth not. And saith that some of the Company of y:e sayd Advantage and Waterhound but who in pticular he knoweth not tooke out of the Golden Starr some small Jarrs of oyle and some other things the particulars or values whereof he cannot sett forth."^[9]

• "To the .13 he saith that in case the says shipp the Morning Starr shall be adiudged prize he this rendent expecteth benefit thereby according to the office he bore in the Advantage frigot. and according to an Act or Ordinance of parliament made in that behalfe, and not otherwise."^[10]

Insults made at sea

• "the Captaine of the sayd Golden Starr in stead of showing submission to the authority of this Commonwealth being upon the Coasts of Englands as was demanded of him and is usuall did in a contemptuous manner returne skurrilous and base language and in an unbecoming and skornefull and reproach full way turned downe his breeches, and held upp his bare ?bumme or breech to the sayd Captaine Mill and Company, and waved his Cuttle axe bidding the sayd Captaine Mill Come to Leeward, all which this deponent saw and observed."^[11]

Perception of risk

Port Time Sources

• Unlading & Relading time in Lisbon port, 165X

Shipping charges

• "it being very notorious & well knowne to the sd M:r Wayn Wright & all other mrchants that use the East countrey trade that every Last of wheate payeth one dollar the charges at Stettin & Stralsound & the charges for Smacks & boates to bring y:e sd corne on board, & petty pilotage & other dutyes, all w:ch heethis rendent did really pay

Ship prices

• "a stXXX shipp of the burthen of 200 tunnes and upwards: and was worth with her tackle and furniture having bene newly fitted and equipped the summe of one thousand pounds ?sterl in the Judgm:t of this deponent"^[12]

• "she was a strong and tight shipp and had bene but one voyage before att sea from the tyme of her first building and was of the burthen of .200 tonnes or thereabouts and had in her sixteene ?persons, and the tackele apparell and furniture of and belonging unto her were likewise good and new And the freight of the says hipp so provided with gunns and tackle was well worth the summe of 250:li sterl p moneth And soe much was and is usually given p moneth for a shipp of her burthen and goodnes"^[13]

Travel Time Sources

• Inverness to Rochell

- "he answereth & beleeveth That the weather ?serving a ship doth usually & may saile from Innvrnes to Rochell in ?20 dayes or thereabouts"^[14]

• Lisbon to Brazil (exact Brazilian destination unspecified)

- "y:e sd ship the Scipio did enter upon & begin her voiage for Brazeel to wit in y:e lading of her goods for that place the 3:d of September 1649. and that y:e sd ship did dept from Lisborne upon y:e sd voiage the 5:th day of November arlate 1649 & ?arrived at Brazeele the 6:th day of March 1649 [i.e. 1650] & there discharged her lading about y:e end of Aprill 1650 & that upon the 20:th of June 1650. y:e sd ship did set saile in company of the portugall fleete for Lisborne againe, and was afterwards put back with the rest of y:e fleete by the command of y:e Admrall for Brazeel where they arrived againe about the first or second of July 1650."^[15]

• Gravesend to coast of Greeneland and back to Gravesend

- "the sd ship sett sayle from Gravesend upon or about the fourteenth of Aprill 1656. & not before as they beleeve at w:ch time & not before the sd monethly pay was to begin in case the sd pties had behaved themselves as they ought to have done, & these rendents further beleeve that y:e ship the Greyhound came back againe into the River of Thames & was here discharged upon or about the fowrteenth day of September 1656 as they beleeve"^[16]

Wages

• Pay rates in sample ships

- The Content (London to Gambo (Africa) to Barbados (then lost at sea); wage schedule for twelve persons (1658/59)^[17]

• Seamens' wages to travel from Lisbon to Brazil and back

- "some consideraccon extraordinary above what they were in the first place hired
for"^[18]

• Customary exchange rates for mariners

- "thereupon y:e sd M:r did pay themoff freely Eight moneths pay in dollars at foure shills six pence per dollar, which is y.e usuall rate that English marrin:rs receive their wages at in dollars"^[19]

Possible topics for synthesis

• Attitudes and behaviour towards negroes by sailors and ship masters

• Brazeele trade

• Corruption and kickbacks (prevalence; function)

• Fish

- "he answereth & beleeveth that Salmon & herings were no vendible commodity at Rochell in y:e moneths arlate" (HCA 13/19)
- Relative price of fish
- Whaling described as "fishing"
- Oysters
- Lobsters

• Geographical language

- Areas
- Linked to commodities (Rhenish wine; French wine)
- Non-port towns
- Ports
- Seas

• Greenland fishing

• Insults made between ships during conflict at sea

• Port to port routes

• Ship age

- "an old shipp being about the Age of thirteen or fourteen yeers old" (the Mayflower, ca. ?1659)^[20]

• Ship prices

- Create table of price of ships per ton (by age and burthen)

- Prices outside England, e.g. Surat (the Mayflower, 280 tonnes, 13 or 14 years old, badly damaged, valued with tackle and provisions at 910:li sterling by Capt. Robert ffisher, commander of the Smirna Merchant (£3.25 per ton)

• Timber merchants

• Time

- Between ports
- lading in port
- Unlading in port

• Wages

- Levels by job function
- Variances within and between job functions, & over time, & according to perceived risk and supply/demand

• Workings of Vice Admiralty courts outside London

- Regional courts

-- Example: Leith, Scotland
-- Example: Court of West England

- Process

1. ↑ [XXX HCA 13/68: Case: Clayme of Domingo Centurione for wools in the Morning Starr: Deposition: 3. Michael van Lubkin, of Hamborough, Mariner, Master of the Morning Starr, aged 31 Date: November 22nd 1653]
2. ↑ Case: XXXX: Deposition: Nicholas Williams, of Redriffe, Surrey, Mariner, sometime Quartermaster on the Freetrade, aged 36: Date: March 9th 1653/44
3. ↑ HCA 13/129: Personal answers of Thomas Ewens: Allegation: Humfrey ffosse, John Tucker & Charles Howgate: Date: 2nd June 1659
4. ↑ HCA 13/129: Personal answers of Augustine Coronell: Allegation: John Thacker: Date: June 23rd 1659
5. ↑ HCA 23/19: Document Number: 237: Case: XXXX: Date: XXXX
6. ↑ [XXX HCA 13/68: Case: Clayme of Domingo Centurione for wools in the Morning Starr: Deposition: 3. Michael van Lubkin, of Hamborough, Mariner, Master of the Morning Starr, aged 31 Date: November 22nd 1653]
7. ↑ HCA 13/68: Case: The Keepers of the Liberty of England ag:t the ship the Heart of Skadam: Deposition: 1. William Evarson, of Skadam, Holland, Mariner, aged 44: Date: September 26:th 1653
8. ↑ HCA 13/68: Case: XXXX: Deposition: Charles Marescoe, of S:t Nicholas Lane, London, Merchant, aged 21: Date: The same day (?1653/54, or 1654
9. ↑ HCA 13/68: Case: The Keeper of the Liberty etc. vs. the Golden Starr: Deposition: 1. Mark Harrison, of Wapping, Middlesex, Mariner, aged 27: Date: September 22nd 1653
10. ↑ HCA 13/68: Case: The Keeper of the Liberty etc. vs. the Golden Starr: Deposition: 1. Mark Harrison, of Wapping, Middlesex, Mariner, aged 27: Date: September 22nd 1653
11. ↑ HCA 13/68: Case: The Keeper of the Liberty etc. vs. the Golden Starr: 3. Thomas Keyes, of Deptford, Kent, Mariner, late Quarter Masters Mate of the Advantage Frigot: Date: October 3rd 1653
12. ↑ HCA 13/68: Case: On behalf of John Harrison: Deposition: 3. William Neave, of Dukes Place, London, Merchant, aged 44: Date: December ?23rd 1653
13. ↑ HCA 13/88: Case: XXXX: Deposition: Nicholas Williams, of Redriffe, Surrey, Mariner, sometime Quartermaster on the Freetrade, aged 36: Date: March 9th 1653/44
14. ↑ HCA 13/129: Personal answers of Peter Cornelius Youngboare: Allegation: ?Maurice Trent: Date: 17th March 1658
15. ↑ HCA 13/129: Personal answers of Humfey ffosse John Tucker Christofer Mills: Allegation: Captain Thomas Ewens: Date: XXXX
16. ↑ HCA 13/128: Case: XXXX: Answer: Richard Batson, Humphrey Beane, & Gowen Goldegay: Date: XXXX
17. ↑ HCA 13/129: Personal answers of Robert Oxwick, William Weilday and John Jefferyes: Allegation: John White & others: Date: 4th Feb. 1658
18. ↑ HCA 13/129: Personal answers of Humfey ffosse John Tucker Christofer Mills: Allegation: Captain Thomas Ewens: Date: XXXX)
19. ↑ HCA 13/129: Personal answers of Humfey ffosse John Tucker Christofer Mills: Allegation: Captain Thomas Ewens: Date: XXXX)
20. ↑ HCA 23/19: Document Number: 51: Case: Willia, Curtis, Thomas Hussey, Samuel Harvar(d): Date: ?1660